Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:K. S. Reddy)

2014-09-13

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; *Disaster Planning ; *Global Health ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*genetics ; *Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*prevention & control/virology ; Intellectual Property ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control/virology ; Pandemics/*prevention & control/veterinary ; Poultry ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Swine

2018-11-09

Institute of Physics (IOP)

1757-8981

1757-899X

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

1399-3054

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Moderate levels of N were toxic to the native Australian plant boronia (Boronia megastigma Nees). As NO-3 is the major N form available for plants under cultivated conditions, NO-3 reduction and accumulation patterns in boronia were examined following the supply of various levels of NO-3 to understand the physiological basis of this toxicity. At a low level of supplied NO-3 [15 mmol (plant)-1], NO-3 was reduced without any detectable accumulation and without nitrate reductase activity (NRA) reaching its maximum capacity. When higher NO-3 levels [≥25 mmol (plant)-1] were supplied, both NRA and NO-3 accumulation increased further. However, NRA increased to a maximum of ca 500 nmol NO-3 (g fresh weight)-1 h-1, both in the roots and leaves, irrespective of a 4-fold difference in the levels of supplied NO-3, whereas NO-3 continued to accumulate in proportion to the level of supplied NO-3. Chlorotic toxicity symptoms appeared on the leaves at an accumulation of ca 32 μmol NO-3 (g fresh weight)-1. High endogenous NO-3 concentrations inhibited NRA. The low level of NRA in boronia was not limited by NO-3 or electron donor availability. It is concluded that the low NR enzyme activity is a genetic adaptation to the low NO-3 availability in the native soils of boronia. Thus, when NO-3 supply is high, the plat cannot reduce it at high rates, leading to large and toxic accumulations of the ion in the leaf tissues.

Electronic Resource

1432-0495

Key words Biogeochemical study ; Dung ; Urine ; Milk ; Fluoride ; Grazing animals ; Podili ; Tirupati

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Geosciences

Abstract  The fluoride content of dung, urine and milk of grazing animals, for example cow, she-buffalo, doe and ewe, was studied in the Podili area, India, (endemic fluorosis) and also in Tirupati (non-fluorosis) for the purpose of comparison. The data reveal that the fluoride content of the urine of animals is suitable for the preparation of biogeochemical atlases studying the environmental effect in relation to health.

Electronic Resource

1432-1203

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Abstract Cytogenetic data on products of conception from spontaneous abortions studied over a 10-year period have been reviewed for double trisomies. A total of 3034 spontaneous abortions were karyotyped between 1986 and 1997. Twenty-two cases with double trisomy, one case with triple trisomy, and a case with a trisomy and monosomy were found. The tissues studied were mostly sac, villi, or placenta. The gestational age ranged from 6 to 11 weeks and the mean age was 8.2 ± 1.7 (SD) weeks. The mean maternal age in years was 35.9 ± 5.3. Of the twenty-two cases, four were mosaics. All but two of the cases involved autosomal aneuploidies. The double trisomies included chromosomes 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, and 22. The chromosomes that were trisomic in more than one double trisomy case were numbers 16 (8 cases), 8 (5 cases), 15 (4 cases), 2, 13, and 21 (3 cases each), and 5, 7, 14, 18, 20, 22, and X (2 cases). The triple trisomy involved chromosomes 18, 21, and X. The monosomy and trisomy case was a mosaic, with a monosomy 21 in all cells and some cells also with a trisomy 5. The double trisomies cited for the first time in this study were 4/13, 5/16, 8/14, 8/15, 14/21, 15/20, and 7/12. The pooled mean maternal age for double trisomy cases (34.1 ± 5.7 years) was higher than that for single trisomy cases (31 ± 6.1 years). The difference was statistically significant at P = 〈 0.001. The pooled mean gestational age of spontaneous abortions was lower for double trisomy (8.7 ± 2.2 weeks) than for reported single trisomy cases (10.1 ± 2.9 weeks). This difference is also statistically significant at P = 〈 0.001. The sex ratio among double trisomies was 15 females to 13 males. This difference was not statistically significant from the expected 1 : 1.

Electronic Resource

1432-1203

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Abstract Variant chromosomes are polymorphic in areas that are rich in repeat sequences such as the pericentromeric regions or in the acrocentric short arm regions. The dynamic nature of these regions is evident in the polymorphisms they exhibit. In this paper three unusual variants are described: a chromosome 21 with additional material on its short arm, a chromosome 7 with an insertion in the short arm and a chromosome 2 with satellites at the end of the long arm. All three variants were shown to involve acrocentric elements using special banding techniques and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The 21 variant was found to be a tricentric with a 21 and two 15 alpha-, two classical and three acrocentric beta-satellite signals interspersed by AgNOR-positive regions. The telomeres were present at the two terminal ends. The insertion on chromosome 7 was found to be C-band positive and to contain acrocentric beta-satellite DNA. However, acrocentric alpha-satellite, classical satellite, whole-chromosome-painting or all-telomeres sequence probes did not hybridize to the insertion. The satellited region of chromosome 2 had two C-bands, a small positive all-centromeres probe signal, and two signals for the beta-satellite probe. Sandwiched between the beta-satellite sequences was an AgNOR-positive region. The telomeres were present at the two ends of the satellited chromosome 2. Chromosome 2 subtelomeric probes hybridized to the terminal ends of the short and long arm of chromosome 2. The common thread in these three variants is the involvement of acrocentric short arm elements. The acrocentric short arm elements are shown to move to other acrocentric or nonacrocentric chromosomes and relocate to both terminal and interstitial positions. The integrations are stable and heritable.

Electronic Resource

1432-1203

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Abstract. A newborn was found to have an isochromosome for the short arm of chromosome 9, i(9p) and a jumping translocation of the whole long arm. In 94.4% metaphases, 9q was fused to the telomere of chromosome 19p and, in 5.6% of metaphases, 9q was fused to the telomere of chromosome 8p. The net result was trisomy for the short arm of chromosome 9. With the pan telomere probe, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) investigations found an interstitial telomere on the der(19) and der(8). The 9 beta and classical satellite probes gave a signal only on the long arm of chromosome 9 involved in the jumping translocation. The 9 alpha satellite probe hybridized to i(9p) and not to the other derivative chromosomes. A combination of chromosome 9 (red) and chromosome 19 (green) paint probes used to rapidly screen metaphases for the jumping translocation found 88 metaphases had a der(19)t(9;19) and 4metaphases had a der(8)t(8;9). For the first time, the junction of a jumping translocation has been shown to involve the telomere sequence (TTAGGG)n and beta-satellite sequences by FISH. In this paper, we also review the simultaneous occurrence of an isochromosome for the short arm and translocation of the whole long arm and constitutional jumping translocations.

Electronic Resource

1432-1203

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary The kinetics of replication for early and late replicating X chromosomes in karyotypically normal fibroblasts and lymphocytes was studied using terminal bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) treatment followed by Hoechst/light/Giemsa staining. Although the order of band appearance differs between the two tissues, the programme (order and interval between band appearances) for early replicating bands (dark R-bands) is identical in the two homologues. This is probably also the case for later replicating bands (dark G-bands) though the criteria for derermining mean band appearance times are less reliable for these bands when terminal BrdU treatment is used. This means that the late X has a delayed start but thereafter proceeds at the same pace as its early counterpart.

Electronic Resource

1432-2242

Mungbean ; Erysiphe polygoni ; Inheritance Powdery mildew ; Resistance

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract Detached mungbean (Vigna radiata L.Wilczek) leaves were inoculated with a conidial suspension of a local isolate (TI-1) of the powdery mildew pathogen (Erysiphe polygoni DC) under controlled environment conditions. Based on the latent period and severity of the infection, a rating scale of 0–5 was used to classify the host pathogen interactions. Reactions 0, 1 and 2 were considered resistant and referred to as R0, R1 and R2 while 3, 4 and 5 were classified as susceptible (S). RUM lines (resistant to powdery mildew) and their derivatives are crossed with several susceptible (reaction types 3–5) genotypes and the inheritance of the resistance was studied in the F1, F2 and F3 generations. The results showed that powdery mildew resistance in mungbean is governed by two dominant genes designated as Pm-1 and Pm-2. When both Pm-1 and Pm-2 were present, an R0 reaction was observed after inoculation with TI-1. The resistant reaction was R1 when only Pm-1 was present and R2 in the presence of Pm-2. In the absence of both Pm-1 and Pm-2, susceptible reactions 3, 4 and 5 were observed.

Electronic Resource

1612-1112

Gas chromatography ; Sociation constants ; Hydrogen bonding solutes ; Nearly ideal binary solvent theory ; Isosteric solvents

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Summary Gas chromatographic data measured on mixtures of 19,24-dioctadecyldotetracontane, A≡C78, and 18,23-dioctadecyl-1-hentetracontanol, POH, allow the determination of the standard chemical potential of a solute on an ideal stationary phase with primary alcohol groups at ideal dilution. The Nearly Ideal Binary Solvent Theory provides the link between these data and the sociation constant of the solute with the primary alcohol. The method was applied to calculate sociation constants of a series of hydrogen bonding solutes. Results are compared with those determined by spectroscopy and calorimetry.

Electronic Resource

1612-1112

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Electronic Resource

1573-0867

Boronia ; Boronia megastigma Nees ; flower production ; nitrogen nutrition ; nitrogen sources ; nitrogen toxicity

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Abstract Nitrogen was supplied from two fast release sources, ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) and calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) and a slow release source, isobutylidene diurea (IBDU) to boronia, a new flower crop native to Australia. At lower rates (25 kg per ha), N availability from different sources, as indicated by the leaf N concentration, did not differ within a month after application but three months after application, N availability was higher from IBDU than from (NH4)2SO4 or Ca(NO3)2. At 50 or 100 kg per ha, N availability was higher throughout the year from (NH4)2SO4 or Ca(NO3)2 than from IBDU, thereby allowing luxury consumption and causing toxicity. The flower yield increased with increasing N rates. Complete doses of all N rates which were applied early during the vegetative growth gave the highest yields and the same N rates applied in split doses at different phases of plant growth decreased the yields. In addition, high N availability during flowering (caused by a split dose) further decreased the yield. At all application times, IBDU gave the highest yield and the differences in yields with (NH4)2SO4 and Ca(NO3)2 were not significant. The leaf N concentration associated with maximum yield declined as the plant advanced towards flowering.

Electronic Resource

1573-4811

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Electronic Resource

0887-3585

myoglobin ; structure of the active site ; XAFS Debye-Waller factor ; Einstein model ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Medicine

X-ray absorption fine structure experiments were performed to study structural and dynamic aspects of the active site of various forms of myoglobin. The structures determined for deoxyMb, MbCO, and MbO2 are consistent with the structure established by X-ray absorption fine structure experiment and X-ray crystallography. The first shell of ferrous MbNO determined contains 5 nitrogens located at 2.02 Å and a short NO bond length of 1.76 Å. This study focuses on the change of the XAFS Debye-Waller factor with temperature, which is a measure of thermal and static disorder. It was found that the changes of Debye-Waller factor with temperature for the Mb proteins, except deoxyMb, are consistent with a simple Einstein model, in which a single frequency was assumed for the bond stretching modes. In contrast, the temperature dependence of deoxyMb cannot be fitted to the Einstein model and a large disorder was found at low temperatures, which indicates the existence of conformational substates of the active site.

7 Ill.

Electronic Resource

1432-1955

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Abstract The in vitro activity of root-tuber-peel extract of Flemingia vestita, an indigenous plant consumed by the natives in Northeast India, was tested against helminth parasites. Live parasites (nematode: Ascaris suum from pigs, A. lumbricoides from humans, Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum from domestic fowl; cestode: Raillietina echinobothrida from domestic fowl; trematode: Paramphistomum sp. from cattle) were collected in 0.9 % physiological buffered saline (PBS) and maintained at 37 ± 1 °C. In vitro treatment of the parasites with the crude extract (50 mg/ml) in PBS revealed complete immobilization of the trematode and cestode in about 43 and 20 min, respectively. However, the cuticle-covered nematodes did not show any change in physical activity and remained viable even after a long period of exposure to the extract. Exposure of R. echinobothrida to genistein (0.5 mg/ml), an active principle isolated from the root-tuber peel, caused spontaneous loss of movement (paralysis) in 4.5 h, which was slower than the time required for praziquantel, the reference flukicide and cestodicide. The treated parasites showed structural alteration in their tegumental architecture. This study suggests the vermifugal activity of this plant extract against trematodes and cestodes.

Electronic Resource

1612-1112

Gas chromatography ; Chemical potential of solutes ; Ideal dilute solutions ; Effect of size of solvent molecule

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Summary Gas-liquid chromatography allows the rapid experimental determination of the Henry coefficient of molecular probes if a number of precautions are taken. From a knowledge of the temperature dependence of the related standard chemical potential, the standard partial molar enthalpy, entropy and the mean heat capacity difference can be calculated. These functions determine the retention behaviour of the probe over a temperature range of more than 100 K with a precision better than 1%. They also give the necessary information to verify and to develop models for ideal dilute solutions and for the calculation of interaction forces. The choice of specific solvents is examined and justified and the experimental determination of retention data is discussed especially with reference to the precautions to observe in order to measure retention governed by gas-liquid partition only. Calculation of the standard chemical potential related to the molal Henry coefficient is advocated and the dependence of the standard chemical potential on size and shape of the solvent molecule based on data collected on paraffinic stationary phases is examined. This latter function is shown to depend linearly on the inverse of the molar mass of the solvent. Comparison with literature data demonstrates the general validity of this finding and that the shape of the solvent molecule is of less importance.

Electronic Resource

1573-1111

Synthesis ; isomorphous substitution ; XRD ; ion exchange ; catalytic activity ; β-zeolite B and Ga isomorphs

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract The crystalline isomorphs ofβ-zeolite containing boron or gallium in the framework positions have been synthesized and the products characterized by comparing them with Al-β zeolite. Evidence for the presence of B or Ga in the zeolite lattice framework has been confirmed by spectroscopic (XRD, IR and29Si,27Al and11B MASNMR), DTA/TG, ion exchange, sorption and catalytic activity results. Chemical analysis and NMR confirm the absence of any significant amount of Al in the zeolite (SiO2/Al2O3=2000). The XRD pattern of the as-synthesized B-β and Ga-β compounds matched well with that of Al-β zeolite. Lattice B and Ga leads to a change in the X-rayd values. Framework and bridging hydroxyl stretching IR bands ofβ-zeolite are shifted due to incorporation of gallium and boron into the zeolitic framework. MASNMR spectra of11B and29Si also suggest the presence of tetrahedrally coordinated B(III) or Ga(III) ions in theβ-zeolite framework. B and Gaβ-zeolites exhibit significant ion exchange capacity and catalytic activity in them-xylene isomerization reaction. The shifts in the IR bands towards higher frequency in B-β and lower frequency in Ga-β, the observed ion exchange capacities and catalytic properties, indicate the presence of B3+ or Ga3+ ions in the framework ofβ-zeolite.

Electronic Resource

1573-1111

Large port mordenite ; gallium silicates ; isomorphous substitution by Ga

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract A high silica (SiO2/Ga2O3 = 42) crystalline mordenite containing gallium (III) in framework positions has been prepared by hydrothermal crystallization at 413 K in the presence of tetraethylammonium bromide. Evidence for the presence of framework gallium in the mordenite lattice is obtained from chemical analysis, XRD, framework IR, solid state MASNMR, thermoanalytical studies, sorption and catalytic activity studies. Chemical analysis and NMR data indicate the absence of significant amounts of aluminium (SiO2/Al2O3 〉 2400). An increase in the interplanar spacing and unit cell volume as well as a shift to lower wavenumbers of framework vibrations occurs on gallium incorporation in the mordenite lattice. Ga-mordenite exhibited significant ion exchange capacity. The gallium analogue of mordenite exhibited significant catalytic activity and shape selectivity in the isomerization reaction ofm-xylene.

Electronic Resource