Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:K. G. Taylor)

2011-07-02

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; *Birds ; Calcium/analysis ; Copper/*analysis ; Dinosaurs ; Extinction, Biological ; *Feathers/ultrastructure ; *Fossils ; Melanins/*analysis ; Melanosomes/*chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Organometallic Compounds/*analysis ; *Pigmentation ; Trace Elements/*analysis ; X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy ; Zinc/analysis

1432-0428

Type 2 diabetes ; prospective study ; diet ; metformin ; glibenclamide ; HDL-cholesterol ; total cholesterol ; triglyceride ; apolipoproteins A-I and B

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride and apolipoproteins A-I and B were studied at diagnosis and after 12 months conventional treatment in a group of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. No significant deleterious effect on serum lipids and apolipoproteins was seen in any of the subgroups during the treatment period, although in the overall group there was a significant increase in serum total cholesterol in females. Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly in obese males treated with calorie restriction alone. There was a significant increase in serum apolipoprotein A-I in obese females treated with calorie restriction and metformin and in non-obese females treated with carbohydrate restriction and glibenclamide.

Electronic Resource

1432-0428

HDL-cholesterol ; apolipoprotein A-I ; non-insulin dependent diabetes ; hypertriglyceridaemia

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were decreased in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes at diagnosis when matched with a control population for sex, age, obesity, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. There was no association between serum HDL-cholesterol concentration and the percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin A1 (HbA1). Serum HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in diabetics over the whole range of serum triglyceride levels, and particularly in hypertriglyceridaemic diabetics. Serum apolipoprotein A-I levels were not decreased in diabetics with normal serum triglyceride levels, so that the ratio of HDL cholesterol to apolipoprotein A-I was significantly decreased in diabetics (p〈0.005). Decreased HDL cholesterol levels in non-insulin dependent diabetes could be relevant to the subsequent development of atherosclerosis.

Electronic Resource

1432-0428

Fibre ; fat ; sodium ; hypertension ; Type 2 diabetes

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary Fifty hypertensive Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were allocated, in a controlled trial, to a treatment diet of high fibre, low fat and low sodium composition, or to a control diet by the hospital dietitian. After 3 months treatment, the modified diet-treated group showed a highly significant reduction in mean systolic (180.5±19.0 to 165.0±20.7 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (96.6±9.3 to 88.0±10.5 mmHg), accompanied by significant reductions in urinary sodium excretion (183.0±62.1 to 121.7+ 65.8 mmol/day) glycosylated haemoglobin (12.4±3.1 to 10.5±2.9%), weight (74.6s±13.5 to 71.7±12.1 kg) and serum triglyceride levels (p〈0.05). The mean values of diastolic pressure (p〈0.01), urinary sodium/potassium ratio (p〈 0.001), urinary potassium (p〈0.01) was significantly reduced at 3 months compared to control. No changes in serum HDL-cholesterol levels were observed. The number of patients with normal blood pressure at 3 months was greater in the modified diet-treated group (ten versus five). Treatment of mild hypertension in diabetic subjects with this form of dietary regimen has a hypotensive response, with improvement in glycaemic control and no side effects. This modified diet may be an attractive alternative to anti-hypertensive drug therapy as a first line treatment.

Electronic Resource

1432-0428

Insulin resistance ; enzyme regulation ; adipose tissue ; lipoprotein lipase ; hypertriglyceridaemia ; hyperglycaemia ; obesity

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary The activity of lipoprotein lipase (E.C.3.1.1.3.) has been measured in adipose tissue from insulin-independent diabetics with hypertriglyceridaemia, non-diabetics with hypertriglyceridaemia and control patients, all of whom were obese. Although all groups showed an increase of plasma insulin after oral glucose, both the diabetic and nondiabetic hypertriglyceridaemics had impaired activities of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue compared to the obese normals (p〈0.02, p〈0.03, respectively). A course of insulin therapy (20 u.o.d.) for one week increased the activity of lipoprotein lipase extracted from adipose tissue, lowered plasma triglycerides and improved triglyceride clearance from plasma in a group of diabetics with hypertriglyceridaemia (mean plasma triglyceride 8.7 mmol/l). Our results suggest that a feature in the development of insulin resistance in adult diabetics may be a failure of maintenance of key intracellular enzyme activities involved in lipid metabolism.

Electronic Resource

1573-4986

Glucan ; lectin ; methylation

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract The glucan-binding lectin (GBL) ofStreptococcus sobrinus is cell associated, enabling the bacteria to be aggregated by α-1,6 glucans. Glucans, such as amylose, pullulan, laminarin and nigeran, have no affinity for the lectin. High molecular weight α-1,6 glucans (dextrans) readily aggregate the bacteria, whereas low molecular weight glucans inhibit the aggregation brought about by the high molecular weight species. Methylated glucan T-2000 (an α-1,6 glucan with an average molecular weight of 2 × 106 Da) aggregated the bacteria very poorly when the extent of methylation (DS, or degree of substitution) was high, and less poorly when the DS was low. Similarly, methylated low molecular weight α-1,6 glucan was a poor inhibitor of aggregation induced by the high molecular weight glucan T-2000. Because the methylation occurred primarily on the hydroxyl of C-2, it is suggested that the hydroxyl is needed for formation of the lectin-glucan complex. It appears that the GBL is not only stereospecific in interaction with glucans, but also regiospecific, interacting only with the underivatized α-1,6-glucan.

Electronic Resource