Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:K. Miyake)

2018-06-23

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

2375-2548

Natural Sciences in General

2013-07-28

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Caspases/biosynthesis ; Cholera Toxin/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Escherichia coli/immunology ; Escherichia coli Infections/genetics/immunology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Inflammasomes/*immunology ; Lipid A/genetics/*immunology ; Macrophages/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mutation ; Salmonella Infections/immunology ; Salmonella typhimurium/immunology ; Sepsis/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/*immunology

2013-03-23

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Amino Acid Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Imidazoles/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Quinolines/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Thiazoles/chemistry/*metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 8/*agonists/*chemistry/metabolism

2015-02-18

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Base Sequence ; CpG Islands/*immunology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/*immunology

2012-09-29

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Adenoviridae Infections/*immunology/metabolism/virology ; Adenoviruses, Human/genetics/*immunology/*metabolism ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Capsid Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Factor X/chemistry/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hepatocytes/virology ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Macrophages/metabolism/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Mutation ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Virus Internalization

2018-10-10

American Physical Society (APS)

1098-0121

1095-3795

Physics

Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems

2018-03-09

Oxford University Press

0953-8178

1460-2377

Medicine

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

A nanocontact structure (typically 22×34 nm2) between two NiFe wires was fabricated by an electron-beam lithography and a lift-off method, and the magnetoresistance was measured. The magnetization switching process was artificially controlled by engineering the sample geometry to realize a magnetic structure with a single domain wall (DW) trapped in the nanocontact area. This domain structure was confirmed by magnetic force microscopy observations. The magnetization rotation of 180° was realized within the nanocontact area. The contribution of the DW to the resistance was negative, which can be understood on the basis of anisotropic magnetoresistance. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7623

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

A volume production type microwave negative ion source has been developed for negative ion beam processes such as ion implantation and ion beam deposition, etc. In order to increase efficiency of negative oxygen ion production, we employed a double plasma cell system in which two plasma cells were connected to each other. A high density primary plasma was generated in the first plasma cell with 2.45 GHz microwave power and negative ions were effectively generated in the second plasma cell. A filter magnetic field of about 0.1 T was applied on the second plasma cell to prevent diffusion of high energy electrons from the first plasma cell. Oxygen negative ion beams were generated by this method and the maximum oxygen (O−) ion current of 142 μA (current density: 325 μA/cm2) was extracted continuously from the ion source at an extraction voltage of 30 kV and a microwave power of 500 W. This value was three orders larger than that obtained by a single plasma cell system without the filter magnetic field. Molecular oxygen ions (O−2 and O−3) were also obtained at percentages of about 20% and 2% of the major O− ion intensity. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Transient capacitance methods were used to analyze traps occurring in unintentionally doped n-type GaN grown by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy. Studies by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and isothermal capacitance transient spectroscopy indicated the presence of three majority-carrier traps occurring at discrete energies below the conduction band with activation energies (eV) ΔE1=0.264±0.01, ΔE2=0.580±0.017, and ΔE3=0.665±0.017. The single-crystal films of GaN were grown on GaN formed by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition and on sputter-deposited ZnO; a similar deep-level structure was found in both types of samples. Pulse-width modulation tests using DLTS to determine the capture rates of the traps showed that the capture process is nonexponential, perhaps due to the high trap concentration. The origins of the deep levels are discussed in light of secondary-ion-mass-spectroscopy analysis and group theory results in the literature.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

We have utilized the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope to perturb a specific local structure (the C defect) of Si(100) at 80 K, and observed the dynamical symmetric(if and only if)buckled transition of the surrounding dimers. The observed large-scale transition implies that the configuration of the dimers is determined by a detailed balance among many elastic long-range forces generated by the surrounding C defects. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Preparation and properties of the dc reactively sputtered tungsten oxide films have been investigated in relation to the oxygen concentration in sputtering atmosphere. The films with 1500–20 700 A(ring) thickness were deposited on the glass substrates maintained at 200 °C by dc reactive sputtering from a metallic tungsten target under a constant operating pressure of 6.5×10−2 Torr in Ar-1%–30% O2 gas mixture. The films formed in an Ar-3%–20% O2 gas mixture are crystalline WO3, and have an electrical resistivity of 107–1011 Ω cm which is dependent on the oxygen concentration of the sputtering atmosphere. These films have a spectral transmittance above 80% in the visible and near-infrared regions, and optical band gap of the films ranges from 3.15 to 2.98 eV, depending on the oxygen concentration. Densities of the film deposited in Ar-3% O2 and in Ar-20% O2 gas mixtures are 5.85 g/cm3 and 6.65 g/cm3, respectively. Electrochemichromic properties of the transparent-crystalline WO3 films were studied using asymmetric cells, and were found to be dependent on the crystal orientation of the films. The films with the orientation of WO3 (020) and WO3 (021) formed in an Ar-3%–6% O2 gas mixture have a very good electrochromic property, and the cells composed of the crystalline WO3 films have a higher coloration rate than the cells composed of the vacuum-evaporated amorphous film. The films with the orientation of WO3 (001) and WO3 (021) formed in an Ar-8%–20% O2 gas mixture were found to have a poor electrochromic property.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The physical and electrochemical coloration characteristics of tungsten oxide films rf sputtered from a compressed powder WO3 target have been investigated. Oxide films with 3600–9800 A(ring) thickness were deposited on substrates maintained at 200 °C at a total pressure of 0.5–8×10−2 Torr in Ar gas or an Ar-0.5-50% O2 gas mixture. Physical properties of the oxide films depend on the oxygen concentration and total pressure of the sputtering atmosphere. The films prepared at 4×10−2 Torr in a mixture of Ar-0.5-20% O2 gas are transparent and amorphous, and their electrical resistivity ranges from 6.5×108 to 2.4×1011 Ω cm. The films prepared at pressures between 4 and 6×10−2 Torr in an Ar-50% O2 gas mixture are transparent, and have crystallites with a composition of WO3. The films prepared at 1×10−2 Torr in a mixture of Ar-0.5 and 5.0% O2 gas are blue colored and transparent, respectively, and these films are crystallites with a composition of WO2.83. Electrochemichromic properties of the rf sputtered tungsten oxide films depend on the film structure, or on the sputtering conditions under which the films are prepared. The amorphous and crystalline WO3 films formed at a high total pressure of 3–8×10−2 Torr have good electrochemichromic properties and are colored deep blue. However, the crystalline WO2.83 films formed at a low total pressure of 0.5–1.5×10−2 Torr have poor electrochemichromic properties and are hardly colored. The amorphous oxide films with resistivity of 108–109 Ω cm and low density of ∼6.0 g/cm3, formed at a deposition rate higher than ∼100 A(ring)/min, have very good coloration characteristics. The optical properties and density of the oxide films are also described.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Ordinary corn kernel endosperm is composed of horny and floury portions. Corn varieties having different endosperm were investigated. Their chemical composition was almost identical, but in tissue structure the floury endosperm is soft and the horny endosperm is hard. The starch isolated from floury endosperm is easier to gelatinize, and higher in viscosity, swelling value, and α-amylase digestibility than the starch from horny endosperm. The floury endosperm is superior to the horny endosperm in such baking products as bread and cookies.

Electronic Resource

0167-4781

(S. coelicolor A3(2)) ; (S. griseus) ; Nucleotide sequence ; NusG ; SecE

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Physics

Electronic Resource

0020-1693

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Electronic Resource

1365-2036

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastric mucosal injury is controversial.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To examine the effect of the interaction between H. pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on gastric mucosal injury.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori were treated with indometacin at 8 mg/kg for 2 days or 7 days. Mucosal damage was assessed by macroscopic and histological examination, and myeloperoxidase activity was measured as an index of neutrophil infiltration. The expression levels of cyclo-oxygenase proteins were determined by Western blot analysis and cyclo-oxygenase activity.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:A 2-day course of indometacin did not cause an increase in gastric damage in H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils compared to uninfected gerbils, while a 7-day course of indometacin caused additive gastric damage in H. pylori-infected animals. H. pylori infection induced cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression in the stomach. Treatment with indometacin for 2 days did not significantly affect cyclo-oxygenase activity in H. pylori-infected animals, while treatment for 7 days inhibited both cyclo-oxygenase-1 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 activities. Pre-treatment with a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor aggravated mucosal injury in H. pylori-infected animals treated or not treated with indometacin for 2 days.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Our results suggest that cyclo-oxygenase-2 protein induced by H. pylori infection may be involved in the defence of the gastric mucosa against damage caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Therefore, inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase-2 activity may enhance non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-caused gastric damage in H. pylori-infected animals.

Electronic Resource

1365-2036

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Helicobacter pylori eradication markedly improves histological inflammation and decreases peptic ulcer recurrence, but little is known about the subsequent development of gastric mucosal injury.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To investigate whether acid suppression treatment after eradication influences the development of gastric erosions.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Eighty-one patients (gastritis or peptic ulcer) after successful H. pylori eradication were divided into two groups: 40 received an H2-blocker for 6 months (H2-blocker-positive) and 41 received no treatment (H2-blocker-negative). Endoscopy was performed before, and at 3 and 6 months after completion of eradication.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Cumulative prevalence of gastric erosions in the H2-blocker-positive group was significantly lower than in the H2-blocker-negative group, 25% vs. 42%, respectively. In the H2-blocker-negative group but not the H2-blocker-positive group, the cumulative prevalence of gastric erosions after eradication was higher in patients with less severe corpus atrophy or more severe corpus gastritis.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Development of gastric erosions after H. pylori eradication may be controlled by acid suppression treatment. Less severe atrophy or more severe gastritis in oxyntic glands before eradication may be involved in the development of gastric erosions. These results support the idea that recovery of acid secretion may be one of factors for development of gastric mucosal erosions after successful eradication.

Electronic Resource

1365-2036

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that mesothelial cells contribute to the control of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity by secreting prostaglandins. A study has shown that cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 knockout mice die partly as a result of peritonitis. Aim: To investigate the expression and location of COX in peritonitis associated with peptic ulcer perforation. Methods: Gastric and duodenal tissues were collected intraoperatively from nine and four patients, respectively, and immunohistochemical staining for COX-1 and COX-2 was performed. Results: Histologically, all patients had severe peritonitis around the perforation sites, into which many inflammatory cells and fibroblasts had infiltrated, and reactive mesothelial cells exhibited hyperplastic change. The COX-1 protein was not detected, whereas COX-2 was abundant in reactive mesothelial cells near the perforation site and disappeared away from the site. Macrophages and fibroblasts around the perforation site also revealed immunostaining for COX-2. Conclusions: Our results showed that COX-2 protein is induced in mesothelial cells, as well as in macrophages and fibroblasts, in inflamed peritoneal tissues associated with peptic ulcer perforation, suggesting involvement of COX-2 in tissue repair.

Electronic Resource

1365-2036

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background : There is a lack of evidence for the efficacy of preventive medications for peptic ulcers (PUs) among long-term users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in Japan.Aim : To estimate the preventive effect by normal dose, not high-dose histamine-H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) for NSAID-induced ulcers.Methods : We designed two different studies to assess the efficacy of anti-ulcer agents in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients treated over a long term with NSAIDs. An investigative survey divided patients into those not taking anti-ulcer agents (non-medication group); those taking mucosal protective agents (mucosal protectant group), H2RA (H2RA group), proton pump inhibitors (PPI group), or a prostaglandin E1 analog (PG) (PG group). The second study compared prospectively the preventive effects of either famotidine 20 mg bd (famotidine group) or lansoprazole 15 mg daily (lansoprazole group) in patients with PU scars.Results : The prevalence of PU in the H2RA group was significantly lower compared to the mucosal protectant group (P 〈 0.05), and the mucosal protectant group was not significantly different to the non-medication group. The prospective study revealed that the PU onset rate of the famotidine group was 8% (1/13), and lansoprazole group was 15% (2/13), indicating no significant differences between the two.Conclusions : In Japan, normal-dose H2RA is expected to be a new PU preventive treatment strategy in patients requiring long-term NSAID therapy.

Electronic Resource