Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:K. Kawasaki)

2014-04-11

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Antigens, CD1d/*immunology ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Colitis/immunology/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epithelial Cells/*immunology/metabolism ; Female ; HSP110 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal/*immunology ; Inflammation/immunology/pathology ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology/pathology ; Interleukin-10/genetics/*immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/*cytology/*immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology/metabolism ; Oxazolone ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism

2018-10-26

American Physical Society (APS)

0031-9007

1079-7114

Physics

Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.

2018-11-30

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

2041-1723

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

1089-7623

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

Taking advantage of the high brightness of synchrotron radiation, changes in the microstructure of silicon steel sheets in the secondary recrystallization process at 1233 K were measured by consecutive recording of the pole figure using a newly developed system consisting of the x-ray diffractometer and the translating imaging plate and by real-time observation of Laue topographic pattern using two kinds of TV camera. It was shown that {110} 〈001〉 oriented grains grew, after a certain incubation period of time, at a burst and occupied most of the sample volume. There was an appreciable anisotropy in the migration of the recrystallization front. When tensile strain was applied to the sample, growth of the {110} 〈001〉 oriented grains was appreciably delayed.

Electronic Resource

1089-7623

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

The experimental apparatus was developed for electrical resistivity measurements of liquid metals and alloys under microgravity due to the launch of rocket; whole assembly, contained in the small space of 360 mm(length)×360 mm(width)×97 mm(height), was composed of the cell box, the electronic circuit box, and the battery box. The cell for electrical resistivity measurements due to the dc four probe method was made of Ti metal because of its strength and no reaction to corrosive liquid alloys at high temperatures. The application of this method was made successfully to the measurement of electrical resistivity for liquid Bi–Ga alloys with critical mixing both under gravity condition and under microgravity condition due to the launch of the rocket. The far larger temperature coefficients of resistivity were observed near the critical point. This may indicate the appearance of larger concentration fluctuations under microgravity. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The thermal diffusivity, and specific heat, of polyethylene (76% crystallinity) containing dispersed particles (1%–15% volume fraction) of SiO2 (diameter d=7,16,40 nm; 1,5,10 μm), Fe (d=27 nm), Cu (d=53 nm), and Ag (d=140 nm) have been measured using the laser flash method, and the thermal relaxation method, in the temperature range of 4.2–300 K, and the thermal conductivity was derived from the two quantities. The thermal conductivity was decreased by the addition of particles, and the decrease was more remarkable at lower temperatures for smaller particles. The boundary thermal resistance between the particles and the medium was derived from the change of conductivity due to the nm-diameter dispersed particles. The boundary resistance was independent of the size and the volume fraction of the particles, and was shown to be inversely proportional to the phonon specific heat of particle-dispersed medium in over a wide range of temperatures. The phonon Debye temperature and the strength of the boundary thermal resistance were determined by analyzing the data, and obtained results were quite reasonable. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Retinal derivatives were synthesized and their third-order nonlinear optical properties were measured by degenerate four-wave mixing with temporally incoherent nanosecond laser pulses. Fast optical nonlinearities, whose response time was shorter than 30 ps, were observed. The magnitudes of resonant third-order hyperpolarizability were found to be 10−31∼10−29 esu. The large optical nonlinearities were of electronic origin.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

We have investigated interactions between the localized states in a single quantum well (SQW) embedded in the center of a superlattice (SL) and the Wannier–Stark ladder states in the SL by low temperature photocurrent (PC) spectroscopy using numerical differentiation for an analysis of the measured PC spectra. It is found that the PC spectra show drastic changes of transition energies and oscillator strengths due to resonances between the SQW localized states and the extended SL Stark ladder states. We demonstrate high sensitivity of PC spectroscopy by introducing the differentiated spectra and gray-scale representation. Based on transfer matrix calculations of the eigen energies and wave function overlap integrals, the observed anticrossings and delocalization phenomena are rigorously explained. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Resonant nonlinear optical response was measured in a crystalline cyanine dye MPER, 5-(5-morpholino-2,4-pentadienilydene)-3-ethylrhodanine, which had a broad reflection band due to large oscillator strength of an electronic excited state in the visible wavelength region. Nonlinear optical response measured by the change of reflectivity under optical pumping at the wavelength of the peak of the excited state was composed of fast and slow components. Response time of the fast component was less than 4 ps and its nonlinear optical coefficient χ(3) was evaluated to be (5±2)×10−15 m2/V2 [(4±2)×10−7 esu], which was one of the largest among organic materials.

Electronic Resource

1460-2695

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Abstract— The factors affecting the fatigue strength of nitrided titanium were clarified. The fatigue strength depended strongly on the fracture strength of the compound layer formed on the surface by nitriding. We found a Hall-Petch relationship between the fatigue strength of nitrided titanium and the grain size. The findings indicated that the reduction in the fatigue strength by nitriding results from both the formation of the compound layer possessing low fracture strength and grain growth occurring from ordinary nitriding. Furthermore, low-temperature nitriding (620°C, 24 h) was proposed to suppress grain growth. This treatment method improved not only the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance but also the fatigue strength of titanium.

Electronic Resource

1089-7666

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

A numerical analysis of supersonic nozzle flows of gas–particle mixtures is described. A time-dependent technique is applied to solve a two-phase inviscid flow through an axially symmetric nozzle. The two-step MacCormack algorithm is used for the gas-phase flow and the method of characteristics is applied to the particle-phase flow. Attention is mainly focused on the location of the limiting particle streamline. The numerical results are compared with the theoretical results obtained previously and also with experiments.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

We have experimentally studied photocurrent (PC) spectral features of a relatively thick barrier multiple quantum well (MQW) p-i-n diode at 18 and 80 K as a function of axial electric field. It is found that PC spectra do not always reflect the photoabsorption spectral line shape under the low field condition and show negative peaks at the exciton resonance wavelengths. These PC dips are qualitatively explained by considering the distribution of photogenerated carriers within the intrinsic region and competition between carrier transit and recombination times. Furthermore, the dominance of electron-tunneling transport for the low temperature PC mechanism explains enhanced negative peaks in the PC spectra at 80 K when the tunneling assisted drift is reduced. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1600-0765

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Activated T lymphocytes constitute a major component of inflammatory cells in the early periodontal lesion, and also appear in the gingival crevicular fluid. In an attempt to clarify the relationship between the ICAM-1 (CD54) expression of pocket epithelium in gingiva and the infiltrating lymphocyte population, we carried out an analysis of CD11a+ (LFA-lα), CD25+ (IL-2Rα) and CD4+ (Th) cells subjacent to ICAM-1-expressing pocket epithelia and CD11a+ CD25+CD4+ cells in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). GCF was collected by crevicular washing from 16 patients with periodontitis (P group) and 3 subjects with healthy gingiva (H group). Peripheral blood (PB) was collected at the same time. Mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll-paque gradient centrifugation from GCF and PB. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to CD11a, CD25, and CD4 were used for three-color flow cytometry. Gingival biopsies were obtained from 7 patients in P group and 3 subjects in H group. Serial cryostat sections (6 μm in thickness) were prepared from each biopsy, on which a double staining was performed. The number of CD11a+ CD25+ CD4+ cells and the fluorescence intensity of FITC conjugated anti-CD 11a were significantly higher in GCF than in PB (p≤0.001 to p≤0.01). CD11a+ CD25+CD4+ cells were not detected in GCF in H group. The pocket epithelia expressed CD54 in P group, but not in H group. The number of CD11a+, CD25+ and CD4+cells infiltrating the connective tissue subjacent to the upper, middle and lower parts of the CD54 positive pocket epithelium (n=16) was 141±26, 38±13, 144±29 (cells/0.04 mm2), respectively, whereas in the CD54 negative pocket epithelium, it was (n=5) 9±2, 3±1, 8±3. In P group, the CD11a+CD25+CD4+cell number in GCF correlated with CD25+, CD11a+cells in the connective tissue subjacent to the CD54+pocket epithelium. These results indicate that expression of ICAM-1 in pocket epithelium is relevant to the migration of CD11a, CD25, CD4 positive cells in connective tissue subjacent to the pocket epithelium into the periodontal pocket. Assessing the relationship of our findings and other adhesion molecules would offer important clues to the understanding of T cell migration in affected gingiva.

Electronic Resource

1600-0765

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Objective:  We examined the effect of the pretreatment of roots with alendronate on the restoration of the support function of the healing periodontal ligament in replanted rat molars.Methods:  The left maxillary first molars were extracted, placed in 0.9% NaCl containing 1 mm alendronate (alendronate group) or 0.9% NaCl (control group) for 5 min, and were replanted into their sockets. Groups of animals were killed at 7, 14, and 21 days after replantation. Normal control rats were also killed on the same days. The force required to extract the replanted or normal tooth from its socket was measured, and a load–deformation curve was developed and analyzed. Micro-computed tomography and histologic analyses were also made.Results:  The mechanical properties of the healing periodontal ligament in the alendronate group were gradually restored from 7 to 21 days. However, fractures of the roots and bones during mechanical testing occurred in most of the replanted teeth in the control group at 21 days. The rates of restoration of the mechanical strength, extensibility, stiffness, and toughness for the alendronate group at 21 days were 67, 98, 74, and 68% of the normal controls, respectively. Micro-computed tomography and histologic observations revealed that bone-like structures within the pulp and ankylosis between the roots and socket bones occurred commonly in the control group, but were uncommon in the alendronate group.Conclusions:  Our findings suggest that the pretreatment with alendronate inhibits the formation of abnormal mineralized tissues and results in better restoration of the support function of the healing periodontal ligament in replanted teeth.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

: A bacterium, which was isolated from fish-sauce mush (moromi) of frigate mackerel and identified as Staphylococcus xylosus, could change notes of an odor in fish sauce made in Thailand. Volatile compounds of the fish sauce after incubation at 32 °C for 24 d with the cultured bacterium were analyzed by gas chromatogra-phy. Although the contents of 2-ethylpyridine and dimethyl trisulfide were reduced during the incubation, 4 volatile compounds, including 2-methylpronal, 2-methylbutanal, 2-pentanone, and 3-(methylthio)propanal, showed no significant quantity changes. On the other hand, although 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2,6-dimethylpyrazine were markedly increased, 3-methylbutanoic acid was slightly increased. As a result of sensory evaluation, fishy, sweaty, fecal, and rancid notes of the fish sauce treated with the bacterium were all weaker than those of the nontreated fish sauce. No changes were found with respect to burnt, cheesy, meaty, and ammoniacal notes between fish sauce treated with the bacterium and that without treatment. Taken together, the odor of fish sauce was much improved by treatment with the isolated bacterium.

Electronic Resource

1365-2842

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a chemically cured denture relining material after 1-year service period. A powder–liquid material designed for denture base relining (Tokuso Rebase Normal-set, Tokuyama Corp., Tokyo, Japan.) was assessed. Fifty adult patients, who required denture reline treatment, participated in the current project. Adaptation of each denture was examined with a silicone elastomeric material, and the surface to be relined was reduced by means of a rotary cutting instrument, then conditioned with dichloromethane. The relining material was spatulated, poured into the relining area, inserted and adjusted after setting. Each relined denture was subjected to base line evaluation immediately after relining and end evaluation after 1 year. Standardized criteria were used for direct evaluation of the material. After an observation period of 1 year, the rate of the relining cases considered to be in clinically ideal condition (Alfa) was 90% for staining, 90% for discoloration, 94% for peeling, 96% for adaptation and 100% for irritation to oral tissue. Only one case was judged as clinically unacceptable (Charlie), and this was for staining. On the basis of a 1-year observation, the Tokuso Rebase material is considered to be a clinically reliable hard denture relining agent.

Electronic Resource

1365-2842

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

summary  The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the clinical performance of two composite materials used for filling anterior cavity preparations. A total of 100 class V cavities of anterior tooth were restored with two different composite materials (Palfique Estelite and Palfique Toughwell, 50 cavities each, respectively) in combination with the same bonding agent (Mac Bond II). Colour match, cavosurface marginal discolouration, recurrent caries, wear, marginal integrity and surface texture were evaluated clinically for all restorations on the basis of the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria immediately after insertion (baseline), after 6 months and after 1 year. In the comparison of baseline to 1-year evaluation, the Palfique Toughwell material showed significant changes in all factors except recurrent caries. The Palfique Estelite material, however, showed neither significant cavosurface marginal discolouration nor recurrent caries. No significant difference (P 〉 0ḃ05) was observed between the two materials in clinical performance after 1 year, with the exception of caries rate, which was found to be significantly lower in the Palfique Estelite material. It was concluded that both composites were clinically reliable materials when used for anterior class V restorations.

Electronic Resource

1365-2559

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Glomerular epithelial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia are listed as the primary criteria for the diagnosis of collapsing glomerulopathy (CG), a distinct variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. However, the extent of podocyte phenotypic alterations that occur in CG, and the origin of the hyperplastic epithelial cells remain to be established.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and resultsRenal biopsy materials from seven out of three patients with CG were studied by serial section analysis for immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Markers for podocytes (PHM5 and synaptopodin), parietal epithelial cells (PECs: cytokeratin) and macrophages (CD68) were used for the immunohistochemistry. Multiple ultrathin sections from a total of 15 glomeruli, including some from patients with CG, were examined by electron microscopy. Glomerular adhesions occurred in 71% of the serially sectioned glomeruli taken from patients with CG. Hyperplastic epithelial cells were immunonegative for podocyte markers and CD68, but invariably immunopositive for cytokeratin. Electron microscopy revealed that detachment of the podocytes from involved glomerular capillary walls was extensive. Many of the detached podocytes appeared to be necrotic and apoptotic. In contrast, junctional complexes of desmosomes and zonula adherens connected hyperplastic epithelial cells to each other. Cilia were also often observed.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsThe results of our ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study suggest that the hyperplastic epithelial cells observed in cases of CG are derived from PECs. Our results raise the possibility that PECs play a general role in covering glomerular tufts from which the podocytes have disappeared.

Electronic Resource

0005-2736

Influenza virus hemagglutinin ; Membrane fusion ; Phospholipid vesicle ; pH induction

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Physics

Electronic Resource

0006-291X

[abr] AAP; acetaminophenol ; [abr] AC; H-Cys-Ala-Gly-Ala-Cys-OH ; [abr] AH; H-Cys-Ala-Gly-Ala-His-OH ; [abr] AS; H-Cys-Ala-Gly-Ala-Ser-OH ; [abr] AT,; H-Cys-Ala-Gly-Ala-Thr-OH ; [abr] AY; H-Cys-Ala-Gly-Ala-Tyr-OH ; [abr] EPR,; electron paramagnetic resonance ; [abr] GSH; glutathione ; [abr] H; H-Cys-Ala-Gly-His-OH ; [abr] Hm; hemin ; [abr] Im; imidazole ; [abr] P-450,; cytochrome P-450 ; [abr] S; H-Cys-Ala-Gly-Ser-OH ; [abr] T; H-Cys-Ala-Gly-Thr-OH ; [abr] Y; H-Cys-Ala-Gly-Tyr-OH ; [abr] py; pyridine

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource