Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:K. M. Smith)

2014-07-22

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Carrier State/drug therapy/virology ; DNA, Viral/analysis/biosynthesis/blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Kinetics ; Macaca mulatta/immunology/*virology ; Male ; Proviruses/genetics ; RNA, Viral/blood ; Rectum/virology ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/immunology/*virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/drug effects/*growth & ; development/immunology/physiology ; Time Factors ; Treatment Failure ; *Viral Load/drug effects ; Viremia/drug therapy/*virology ; Virus Replication/drug effects

2015-07-04

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

AIDS Vaccines/*immunology ; Adenovirus Vaccines/*immunology ; Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Female ; Gene Products, env/*immunology ; Gene Products, gag/immunology ; Gene Products, pol/immunology ; Genetic Vectors/immunology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics/immunology ; Immunization, Secondary ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; SAIDS Vaccines/*immunology ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology

2013-11-01

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral/blood ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Macaca mulatta ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*therapy ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Viremia/therapy

2018-04-14

The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

0022-538X

1098-5514

Medicine

2018-03-16

American Heart Association (AHA)

1942-325X

1942-3268

Medicine

Arrhythmias, Gene Expression & Regulation, Functional Genomics

2018-12-21

American Physical Society (APS)

0556-2813

1089-490X

Physics

Nuclear Structure

1089-7666

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Double-pulsed Mie scattering studies were performed to characterize the evolution of large-scale structures embedded within a planar supersonic base flow. Images were obtained at several streamwise stations along the shear layers, at reattachment, and in the near-wake regions. From these time-correlated images, the evolution characteristics of the large-scale structures were examined over a range of nondimensional time delays, as defined by local integral length and velocity scales. The double-pulsed images indicated that for short time delays (i.e., less than the representative eddy rollover time), the structures exhibited a simple translation in the streamwise direction. As the time delay was increased, rotation and elongation of the structures were observed in addition to the translation feature. Time delays that appreciably exceeded the local eddy rollover time generally resulted in a dramatic loss of structure identity. No eddy interactions, such as pairing, were observed at any of the imaging locations. Images obtained near reattachment provided evidence of shocklets moving in concert with the local eddies. In the initial portions of the shear layers, the mean convection velocity was measured to be significantly higher than the isentropic estimate, which is consistent with the results of previous convection velocity studies using mixing layers composed of supersonic/subsonic freestream combinations. The eddies decelerate through the recompression and reattachment regions, presumably due to the influence of the adverse pressure gradient. Downstream of reattachment, the large-scale structures accelerate as the wake develops. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Length/weight relationships are described for 16 species of tropical freshwater fishes. Two important morphological groups are recognized (“flattened” and “heavy-bodied”) along with two species of eel-like fish. Common regression equations are given.

Electronic Resource

1089-7666

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Planar visualizations of two compressible free shear layers were performed immediately downstream of centered expansions of differing strengths in order to assess the influence of expansion strength on the embedded large-scale structures. The free shear layers studied here were formed through the separation of an approach flow, either a Mach 2.0 stream or a Mach 2.5 stream, from a planar backstep. In addition to side-view and end-view visualizations, spatial correlations (computed from large image ensembles) and laser Doppler velocimetry surveys of the free shear layers were also examined to discern relationships between the structure dynamics and the underlying pre- and postexpansion velocity fields. The instantaneous images clearly illustrate that ellipsoidal, highly coherent structures were present in both shear layers downstream of the expansion corner. The dissimilar expansion strengths did not appear to produce qualitatively different structures in the shear layers; however, as compared to the weaker expansion, the stronger expansion did result in an increase in the growth rate of the large-scale structures, apparently from an augmentation of the 〈u′v′〉∂U/∂y production term in the TKE equation. Furthermore, quantitative measurements of the mean structure geometry, as determined from the spatial correlation fields, revealed that a stronger expansion strength resulted in a larger aspect ratio of the mean structures (i.e., the structures were stretched preferentially in the streamwise and transverse directions as compared to the spanwise direction during the expansion process). Quadrant decompositions of the instantaneous velocity fluctuations within the approach boundary layers and within the free shear layers indicated a definite increase in structure organization across the expansion region, which is in contrast with studies of expanded supersonic boundary layers without separation. The instantaneous image data, spatial correlations, and velocity decompositions uniformly suggest that the separation process itself, and not the expansion strength, is the primary influence on initial eddy structure in the postexpansion free shear layer. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1749-6632

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Up to 30 species of fish were generally found in medium-sized rainforest streams in Sabah, Malaysia. However, depauperate fish communities were found in two streams above large (〉8 m) waterfalls (five and nine species) and in two very small streams located in deep forest (five and six species). A fifth stream with small cascades and waterfalls had a faunal list of 12 species. Species resident above waterfalls were predominantly herbivores while fishes in the two forest streams were from a variety of trophic groups. Abundance and biomass of fishes above waterfalls were significantly lower than all other sites. A translocation experiment was performed in one stream to distinguish between the hypotheses that fish communities above waterfalls were determined solely by colonization ability and were unsaturated with species or that they were limited by habitat quality or food. Seven species (775 individuals) were trans located into one isolated section and four species (570 individuals) into another. Species that were trans located included trophic groups that were not represented by resident species. Twelve months after translocation, only four and one trans located species were collected in the two sections, all at greatly reduced densities. After 20 months, the number of species were three and two, respectively. One trans located species, Rasbora sumatrana, had increased in abundance from 12 months and juveniles were present in the population. Individuals of other trans located species appeared to be remnants of stocked populations. Abundance and biomass of resident species fluctuated widely between years. Interpretation of results was complicated by a large flood which substantially changed habitat conditions about a month after translocations were performed. It is suggested that two different factors were responsible for depauperate communities: movement barriers for waterfall sites and physicochemical conditions and/or habitat availability at other sites.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Distinct fish assemblages were found at the mesohabitat scale in 14 streams in eastern Sabah, Malaysia. Sites were designated a priori as pool, run or riffle on the basis of physical habitat structure and properties. Principal components analysis of physical habitat data confirmed the validity of the a priori designation with a major axis of three correlated variables: water velocity, depth and substratum type. Canonical discriminant analysis on fish abundance and biomass data confirmed the existence of a specialized assemblage of fishes from riffle areas of all streams. Overall, pool and run assemblages were highly variable, dependent on stream size, but also variable between streams of the same size. Multiple regression of species richness, diversity, abundance and biomass data on principal components revealed significant but low correlations with measured habitat variables. Riffle habitats showed lower species richness and diversity but high abundance. The fish assemblage in riffles was dominated by balitorid species, specialized for fast-water conditions. Pool assemblages had the highest species diversity and were dominated by cyprinid species of a number of morphological and ecological guilds. Run assemblages were intermediate in assemblage characteristics between riffle and pool assemblages. Between-stream variation in assemblage composition was less than within-stream variation. Of 38 species collected, seven could be designated as riffle specialists, 18 as pool specialists and 13 as ubiquitous, although most of the latter showed size-specific habitat use with larger size classes found in slower, deeper water.

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Growth hormone (GH) was applied to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr (the pre-migratory freshwater life stage) to manipulate growth potential experimentally and to elucidate the effects on dominance status, actual growth, exploratory activity and home range. Experiments were conducted using seven groups of eight parr from May to September of two successive years. The fish were tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags), tested for dominance, and then held in an enclosed section of a natural stream which was fitted with an array of PIT tag detectors to record space use at a definition of c. 2 m. Relationships between dominance rank, space use and growth were established over 2 weeks. The four lowest ranking fish in each group were then given a slow-release GH implant while the other fish received a placebo. The GH stimulated increase in fork length (LF) and mass and decrease in condition factor due to the relatively greater increase in LF. There was, however, an interaction between GH-stimulated increase in growth and season, with the hormone having an effect only during the early part of the summer. Regardless of treatment, fish that moved most around their home range grew fastest. Increased growth in GH-treated fish was associated with an increase in growth per unit movement, not increased total movement. This suggested that GH-treated fish increased their rate of short-distance (〈2 m) foraging movements. Overall, space use, measured in terms of home range size and time allocation throughout the range, did not vary consistently in response to application of GH. There was a strong correlation between the weighted centre of the home range (a measure of position within the enclosure) before and after treatment, irrespective of whether fish were given GH or a placebo. The study shows that when density is low relative to carrying capacity, GH stimulates increased dominance and growth in a near-natural environment without having measurable effects on space use at a definition of c. 2 m. The results are interpreted as suggesting that high dominance status gives no significant growth advantage in a highly competitive situation, but increases foraging rate when food is abundant. Increased foraging appears to result from local changes in time budgeting rather than variations in the extent of home range and larger-scale movements within it. Thus, in areas with declining wild Atlantic salmon populations where the habitat is unsaturated and food is abundant, introduced domestic Atlantic salmon may be competitively superior.

Electronic Resource

1439-0426

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Lake sturgeon larval drift is not uniform in time or space and subsequent efforts to determine the relative abundance have suffered because of the lack of information during this early life history period. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the early life history of lake sturgeon, determine the extent and duration of lake sturgeon larval drift, and examine this relationship to water flow and temperature in the Upper Black River, Michigan. This study also compares the results of other studies to further evaluate the dispersion of larvae. Larval production was quantified using drift nets anchored to the stream bottom from May to June in 2000–2002. Larval drift nets captured 780 larvae in 2000; 2975 larvae in 2001; and 2041 larvae in 2002. For the 2000, 2001, and 2002 spawning season, we estimated that 7107 (95% CL: ± 1470), 17 409 (95% CL: ± 5163), and 15 820 (95% CL: ± 3168) larval lake sturgeon were produced in the Upper Black River (UBR), respectively. Catch per unit effort values of drifting larvae were greatest after peak water flows, with most larvae captured in the middle of the river channel. A mean daily water temperature above 16°C was an important environmental stimulus that influenced peak larval dispersion away from spawning sites. The results of this study suggested that natural reproduction was still occurring in the Black Lake system.

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] THE urobilins are dipyrrylmethene compounds joined at the two a-pyrrolyl positions by way of methylene bridges to either pyrrolenone or pyrrolidone rings1. An optically inactive urobilin, usually designated i-urobilin or urobilin IXa, is formed by the dehydrogenation of mesobilirubinogen, the ...

Electronic Resource

1432-1238

Key words Oxygen consumption ; Mechanical ventilation ; Synchronized ventilation ; Respiratory distress syndrome

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Objective: We tested the hypothesis that synchronization to patient effort during intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV), when compared to conventional unsynchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV), will decrease energy

Electronic Resource

1432-1114

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Abstract This paper describes the development of a technique used to determine the convection velocity of large-scale turbulent structures captured in time-correlated images. The crux of the procedure centers on a cross-correlation routine that is used to determine the convection distance of eddies during the time separation between the image acquisitions. The convection velocity is then estimated as the convection distance divided by the time separation of the image-pair. This cross-correlation routine is capable of analyzing very large data sets in a completely automated manner, thereby improving the accuracy and objectivity of the results over manual or partially automated procedures. Guidelines for optimizing the experimental and computational components of this technique are also presented.

Electronic Resource

1432-1998

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Renal cortical cysts were demonstrated by computerized tomography and ultrasound in a patient with cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome who did not have patellar calcifications.

Electronic Resource

1434-6052

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract Mass limits are presented for various supersymmetric particles: scalar partners of electrons, muons, taus and quarks; photinos, winos and zinos. They were obtained from the analysis of an exposure of 48.6 pb−1 of the CELLO detector at the PETRAe + e − storage ring up to a center of mass energy of 46.8 GeV. Special attention has been given to the case where the photino is assumed to be the lightest supersymmetric particle, but other possibilities have also been considered.

Electronic Resource

1434-6052

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract The three reactionse +e−→e +e−e+e−,e + e -→e + e -μ+μ- ande + e -→μ+μ-μ+ μ- have been studied using the CELLO detector at PETRA. The data correspond to 130 pb−1 collected at energies ranging from 35 GeV to 46.8 GeV. A detailed analysis of the distribution of the observed events in phase space shows good agreement with QED to order α4.

Electronic Resource