Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:Mönig)

2022-07-19

Evaluationen in der Extremismus­prävention sind häufig Gegen­stand kontroverser Debatten. Um sie künftig praxisnah und ziel­orientierter gestalten zu können, müssen Bedarfe unter Einbeziehung der Praxis­perspektive systematisch erhoben werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben die Autor:innen des PrEval-­Projekts erstmals 429 Praktiker:innen aus den Phänomen­feldern islamistischer Extremismus und Rechts­extremismus zu den Themen Evaluation, wissen­schaftliche Begleitung und Qualitäts­sicherung befragt. Der vorliegende Report fokussiert die Evaluations­bedarfe und -erfahrungen innerhalb der vielfältigen Landschaft der Extremismus­prävention. Er führt zudem in zentrale Begrifflich­keiten ein, gleicht Evaluations­standards ab und ordnet sie in den wissen­schaftlichen Kenntnisstand ein. Das Ergebnis sind Empfehlungen für die Bereiche Qualitäts­sicherung und Evaluation in der deutschen Extremismus­prävention, die der Weiter­entwicklung im Feld dienen sollen.

Politikwissenschaft ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Political science ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur ; Forschungsarten der Sozialforschung ; Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture ; Research Design ; Rechtsradikalismus ; Islamismus ; Prävention ; Monitoring ; Evaluation ; Lernen ; wissenschaftliche Begleitung ; Qualitätssicherung ; right-wing radicalism ; islamism ; prevention ; monitoring ; evaluation ; learning ; evaluation research ; quality assurance

Arbeitspapier, working paper

2024-02-26

Warum sind unsere Daten und das Private schützenswert? Diese Frage stellt sich insbesondere in Zeiten der vierten Industriellen Revolution, des Internets der Dinge und des politischen Wandels. Julia Maria Mönig zeigt, dass Hannah Arendts Anliegen, das Private unbedingt zu bewahren, von ihrem Verständnis des antiken Haushalts bis hin zur Verletzung der informationellen Privatheit im Totalitarismus aufschlussreiche Einsichten in aktuelle Debatten - etwa über Cybermobbing - liefert. Das Buch richtet sich an Philosoph_innen ebenso wie an Datenschützer_innen und Privatheitsforscher_innen verschiedener Disziplinen sowie an alle, die sich über die Zukunft und Gegenwart der Demokratie Gedanken machen.

Philosophie ; Philosophy ; Privatheit; Hannah Arendt; Vierte Industrielle Revolution; Cybermobbing; Cyberspace; Medienphilosophie; Deutsche Philosophiegeschichte; Cyberbullying; Media Philosophy; German History of Philosophy ; Philosophie, Theologie ; Philosophy, Ethics, Religion ; Datenschutz ; Internet ; Totalitarismus ; industrielle Revolution ; Politik ; Medien ; politische Philosophie ; Arendt, H. ; Privatsphäre ; data protection ; totalitarianism ; industrial revolution ; politics ; media ; political philosophy ; philosophy ; privacy

Dissertation, phd thesis

1365-2133

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

We describe a 28-year-old woman with characteristic clinical signs of Comèl–Netherton syndrome (CNS) who showed numerous plane warts on her face and forearms and papillomatous skin tumours affecting her groins and genitoanal skin. Using human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific primers for cutaneous and mucosal HPV types we identified HPV 16-specific sequences in plane warts and HPV 51- and HPV 52-specific DNA in papillomatous skin from the patient's groins, suggesting a pathogenetic role (cofactor) for HPV in the development of verrucous skin lesions in patients with CNS. Whether the susceptibility to HPV infections is due to decreased cellular immunity or epidermal defence mechanisms remains to be seen.

Electronic Resource

1365-2133

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

In the immunohistology of malignant melanoma the use of polyclonal antibodies against protein S100 is well established. Recently, it was shown that S100B, a subunit of the S100 protein family, is detectable in the serum of melanoma patients and correlates with the stage of the disease in patients with metastatic melanoma. In the present study, the first evaluation of a large number of treatment observations (n = 77) in 64 different patients during chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy for advanced metastatic melanoma (stage IV) is presented. All patients received treatment according to standardized protocols comprising 8 weeks of treatment followed by routine staging procedures to evaluate therapeutic outcome. In 13 patients with tumour enlargement after first-line therapy, a second-line treatment was subsequently given. S100B immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) tests were performed before, during and after treatment at scheduled time points. In the interim analysis at 4 weeks 29 of 37 (78%) patients with tumour progression during treatment showed a raised S100B level. In the final analysis at 8 weeks, 31 of these 37 patients (84%) demonstrated rising S100B values (P 〈 0.001). Patients who responded to treatment (stable or regressing metastatic disease) showed constant or declining S100B levels in 38 of 40 patients (95%) at the interim analysis, at 8 weeks this was further increased to 39 of 40 patients (98%; P 〈 0.001). Thus, the use of S100B for monitoring treatment is adequate in the majority of cases. Our observations are of great interest for therapeutic trials of adjuvant and palliative therapies as the rise of S100B levels might indicate that re-staging and/or changes in therapy strategies should be chosen.

Electronic Resource

1365-2559

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Aims:  Adenocarcinomas of the distal oesophagus and especially the oesophago–gastric junction have shown an increasing incidence during the last decade. Definition of subgroups according to different sites of development, histogenesis or aetiology may prove to be valuable for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Previous studies have shown differences in cytokeratin patterns between Barrett's metaplasia of the oesophagus and intestinal metaplasia in the stomach. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the expression of certain cytokeratins (CK7, CK20) and mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC) exhibit clear-cut patterns, thus allowing a subclassification of adenocarcinomas of the oesophago–gastric junction. The possibility of a relationship between antigen expression and the presence or absence of Barrett's metaplastic epithelium was also studied.Methods and results:  CK7, CK20, MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC were visualized in six adenocarcinomas of the distal oesophagus, 29 adenocarcinomas of the oesophago–gastric junction and eight adenocarcinomas of the proximal stomach. CK7, CK20 and MUC1 were strongly expressed in the great majority of all neoplasms under study, whereas MUC2 and MUC5AC were absent or only faintly detectable. CK20 exhibited a significantly stronger expression in poorly differentiated tumours (G3) and MUC1 immunoreactivity correlated with tubular and papillary versus signet-ring cell histopathology. Other statistically significant correlations between antigens and histopathological features (pTNM stage, grading, histopathological subtype, presence/absence of Barrett's epithelium) were not observed.Conclusions:  According to our results, most adenocarcinomas of the oesophago–gastric junction show a CK7+, CK20+, MUC1+ phenotype irrespective of the presence or absence of Barrett's epithelium. The immunohistochemical data suggest a similar histogenesis of these tumours.

Electronic Resource

1365-2559

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

This study evaluates potential regulating factors in primary pulmonary carcinoid tumours, 16 typical and four atypical samples, with special emphasis on apoptosis and the bcl-2 gene family. Furthermore, p53-related oncogenes were analysed in a search for associated biological parameters.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and resultsThe in-situ end-labelling technique (ISEL) was used to determine apoptotic cells, in addition to immunohistochemical methods, which were used to investigate the expression of the Ki67 antigen (avidin–biotin complex (ABC) method) and bcl-2, bcl-x, p53, p21/waf1, p27 and mdm-2 proteins (catalysed reporter deposition (CARD) technique). The incidence of apoptotic tumour cells was significantly enhanced in typical carcinoids. The bcl-2 protein was expressed to a higher degree in atypical carcinoids, which displayed a higher proliferative capacity as well. In contrast, bcl-x was observed predominantly in so-called typical carcinoids. The tumour cell turnover index was the most distinguishing parameter between both entities. All carcinoid tumours failed to show a staining for p53, p21/waf, p27 and mdm-2 proteins.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsThe different biological behaviour of the carcinoid tumours under study seems to be influenced by the bcl-2 gene family preventing programmed cell death. We speculate that this results in a more aggressive course in atypical carcinoid tumours.

Electronic Resource

1365-2559

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Comparative evaluation of the prognostic value of MUC1, MUC2, sialyl-Lewisa and sialyl-Lewisx antigens in colorectal adenocarcinoma Aims: The significance of MUC1, MUC2 and sialylated Lewis blood group antigens as prognostic markers in colorectal adenocarcinoma was investigated in a large series of patients because previous investigations revealed inconsistent results due to unrelated tumour samples from different patient groups and methodological differences. Methods and results: Tissues from 243 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were stained immunohistochemically. MUC1 showed a strong immunoreactivity (in more than 35% of the tumour area) in 32.5%, MUC2 in 51.0%, sialyl-Lewisx in 67.9% and sialyl-Lewisa in 73.7% of the cases, respectively. MUC1 immunoreactivity displayed a significant correlation with tumour progression as reflected by advancing pTNM staging and poor differentiation. MUC2 expression was significantly stronger in mucinous adenocarcinomas. Sialyl-Lewisx immunostaining correlated with the extent of lymph node metastasis as well as low cytological differentiation. According to univariate and multivariate analysis (P 〈 0.0001) only MUC1 reactivity represented a marker of worse survival probability, opposed to the sialylated Lewis antigens that did not exert a predictive value. Conclusions: According to our data, MUC1 and sialyl-Lewisx immunoreactivity exhibit statistically significant correlations with established markers of tumour progression. However, only MUC1 presents as an independent prognostic factor of colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Electronic Resource

1365-2559

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Expression of MMP-2 is associated with progression and lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma Aims: One important step in tumour invasion is the penetration of the basement membrane. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in the migration of normal and malignant cells through the basement membrane. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) immunoreactivity and currently used classification systems and possible relationships between lymph node metastasis and MMP-2 expression. Methods and results: This prospective study analysed specimens obtained from 114 gastric cancer patients (mean age 64 years; range 33–86 years) who underwent gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy. All specimens were categorized according to UICC classification, WHO classification, tumour differentiation, Laurén classification, Ming classification and Goseki classification. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour specimens were stained using an avidin–biotin complex peroxidase assay. MMP-2 expression in the tumour epithelium was studied by immunohistochemistry with semiquantitative (score 0–3) evaluation. The MMP-2 staining pattern was positive (score 1–3) in 93 (81.6%) specimens and negative (score 0) in 21 (18.4%) samples. No significant correlations were found between MMP-2 expression and other variables such as age, tumour differentiation, WHO, Lauren, Goseki, and Ming classifications. In contrast, the intensity of MMP-2 staining in tumour cells correlated significantly with depth of tumour infiltration (T-stage), lymph node metastasis (N-stage), distant metastasis (M-stage), and UICC stage. Conclusions: Expression of MMP-2 is strongly associated with tumour progression and lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. Therefore MMP-2 staining may be clinically useful as predictor of tumour progression, especially for lymph node metastasis.

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Polycrystalline d,Z-methionine ('De-gussa5, Frankfurt/Main) with a bulk volume of 187 cm8/100 g was evacuated (〈 10-3 torr) in quartz-tubes and X-irradiated (180 kV, 20 m.amp, half-value layer: 0-90 mm copper, dose-rate: 450 r/min, dose: 100 kr.). Nearly 5 min later, after the electron spin ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Livers freshly removed from mice were frozen at 77 K in an untreated state and subsequently lyophilized. Preparations containing cysteine were obtained by injecting 0*5 ml. of a cysteine solution (300 mg cysteine-HCl/ml. H2O) into the freshly-removed organ. Then the liver was frozen at 77 K and ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Polycrystalline, d,Z-homocysteinethiolactone (HCT)-HCl (Degussa, Konstanz/Germany) with a bulk volume of about 220 cm3/100 g was sealed under vacuum (10~3 torr) and irradiated at room temperature. The electron spin resonance measurements were carried out under the same conditions as previously ...

Electronic Resource

1534-4681

Colon cancer ; Lymph node metastasis ; Lymph node size

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Background: Detection of metastatic lymph nodes in colon cancer is essential for determining stage and adjuvant treatment modalities. Lymph node size has been used as one possible criterion for nodal metastasis. Although enlarged regional lymph nodes are generally interpreted as metastases, few data are available that correlate lymph node size with metastatic infiltration in colon cancer. Methods: In a prospective morphometric study, the regional lymph nodes from 30 colon specimens from consecutive patients with primary colon cancer were analyzed. The lymph nodes were counted and the largest diameter of each lymph node was measured and analyzed for metastatic involvement by histological examination. Results: A total of 698 lymph nodes were present in the 30 specimens examined for this study. A mean number of 23 (range, 19–39) lymph nodes was found in each specimen. Of these nodes, 566 (81%) were tumor-free and 132 (19%) contained metastases. The mean diameter of the lymph nodes free of metastases was 3.9 mm, whereas those infiltrated by metastases averaged 5.9 mm in diameter (P〈 0.0001). Of the tumor-free lymph nodes, 528 (93%) measured 〈 5 mm in diameter, whereas 70 (53%) lymph nodes containing metastases measured 〈 5 mm in diameter. Conclusions: Lymph node size is not a reliable indicator for lymph node metastasis in colon cancer. A careful histological search for small lymph node metastasis in the specimen should be undertaken to avoid false-negative node staging.

Electronic Resource

1437-160X

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1435-1536

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Electronic Resource

1434-6052

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract. Measurements of the forward-backward production asymmetry of heavy quarks in Z decays provide a precise determination of $\sin^2\!\theta_{\rm{W,eff}}^{\rm{lept}}$ . The asymmetries are sensitive to QCD effects, in particular hard gluon radiation. In this paper QCD corrections for $A_{\mathrm{FB}}^{{b\bar{b}}}$ and $A_{\mathrm{FB}}^{{c\bar c}}$ are discussed. The interplay between the experimental techniques used to measure the asymmetries and the QCD effects is investigated using simulated events. A procedure to estimate the correction needed for experimental measurements is proposed, and some specific examples are given.

Electronic Resource

1434-6052

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract. The most precise measurement of the weak mixing angle $\sin^2 \theta_{\mathrm{eff}}^l$ at LEP is from the forward-backward asymmetry $e^ + e^- \rightarrow b \overline{b}$ at the Z-pole. In this note the QED and electroweak radiative corrections to obtain the pole asymmetry from the measured asymmetry for b- and c-quarks have been calculated using ZFITTER, which has been amended to allow a consistent treatment of partial two-loop corrections for the b-quark final asymmetries. A total correction of $\delta A_{\mathrm{FB}}^{{b}} = 0.0019 \pm 0.0002$ and $\delta A_{\mathrm{FB}}^{{c}} = 0.0064 \pm 0.0001$ has been found, where the remaining theoretical uncertainty is much too small to explain the apparent discrepancy between $\sin^2 \theta_{\mathrm{eff}}^l$ obtained from A FB b and from the left-right asymmetry at SLD.

Electronic Resource

1420-9071

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Zusammenfassung Nach Röntgenbestrahlung von polykristallinemdl-Valin bei Zimmertemperatur ergibt sich ein ESR-Spektrum ohne aufgelöste Hyperfeinstruktur. Erwärmt man die bestrahlte Substanz auf 353 °K, so zeigt das Spektrum mehrere gut aufgelöste Tripletts. Demnach ist die intermolekulare Radikalwanderung bei Zimmertemperatur noch nicht abgeschlossen, sondern erst nach weiterer Temperaturerhöhung.

Electronic Resource

1432-1904

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

1432-1904

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

1432-1440

Thyroid dysfunction ; Immunotherapy ; Interleukin-2 ; Interferon-α ; Melanoma

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Recent reports suggest that combined therapy with recombinant interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN) alb may result in autoimmune-induced thyroid dysfunction. We prospectively analyzed thyroid function for 6 weeks in two groups of patients with progressive metastatic melanoma treated according to two different protocols. In group I (n =17) three treatment cycles were given, each with three weeks of subcutanous administration of rIL-2 and INF-α2b at different doses. In group 11 (n=13) the chemotherapeutic agent dacarbazine was given in addition. In group 1 three patients developed frank hyperthyroidism, which required antithyroid drug therapy in one case. Autoantibodies against thyroid microsomal antigen, thyroglobulin, and the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor were not significantly elevated in any of these patients. However, the remaining 14 patients showed a significant decrease in TSH after 6 weeks of treatment, from 1.8 ± 0.9 to 0.7 ± 0.7 μU/ml (P 〈 0.02). Thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine, thyroxine, free thyroxine) also increased during the observation time, but this did not parallel the drop in TSH levels. Only thyroxine increased above the upper limit of normal, while triiodothyronine and free thyroxine stayed within the normal range. In group 11, 6 of 13 patients (46%) had a decreased TSH after 6 weeks of treatment. Mean TSH was 1.5±1.4 before and 0.8 ± 0.6 μU/ml after 6 weeks and was totally suppressed in three cases. None of these patients showed ouvert hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism was not observed in either group. We conclude that treatment with rIL-2 and INF-α2b may not only be associated with autoimmune thyroiditis and hyperthyroidism but also results in suppression of TSH levels while the patients remain euthyroid.

Electronic Resource