Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:Kraas)

book

1995

Umweltbildung ; Rollenspiel ; Lernen ; Exemplarisches Lernen ; Handlungsorientierung ; Lerninhalt ; Lernmethode ; Planspiel ; Lehrplan ; Modellversuch ; Wirtschaftskunde ; Wirtschaftspädagogik ; Berufsschule ; Bankkaufmann ; Sozialversicherungsfachangestellter ; Zukunftswerkstatt ; Szenarium ; Lukas ; Deutschland

German

Literaturangaben

2021-08-06

Worldwide, high mountains are characterised by an ethnic, linguistic and socio-cultural, sometimes also religious variety. Thus, in addition to other regions mostly situated in national peripheries, they figure among the last retreats of traditionally ethno-linguistic diversity. According to estimates, about 250 million people belong to the so-called "indigenous" peoples living predominantly in peripheral regions; this figure amounts to between 70 and 80 million in Europe. Using the example of the Rhaeto-Romanic people of Graubünden (Grisons), it is possible to follow in detail the different phases of the territorial retreat as well as the causes accelerating and supporting that development. When the Rhaeto-Romanic area was at its largest, it extended from Regensburg to Trient and from Constance to Kufstein. The current area occupied is the result of a long shrinking process. In the Alps region, there are still three regions separated from each other, which are still settled by the Rhaeto-Romanish people: the district of Friuli (about 500 000 people; Italy), the Ladin region in the Dolomites (about 30 000 people; Italy) and the Romance Grisons region (about 40 000 people; canton of Graubünden (Grisons)/Switzerland). Since the end of the 19th century, the Rhaeto-Romanish language has increasingly been pushed back by the linguistic switch to the German or to the Italian languages, and the linguistic area has been subdivided into different sections. The effects of increasing development of the economy and transport communications in the mountain areas have especially favoured the peripheralisation process. The causes and reasons responsible for the peripheralisation of the Rhaeto-Romanish people are in detail as follows: The Rhaeto-Romanish people are linguistically subdivided into five main idioms, and by religious denomination into further fragments. The Rhaeto-Romanish population is very unevenly distributed within the canton, and in many communities it is demographically aging. The unbalanced structure of occupation and employment encourages emigration, especially of qualified people. A high proportion of persons speaking other languages, linguistically mixed marriages and the power of bilingualism (German/ Rhaeto-Romanish) stimulate the linguistic switch. This development is also encouraged by the low prestige value of the Rhaeto-Romanic language, by the lack of minority-specific urban centres and by the shortage in availability of a (primary, secondary and university) education and of the media. The most important factors influencing the preservation and the decline of the ethno-linguistic diversity are summerised in a diagram. In addition to the various area-based factors (natural landscape, natural resources and infrastructure), other superordinate social factors (economic, social, geopolitical situation, disparities, administration and planning system, minority politics and the legal situation) take effect. The different ethno-national, geostrategic, economic and ecological factors as well as their relationships to each other are represented in detail.

Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Städtebau, Raumplanung, Landschaftsgestaltung ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Sociology & anthropology ; Landscaping and area planning ; Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie ; Kommunikationssoziologie, Sprachsoziologie, Soziolinguistik ; Raumplanung und Regionalforschung ; Ethnology, Cultural Anthropology, Ethnosociology ; Sociology of Communication, Sociology of Language, Sociolinguistics ; Area Development Planning, Regional Research ; Schweiz ; Alpenraum ; Bevölkerung ; Bevölkerungsgruppe ; Sprachgruppe ; Diversität ; kulturelle Vielfalt ; ethnische Gruppe ; Ethnologie ; Sprache ; Minderheit ; historische Entwicklung ; Linguistik ; Switzerland ; Alps ; population ; population group ; language group ; diversity ; cultural diversity ; ethnic group ; ethnology ; language ; minority ; historical development ; linguistics

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

1365-2958

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Medicine

The Escherichia coli iron transport system via ferrichrome belongs to the group of ATP-dependent transporters that are widely distributed in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Transport across the cytoplasmic membrane is mediated by three proteins: FhuD in the periplasm, FhuB in the cytoplasmic membrane and FhuC (ATPase) associated with the inside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Interaction of FhuD with FhuB was studied in vitro with biotinylated synthetic 10 residue and 20–24 residue peptides of FhuB by determining the activity of β-galactosidase linked to the peptides via streptavidin. Peptides identical in sequence to only one of the four periplasmic loops (loop 2), predicted by a transmembrane model of FhuB, and peptides representing a transmembrane segment and part of the adjacent cytoplasmic loop 7 of FhuB bound to FhuD. Decapeptides were transferred into the periplasm of cells through a FhuA deletion derivative that forms permanently open channels three times as large as the porins in the outer membrane. FhuB peptides that bound to FhuD inhibited ferrichrome transport, while peptides that did not bind to FhuD did not affect transport. These data led us to propose that the periplasmic FhuD interacts with a transmembrane region and the cytoplasmic segment 7 of FhuB. The transmembrane region may be part of a pore through which a portion of FhuD inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane during transport. The cytoplasmic segment 7 of FhuB contains the conserved amino acid sequence EAA…G (in FhuB DTA…G) found in ABC transporters, which is predicted to interact with the cytoplasmic FhuC ATPase. Triggering of ATP hydrolysis by substrate-loaded FhuD may occur by physical interaction between FhuD and FhuC, which bind close to each other on loop 7. Although FhuB consists of two homologous halves, FhuB(N) and FhuB(C), the sites identified for FhuD-mediated ferrichrome transport are asymmetrically arranged.

Electronic Resource

0022-2313

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0022-2313

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0731-7085

Salicylamide-O-acetic acid ; reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography. ; theophylline solubilizer

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Electronic Resource

0009-2614

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0009-2614

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0009-2614

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

1435-2451

Insulin Secretion after Abdominal Operation ; Postoperative Glucose Tolerance ; Oral and Intravenous Glucose Load ; “Entero-Insular-Axis” ; Glucose Pool

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Zusammenfassung Die Insulinsekretion im peripheren Venenblut und Pfortaderblut wurden während 14 oraler Glukosebelastungstests (OGT) und 12 Glukoseinfusionstests (GIT) bei 19 Patienten nach intraabdominellen Operationen gemessen. 8 OGTs und 6 GITs wurden am 6. bzw. 7. postoperativen Tag durchgeführt, während jeweils 6 OGTs und GITs 12 Tage nach der Operation erfolgten. Folgende Schlußfolgerungen werden gezogen: 1. Nach intraabdominellen Operationen ist die Glukosetoleranz noch am 7. postoperativen Tag wesentlich gemindert. 2. Die Insulinkonzentrationen im peripher venösen Blut sind am 6./7. postoperativen Tag und am 12. postoperativen Tag nahezu identisch. 3. Im Gegensatz dazu werden im Pfortaderblut deutliche Unterschiede gemessen. Während der OGTa sind die Ineulinkonzentrationen früher postoperativ (7. postoperativer Tag) höher als später postoperativ (12. postoperativer Tag). Umgekehrt sind die Insulinkonzentrationen während der GITs früh postoperativ niedriger als spät postoperativ. 4. Als Ursache der hohen Plasmainsulinspiegel nach oraler Glukosegabe wird der Einfluß enteraler Faktoren sowie eine erhöhte „Durchlässigkeit” der Leber für die unmittelbar resorbierte Glukose - Folge ist ein stärkerer hyperglykämischer Reiz für den Inselzellapparat -in der frühen postoperativen Phase diskutiert. 5. Da trotz hoher Insulinspiegel bei oraler Glukosegabe die Glukosetoleranz vermindert ist, muß als Ursache am ehesten die Vergrößerung des Glukosepools durch Glykogenolyse und Glukoneogenese in der frühen postoperativen Phase angenommen werden.

Summary The insulin secretion in the peripheral venous blood and the portal venous blood were measured during 14 oral glucose tolerance tests (OGT) and 12 glucose infusion tests (GIT), in 19 patients after intraabdominal operations. 8 OGTs and 6 GITs were carried out on the 6th reap. 7th postoperative day, whilst 6 OGTs and GITs were carried out 12 days after the operation. The following conclusions can be drawn: 1. After intraabdominal operation the glucose tolerance is still considerably less on the 7th postoperative day. 2. The insulin concentrations in the peripheral venous blood are nearly identical on the 6th/7th and the 12th postoperative day. 3. Contrary to this, clear differences were measured in the portal venous blood. During the OGTs the insulin concentrations in the early postoperative period - 7th postoperative day -are higher than in the later postoperative period -12th postoperative day. The insulin concentration during the GITs on the other hand are lower in the early postoperative period than later postoperatively. 4. It is discussed, whether the influence of enteral factors as well as an increased permeability of the liver for the instantly resorbed glucose - the result is an increased hyperglycemical stimulus for the insular cell apparatus - is the cause for the high plasma insulin level after oral glucose application. 5. Because the glucose tolerance is diminished inspite of high insulin level during oral glucose application, the enlargement of the glucose pool by glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the early postoperative period must be accepted as the most probable cause.

Electronic Resource

1435-2451

Pancreatitis chronic ; Pancreas head, resection of ; Duodenum, preservation ; Chronische Pankreatitis ; Pankreaskopfresektion ; Duodenumerhaltung

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Zusammenfassung Bei 12 Patienten mit chronischer Pankreatitis und Pankreaskopf-TM wurde nach tierexperimentellen Vorstudien eine subtotale Pankreaskopfresektion unter Erhaltung des Duodenum ausgeführt. Zwischen dem Pankreaskopfrest am Duodenum und dem Pankreaskörper ist eine ausgeschaltete Jejunumschlinge interponiert worden. OP-Indikation: Schmerzen + Gangstenose im Pankreaskopf — 5 Patienten; Choledochuskompression — 5 Patienten; TM im Pankreaskopf — 2 Patienten; OP-Letalität: 0 %. Im Durchschnitt 25 Monate (3 Monate — 6 Jahre) nach der OP ergab die Nachuntersuchung von 12 Patienten keine Zeichen einer Malassimilation. Diese Methode der Pankreaskopfresektion erspart dem Patienten im Vergleich zur partiellen Duodenopankreatektomie die 2/3Resektion des Magens, die partielle Gallenwegsresektion sowie die Duodenektomie.

Summary In 12 patients with chronic pancreatitis and a tumor in the pancreas head, a subtotal head resection with preservation of the duodenum was performed after experiments in animals. An excluded jejunum loop was interposed between the duodenum and the body of the pancreas. Five patients had pain and duct stenosis; 5 patients, compression of the common duct; and 2 patients, a pancreatitic tumor. Mortality: 0 %. In the mean of 25 months after operation, a check-up of the 12 patients does not indicate major signs of malassimilation. This resection procedure of the pancreas head saves the patient from subtotal gastrectomy, common duct resection, and duodenectomy as compared to the duodenopancreatectomy.

Electronic Resource

1435-2451

Geriatrics, preoperative preparations ; Geriatrics, complications, postoperative ; Geriatrie ; Operationsvorbereitung ; postoperative Komplikationen

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

ZusammenfaBung 1005 Krankengeschichten von Patienten im Alter über 70 wurden katamnestisch ausgewertet. Pro Pat. wurden 75 präoperative Daten mit 50 Daten aus dem intra- u. postoperativen Verlauf verglichen. Es besteht eine negative Korrelation zwischen Vorbereitungszeit in Tagen und postoperativen Komplikationen und Letalität: 1 Tag Vorbereitung 42% Letalität, 2–5 Tage 26%, 6–7 Tage 14%. Die hauptsächlichen postoperativen Komplikationen sind: Herzinfarkt— Insuffizienz (Notfälle 51%, elektive 23%), postoperative maschinelle Beatmung (Notfälle 20%, elektive 11%), Niereninsuffizienz (Notfälle 37%, elektive 21%), BewuBtseinBtörungen (Notfälle 22%, elektive 9%).

Summary The case histories of 1005 patients over 70 years old were studied retrospectively. For each patient 75 preoperative items of information are compared with 50 items recorded during and after surgery. There is a negative correlation between preoperative preparation in days and postoperative complications and lethality: 1-day preparation 42% lethality; 2–5 days, 26%; 6–7 days, 14% lethality. The most important postoperative complications: acute heart failure (51% in emergency op., 23% in elective op.), acute respiratory insufficiency (20% vs. 11%), renal failure (37% vs. 21%), cerebral disorder (22% vs. 9%).

Electronic Resource

1432-1440

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1432-1440

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1432-1440

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1432-1440

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1432-1440

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1432-1440

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1432-1440

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1432-1440

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource