Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:J. Whitfield)

2011-06-24

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0028-0836

1476-4687

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2011-06-17

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

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2015-06-11

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

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2012-04-28

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

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1539-6924

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

South Carolina has issued fish consumption advisories for the Savannah River based on mercury and radionuclide levels. We examine differences in fishing rates and fish consumption of 258 people interviewed while fishing along the Savannah River, as a function of age, education, ethnicity, employment history, and income, and test the assumption that the average consumption of fish is less than the recreational value of 19 kg/year assumed by risk assessors. Ethnicity and education contributed significantly to explaining variations in number of fish meals per month, serving size, and total quantity of fish consumed per year. Blacks fished more often, ate more fish meals of slightly larger serving sizes, and consumed more fish per year than did Whites. Although education and income were correlated, education contributed most significantly to behavior; people who did not graduate from high school ate fish more often, ate more fish per year, and ate more whole fish than people who graduated from high school. Computing consumption of fish for each person individually indicates that (1) people who eat fish more often also eat larger portions, (2) a substantial number of people consume more than the amount of fish used to compute risk to recreational fishermen, (3) some people consume more than the subsistence level default assumption (50 kglyear) and (4) Blacks consume more fish per year than Whites, putting them at greater risk from contaminants in fish. Overall, ethnicity, age, and education contributed to variations in fishing behavior and consumption.

Electronic Resource

1539-6924

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

This paper examines the attitudes of 285 hunters and fishermen from South Carolina about hunting and fishing, risk, environmental issues, and future land use of the Savannah River Site. We test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in hunting and fishing rates, attitudes toward the safety of fish and deer obtained from SRS, attitudes toward future land use at SRS, and perceptions of the severity of environmental problems as a function of how far respondents lived from the site. Respondents hunted or fished an average of over 40 days a year, and only half felt that the fish and deer from SRS were safe to eat. Willingness to expend federal funds was correlated with perceptions of the severity of the problem. Preferences for future land use at SRS fell into three categories: high (environmental research park, hunting, fishing, camping), medium (nuclear production, factories, preserve only), and low (nuclear waste storage, residential). There were no differences in hunting and fishing rates, ranking of the severity of environmental problems, and willingness to expend federal funds as a function of distance of residence from SRS, but attitudes toward future land use differed significantly as a function of location of residence. Those living close to SRS were more willing to have the site used for factories, residential, nuclear material production and to store nuclear wastes than those living farther from the site. Our data on recreational rates, attitudes toward future land use, and willingness to expend federal funds to solve environmental problems reiterate the importance of assessing stakeholder attitudes toward decisions regarding future land use at DOE sites

Electronic Resource

1095-8649

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

One hundred and fifty largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were caught during the mid-winter and mid-summer months in Par Pond, an 1120 ha cooling reservoir located on Savannah River Plant near Aiken, SC. Equal numbers of fish were taken from ambient and thermally altered (〉 10° C ambient) areas of the lake. The total length and weight of each bass was noted, along with the presence or absence of lesions associated with red-sore disease (caused by the bacterium, Aeromonas hydrophila and the ciliate, Epistylis sp.). Blood was drawn, by heart puncture, from each bass and the following haematological parameters measured: haematocrit, haemoglobin, iron, total iron-binding capacity, thyroxine, sodium and potassium. Only the total iron-binding capacity was significantly higher in bass with red-sore disease; none of the other blood parameters were significantly different in infected and uninfected bass. Bass from thermally altered locations had consistently higher haematocrits during both summer and winter. Bass from thermal and ambient locations were not different with respect to iron, iron-binding capacity, sodium or potassium levels. However, bass taken during summer months had higher levels of circulating iron than individuals in winter months. Summer bass had higher thyroxine levels than bass in winter. These results are discussed in terms of their relationship to red-sore disease, season and the impact of thermal effluent.

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Bass were collected primarily by angling or electrofishing, and the following data were obtained: capture date, location within the reservoir, standard and or total length, and body weight. Body condition (K) was determined using the standard length of each fish. The regression of standard and ...

Electronic Resource

1539-6924

Ethnicity ; fish consumption ; advisories ; Savannah River ; methylmercury ; risk perception

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Abstract South Carolina has issued fish consumption advisories for the Savannah River based on mercury and radionuclide levels. We examine differences in fishing rates and fish consumption of 258 people interviewed while fishing along the Savannah River, as a function of age, education, ethnicity, employment history, and income, and test the assumption that the average consumption of fish is less than the recreational value of 19 kg/year assumed by risk assessors. Ethnicity and education contributed significantly to explaining variations in number of fish meals per month, serving size, and total quantity of fish consumed per year. Blacks fished more often, ate more fish meals of slightly larger serving sizes, and consumed more fish per year than did Whites. Although education and income were correlated, education contributed most significantly to behavior; people who did not graduate from high school ate fish more often, ate more fish per year, and ate more whole fish than people who graduated from high school. Computing consumption of fish for each person individually indicates that (1) people who eat fish more often also eat larger portions, (2) a substantial number of people consume more than the amount of fish used to compute risk to recreational fishermen, (3) some people consume more than the subsistence level default assumption (50 kg/year) and (4) Blacks consume more fish per year than Whites, putting them at greater risk from contaminants in fish. Overall, ethnicity, age, and education contributed to variations in fishing behavior and consumption.

Electronic Resource

1432-0703

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Medicine

Abstract Aquatic turtles inhabiting seepage basins containing low concentrations of radioactive and non-radioactive contaminants possess significantly greater variation in DNA content in blood cells than turtles from a control population. This variation, measured on a flow cytometer as the coefficient of variation of the cells in Gl of the cell cycle, is positively correlated with plastron length and estimated age of the turtles. Multiple peaks indicative of aneuploid mosaicism also were observed. We conclude that radiation or some unidentified chemical in the seepage basins likely acts as a clastogenic agent that causes chromosomal rearrangements leading to deletions and duplications that have the effect of increasing DNA content variation in blood cells. The proliferation of a mutant cell line leads to aneuploid mosaicism and the observation of multiple peaks in the DNA histograms.

Electronic Resource

1432-0703

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Medicine

Abstract Turtles inhabiting a radioactive reservoir appear to experience genetic damage due to environmental exposure to low concentrations of long-lived radionuclides. Total body burdens for the 50 reservoir turtles examined in the survey ranged from 164.7-4679.3 Bq for cesium-137 and from 462.6-5098.3 Bq for strontium-90. Flow cytometric (FCM) assays of red blood cell nuclei demonstrated significantly greater variation in DNA content for the reservoir turtles than for turtles from a nearby, non-radioactive site. Furthermore, two of the reservoir turtles possessed FCM profiles that are indicative of aneuploid mosaicism. These data strongly suggest that exposure to low-level radiation may involve a sensitive genetic response in a natural population.

Electronic Resource

1432-1939

Amphibian ; Body size ; Fish ; Growth ; Hyla chrysoscelis ; Lepomis macrochirus ; Predation ; Sibship ; Survival ; Tadpole

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Summary The effects of tadpole body size, tadpole sibship, and fish body size on predation of gray treefrog tadpoles, Hyla chrysoscelis, were studied in laboratory and artificial pond experiments. Tadpole body size had a significantly positive effect on the survival of tadpoles in all experiments. The relationship between tadpole biomass eaten and biomass available suggested that fish were not satiated when consuming the largest tadpoles. Large tadpoles were probably better able to evade predators. A difference in survival among full sib families of tadpoles was only present in one family, suggesting that genetic differences in predator avoidance behavior or palatability were probably secondarily important to body size per se. Fish body size had a significantly negative effect on the survival of tadpoles. Larger fish consumed a larger number and proportion of tadpoles as well as greater biomass. These results indicate that environmental factors affecting the growth rate of tadpoles cand dramatically alter their vulnerability to gape-limited predators.

Electronic Resource

1432-1009

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Electronic Resource

1432-1009

KEY WORDS: Abundance; Amphibian; Biodiversity; Distribution; Land management; Reptile

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Electronic Resource

1573-5133

Behavior ; Lethal temperature ; South Carolina ; Savannah River Plant ; Par Pond reservoir system ; Preferred temperature ; Thermal effluents

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Synopsis Behavioral responses which allow largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, and bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus, to survive under unusually high temperature conditions were examined. Distribution of fish was ascertained by angling. Body temperatures of 4 fish were obtained using radio transmitters. Temperatures of other fish were measured after fish were captured by angling. Both species were restricted in range by lethal water temperatures and therefore inhabited a greater portion of a thermally altered reservoir in winter than in summer. Under unheated conditions (during reactor shutdown), bass occupied shallow areas with an abundance of submerged logs and stumps, a deep area with springs, and a cove where the effluent canal entered the reservoir. Commencement of reactor operation resulted in an increase in water temperature to more than 50°C in summer. Bass and bluegill retreated to three refuges and remained there until the reactor shut down and the reservoir cooled. In the refuges, bass experienced a wide variety of temperatures, but adults generally avoided temperatures above 31°C. Large adult bass (〉40 cm) occupied particular positions in a refuge cove, medium size bass (15–40 cm) swam in the open water, and small bass (〈l5 cm) occupied shallow water near shore where temperatures were 32–34°C. Bluegill stayed in water from 32–37°C.

Electronic Resource

1573-3017

Trachemys scripta ; flow cytometry ; biomarkers ; sentinel ; pollution

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Abstract We used flow cytometry (FCM) to conduct a multiple-tissue assay on slider turtles (Trachemys scripta) inhabiting radioactive seepage basins. Duplicate samples of blood, heart, spleen and kidney were analysed on two different cytometers (Leitz MPV and Coulter Profile II), each employing distinct staining protocols (DAPI and PI, respectively). Both DAPI and PI assays of spleen cells demonstrated significantly greater variation in DNA content for the basin turtles than for ‘control’ animals from nearby, uncontaminated sites. Basin turtles also exhibited significant cell-cycle effects for blood and spleen, again revealed by both assays. These corroborative findings demonstrate the consistency and repeatability of FCM assays in environmental monitoring and identify the particularly sensitive nature of turtle blood and spleen to mutagenic agents. Our survey complements previous FCM studies on sliders from contaminated sites and thereby underscores the species' potential as a sentinel for biomarker assays.

Electronic Resource

article

2008

Lernprozess ; Didaktik ; Studium ; Betriebswirtschaftslehre ; USA

Journal of education for business, Bd. 83 (2008) H. 3, S. 141-146, 0883-2323

English

2018-09-21

American Society of Hematology (ASH)

0006-4971

1528-0020

Biology

Medicine

Hematopoiesis and Stem Cells

2018-08-31

Genetics Society of America (GSA)

2160-1836

Biology

1749-6632

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource