Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:Kloiber)

2022-06-29

We developed concrete policy recommendations for the German government built on its main priorities as detailed in its 2022 programme titled "Progress towards an equitable world". As Germany holds the G7 presidency, it currently has a particular opportunity to set the direction for the G7. We therefore identified concrete policy goals for 2029 - the year when Germany will next hold the G7 presidency - and developed tangible policy recommendations for achieving these goals. Together with renowned think tank experts, we refined the ideas even further. The first issue of our English-language publication BKHS Perspectives collates these ideas by including the policy recommendations from our summit participants, invited experts and BKHS colleagues.

Internationale Beziehungen ; International relations ; policy recommondations; G7; gender; climate responsibility; digital environment; peace; climate justice; digital democracy ; internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik ; International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy ; internationale Zusammenarbeit ; internationale Beziehungen ; Außenpolitik ; Gender Mainstreaming ; Klimapolitik ; Friedenspolitik ; Sicherheit ; international cooperation ; international relations ; foreign policy ; gender mainstreaming ; climate policy ; peace policy ; security ; 10500

Sammelwerk, collection

book

2013

Förderungsmaßnahme ; Grundschule ; Volksschule ; Rechenschwäche ; Bachelor-Studiengang ; Abschlussarbeit

German

Graz, Pädag. Hochsch. Steiermark, Bachelorarb., 2013.

article

2015

Eltern ; Kindertagesstätte ; Elternarbeit ; Familienzentrum

Theorie und Praxis der Sozialpädagogik, (2015) H. 7, S. 10-12, 0342-7145

German

article

2011

Methodik ; Projekt ; Hindernislaufen ; Schulsport ; Sportpädagogik ; Sportunterricht ; Sportveranstaltung ; Trendsport ; Parcours ; Sicherheit

Bewegungserziehung, Bd. 65 (2011) H. 3, S. 16-23, 1726-4375

German

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Irradiation of an absorbing material with a short laser pulse generates a thermoelastic stress wave, from which the distribution of absorbed energy can be derived. This method is ideal to measure the light penetration in biological tissue. Especially for in vivo applications, we developed an optical stress transducer that can be positioned directly in front of the irradiated surface, inside the laser beam, in order to avoid distortion of the stress wave due to acoustic diffraction. The detector is based on stress wave-induced changes of optical reflectance of a glass-water interface, probed with a continuous laser beam that is incident at an angle close to the critical angle of total internal reflection to achieve maximum sensitivity. In this study, we describe the theory for the calibration of the transducer and compare the measured with the theoretically predicted signals. In the experiments, an aqueous dye solution is irradiated with pulses from either a Q-switched, frequency-doubled Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser or from an optical parametric oscillator with pulse durations of 8 and 6 ns, respectively. Good agreement between the measured and calculated waveforms as well as the possibility to obtain photoacoustic absorption spectra from the shape of the recorded signals is demonstrated. From our experimental and theoretical findings, it follows that the detector is characterized by a high temporal and spatial resolution and by an adjustable sensitivity, depending on the incident angle of the probe beam at the glass-water interface. Apart from the applications proposed in the present work, it seems to be possible to use this kind of transducer for the two-dimensional recording of stress waves. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Thermoelastic waves generated by absorption of short laser pulses are used to characterize the layer structure of materials. The method is based on the analysis of the distribution of absorbed laser energy from temporal profiles of recorded acoustic signals. Particularly in view of noninvasive medical applications, optoacoustic front surface transducers are investigated in this study, where irradiation of the surface and detection of the acoustic wave take place on the same side of the sample. Front surface detection of optoacoustic waves is studied theoretically and experimentally, with special emphasis on acoustic diffraction and the differences between measurements in the acoustic near and far field. In the experiments, samples with stepwise and continuously varying depth profiles of absorption coefficient were irradiated with laser pulses of 6–8 ns duration. For the detection of the acoustic waves either an optical ultrasound sensor or an annular piezoelectric film was used. Generating the optoacoustic waves with a flat top laser beam profile and detecting the signals in the acoustic near field yields optimal conditions for direct measurements of the distribution of absorbed energy and the absorption coefficient in the medium. Far field measurements are advantageous for detecting and imaging layer boundaries at large depths in the sample. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Laser light from a Q-switched Nd:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser (λ=1064 nm; pulse duration=20 ns; pulse energies up to 150 mJ) focused into water creates shock waves by rapidly expanding microplasmas. Using piezoelectric, thin-film polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) as a transducer, a broadband hydrophone (100-MHz bandwidth) was developed to investigate underwater shock waves. The electrical signal is analyzed with respect to reflections of the shock wave within the transducer and the input impedance of the measuring device. The shock waveform is determined, its peak pressure ranging to kbars (108 Pa), decreasing with r−1.12 and increases by the square root of the laser pulse energy. The time resolution of the hydrophone (4 ns) is sufficient to determine the plasma dimensions and the number of shock waves generated by a single laserpulse. Both vary statistically, primarily because of contaminations in the fluid. Because of the length of the region containing plasmas, different peak pressures are found in the direction of the laser beam and perpendicular to it.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

A method for optimized generation and detection of thermoelastic stress waves for the measurement of tissue optical properties and structure is investigated. The stress waves are formed by short pulsed irradiation of an absorbing dye solution with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm. An optical transducer based on pressure-induced reflectivity changes of a continuous laser beam at a glass-water interface detects the stress wave in front of the irradiated sample surface. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that this kind of detector, where the active area is a small spot close to the irradiated surface, minimizes signal distortion due to acoustic diffraction. Comparisons of absorption coefficients measured acoustically and from optical transmission show a good agreement between the two methods. The high sensitivity of the detector (1.5 mV/bar) makes it possible to keep the temperature and pressure rise in the investigated target low, which enables in vivo applications of the optical transducer. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Two-dimensional detection of ultrasonic waves is based on pressure-induced changes of optical reflectance at a glass–liquid interface, imaged with a time-gated video camera. The method is used to record optoacoustic waves generated after irradiation of optically absorbing targets with 6 ns long laser pulses. Measurements of absolute pressure values with high temporal and spatial resolution (in the range of 10 ns and 10 μm, respectively) is demonstrated. The sensitivity is varied between 0.19% and 0.81% gray level modulation per bar. The detector plane is optically transparent, making it possible to irradiate the sample through the detector without disturbing the acoustic measurement. Two-dimensional recording of ultrasonic waves is ideally suited for the analysis of acoustic emission from small sources and for optoacoustic imaging of optical absorption differences in an opaque material. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

In this paper we report on experiments to investigate the laser-induced breakdown properties of saline solutions of different concentrations and of highly deionized water, using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The observation of the dependence of the breakdown probability on the pulse energy gives information about the influence of the ion concentration on the breakdown occurrence. It has turned out that the generation of initial electrons for the avalanche by the ions determines the breakdown threshold in saline solutions. In extremely pure water, with no ions as electron donors, the first free electrons have to be produced by multiphoton ionization of the water molecules, which leads to a very sharp threshold. The region of pulse energies, where breakdown occurs only with a certain probability, has its minimum width in pure water, shows its maximum extension in low concentrated solutions and is again getting narrower with increasing concentrations.

Electronic Resource

1460-9568

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Focal epileptic activity can be expected to influence distant brain areas via far reaching connections. To investigate such interactions the effects of focal epileptic activity on the metabolism of the brain were investigated in the rat cortex. Focal epileptic activity was induced by the application of penicillin onto the motor cortex. The focus, and to a lesser extent homotopic contralateral brain areas, showed an increase in the regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRGIc) as measured by [14C]deoxyglucose autoradiography. This focal hypermetabolism was accompanied by widespread hypometabolism lateral to the focus. The decrease of rCMRGIc occurred in somatosensory cortical areas but not in the motor cortex behind or in front of the focus, the perirhinal cortex or the occipital cortex. It was associated with an increase in metabolic rate in the ventrolateral, ventroposteromedial, ventroposterolateral and, in particular, posterior nuclei of the thalamus. It is hypothesized that the widespread reduction of rCMRGIc in the somatosensory cortical areas is due to inhibition via thalamic nuclei caused by activity in the motor cortex.

Electronic Resource

0022-2313

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0022-2313

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0022-2313

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0022-2313

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0022-2313

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0022-2313

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0022-2313

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0022-2313

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0030-3992

biological structures ; laser-induced breakdown ; lasers ; shockwaves

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

Physics

Electronic Resource