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1Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressL. Orlando ; A. Ginolhac ; G. Zhang ; D. Froese ; A. Albrechtsen ; M. Stiller ; M. Schubert ; E. Cappellini ; B. Petersen ; I. Moltke ; P. L. Johnson ; M. Fumagalli ; J. T. Vilstrup ; M. Raghavan ; T. Korneliussen ; A. S. Malaspinas ; J. Vogt ; D. Szklarczyk ; C. D. Kelstrup ; J. Vinther ; A. Dolocan ; J. Stenderup ; A. M. Velazquez ; J. Cahill ; M. Rasmussen ; X. Wang ; J. Min ; G. D. Zazula ; A. Seguin-Orlando ; C. Mortensen ; K. Magnussen ; J. F. Thompson ; J. Weinstock ; K. Gregersen ; K. H. Roed ; V. Eisenmann ; C. J. Rubin ; D. C. Miller ; D. F. Antczak ; M. F. Bertelsen ; S. Brunak ; K. A. Al-Rasheid ; O. Ryder ; L. Andersson ; J. Mundy ; A. Krogh ; M. T. Gilbert ; K. Kjaer ; T. Sicheritz-Ponten ; L. J. Jensen ; J. V. Olsen ; M. Hofreiter ; R. Nielsen ; B. Shapiro ; J. Wang ; E. Willerslev
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Published 2013Staff ViewPublication Date: 2013-06-28Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; DNA/analysis/genetics ; Endangered Species ; Equidae/classification/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Fossils ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; History, Ancient ; Horses/classification/*genetics ; *Phylogeny ; Proteins/analysis/chemistry/genetics ; Yukon TerritoryPublished by: -
2Articles: DFG German National LicensesLund, T. ; Gjedrem, T. ; Bentsen, H. B. ; Eide, D. M. ; Larsen, H. J. S. ; Røed, K. H.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1995Staff ViewISSN: 1095-8649Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: BiologyNotes: Lysozyme activity, haemolytic activity, total level of IgM, and levels of antibodies against A-layer from Aeromonas salmonicida and O-antigen from Vibrio salmonicida, respectively, were determined in 77 full-sib groups of Atlantic salmon in order to evaluate their possible use as immune parameters for indirect selection to improve disease resistance. Fish from parallel full-sib groups had previously been challenged with Aeromonas salmonicida (causing furunculosis), Renibacterium salmoninarum (causing bacterial kidney disease, BKD) and Vibrio salmonicida (causing cold-water vibriosis). Heritabilities were estimated for each of the immune parameters and correlations between the least square means of the full-sib groups for the different immune parameters and survival rates in the parallel full-sib groups were determined. A significant genetic variation in lysozyme activity was found, as well as an apparent genetic association between low lysozyme activity and high survival rates. Low heritabilities and low univariate correlations with survival in the full-sib groups were estimated for all of the other immune parameters. An analysis of the multivariate associations between the full-sib mean values of the complete set of immune parameters, and survival rates in the parallel full-sib groups in each of the challenge tests, revealed that, at low levels of lysozyme activity and with low antibody titres against V. salmonicida O-antigen, increased IgM levels seemed to increase survival from furunculosis.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
3Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1095-8649Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: BiologyNotes: The influence of exposure to stressors on cortisol and the non-specific immune traits lysozyme and serum haemolytic activity were examined in second generation rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for either high or low serum cortisol level following a confinement stress. Lysozyme and serum haemolytic activity were also assessed, together with levels of specific antibodies against Aeromonas salmonicida A-layer, Vibrio salmonicida O-antigen and Vibrio anguillarum O-antigen, following injection of vaccines against these pathogens.Significant differences in mean cortisol levels between the two selection lines were observed, but in only one of two stress experiments was the ‘high-stress’ line found to have the higher cortisol level; in the other experiment the ‘high-stress’ line had significantly lower cortisol levels than the ‘low-stress’ line. Lysozyme levels were in four of four assessments higher in the high-stress line than in the low-stress line, whereas components of serum haemolytic activity tended to be lower in the high-stress line than in the low-stress line. Levels of specific antibodies against all three bacterial pathogens were elevated following the injection of the vaccines. Only antibody production against A. salmonicida A-layer was significantly different between the two lines, the higher production of antibody being in the high-stress line.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
4Articles: DFG German National LicensesRøed, K. H. ; Fjalestad, K. ; Larsen, H. J. ; Midthjel, L.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1992Staff ViewISSN: 1095-8649Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: BiologyNotes: Spontaneous and antibody-dependent haemolytic activity against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) has been studied in serum from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Considerable increase in haemolytic activity was detected when SRBC were sensitized with haemolysin produced in Atlantic salmon. Haemolytic activity was sensitive both to divalent cations and to heat treatment. Significant reduction in haemolytic activity was detected after absorption with SRBC, indicating the presence of natural antibody against SRBC in Atlantic salmon serum. Persistent haemolytic activity of unsensitized SRBC in serum absorbed to remove natural antibodies was found, which suggests the activation of the alternative complement pathway, while the observed increased haemolytic activity in the presence of specific antibody against SRBC suggests activation of the classical complement pathway. Spontaneous and antibody-dependent haemolytic activity were both analysed in absorbed and non-absorbed sera in a family material of Atlantic salmon. The material consisted of 574 fish belonging to 57 fullsib groups within 20 paternal halfsib groups. Fish with signs of sexual maturity generally showed reduced haemolytic activity. Statistically significant effect of sire on the spontaneous haemolytic activity of both absorbed and nonabsorbed serum, and on antibody-dependent activity, provides evidence of significant additive genetic variation in both the alternative and the classical complement activation in Atlantic salmon. Neither on a phenotypical nor on a family basis were the two traits statistically correlated. The estimated heritabilities were 0.2–0.3 with a standard error of approximately 0.1.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
5Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1095-8649Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: BiologyNotes: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) yearling presmolts were reared under two different photoperiod regimes (simulated natural photoperiod, SNP, and continuous light, CL) and identical ambient temperature conditions from 21 November 1990 until 29 May 1991. Sampling was done biweekly from 21 February. Gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity increased under both photoperiod regimes from early April, concurrently with the increase in ambient temperature. The initial increase and final levels (29 May) in enzyme activity were much lower in the CL regime fish. Seawater challenge tests (24 h, 35 ppt) on 2 and 15 May resulted in lower plasma chloride levels in the SNP regime fish, indicating better hypo-osmoregulatory ability. This difference wasANNOUNCEMENT not present on 29 May. Resting plasma cortisol levels increased from March under both regimes, but the increase was much greater in the SNP regime fish (75 nm on 29 May v 22 nm in the CL regime). The individuals from the SNP regime were of lower weight and condition coefficient on 29 May, whereas length was uniform. Plasma lysozyme activity was unchanged throughout the sampling period, with the CL regime fish showing an overall higher activity. The in vitro leucocyte stimulation test did not indicate a reduced immune response in May in smolting fish exposed to the simulated natural photoperiod regime compared to fish reared under continuous light.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
6Articles: DFG German National LicensesFevolden, S.-E. ; Røed, K. H. ; Fjalestad, K. T. ; Stien, J.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1999Staff ViewISSN: 1095-8649Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: BiologyNotes: Lysozyme response in stressed rainbow trout was compared with measurements of poststress cortisol activity. Estimates of heritability of lysozyme and cortisol were both moderate-to-high and both traits displayed positive genetic correlations in pair-wise comparisons of stress exposures. Genetic correlations between lysozyme and cortisol in stressed rainbow trout tended to be negative, although insignificant. Neither lysozyme, nor cortisol exhibited significant correlations with serum haemolytic activity. It is concluded that the data do not confirm earlier suggestions that lysozyme should be superior to cortisol in consistency of stress response in rainbow trout.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
7Articles: DFG German National LicensesHeggenes, J. ; Røed, K. H. ; Høyheim, B. ; Rosef, L.
Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
Published 2002Staff ViewISSN: 1600-0633Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: BiologyAgriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, NutritionNotes: Abstract – Releases of non-native trout often result in introgression into natural populations and negative genetic effects. The causal ecological mechanisms for a wide range of reported outcomes are poorly understood. Brown trout population structure in an alpine lake with three major recruitment streams was assessed by analysis for eight DNA microsatellite markers and compared with the non-native population. The lake is subject to a 40-year recorded history of stocking with exogenous trout. No certain deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were found. Tests for population differentiation and genetic distance indicated separate populations for all the sampled areas, and with the exogenous population as a cluster quite different from the others. Assignment tests indicated that only a small fraction of the fish sampled from the lake originated from the introduced trout strain (〈3%). Wild discriminate, naturally reproducing populations characterize this alpine lake ecosystem, in spite of 40 years of stocking, which appears to have had a limited impact. It is unlikely that this population structure can ultimately be explained by trout movement patterns. Genetic analysis needs to be supplemented by studies of local life history strategies, to evaluate the relative importance of local adaptation versus random genetic differentiation, because implications for conservation and management are different.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
8Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1438-3888Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Abstract The long-term effects of different cadmium (0.2 and 0.4 ppm) and salinity levels (30, 25, and 20 ‰ S) on growth and egg-mass production ofOphryotrocha labronica (La Greca & Bacci) were investigated over three generations. Low salinity levels and the presence of cadmium resulted in reduced growth rates, prolonged times to reach sexual maturity, and reduced size at maturity. Three-way analysis of variance showed significant interaction effects of generation and cadmium for the different growth processes tested. Using response-surface methods, 0.2 ppm cadmium was shown to have a greater effect on growth rate at the third generation than the first and second generations at the three salinities tested. Increased effects were observed from first to second generation at 0.4 ppm cadmium and 30 and 25 ‰ S, whereas effects decreased from second to third generation. At 0.4 ppm cadmium and salinity of 20 ‰ the first generation was not able to produce viable larvae.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: