Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:J. Tumlinson)

2011-11-19

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

2011-11-19

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

2011-04-29

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] In response to insect herbivory, plants synthesize and emit blends of volatile compounds from their damaged and undamaged tissues, which act as important host-location cues for parasitic insects. Here we use chemical and behavioural assays to show that these plant emissions can transmit ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] SIR - Wounding of plant tissue by insect feeding triggers the release of volatile compounds, which have been implicated in the attraction of natural enemies of the insect herbivores1"8, and are derived from several biosynthetic pathways. The release of indole and several terpenes is delayed, and is ...

Electronic Resource

1570-7458

Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Cotesia marginiventris ; parasitoid ; host searching ; allelochemicals ; plant synomones ; leaf damage ; frass ; flight tunnel

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Résumé L'hyménoptèreC. marginiventris Cresson, parasite solitaire, est connu comme étant attiré par les odeurs liées à l'hôte émises par un complexe de chenilles consommant des feuilles. La source exacte de ces substances attractives restait encore à déterminer. Pour cela, des expériences en tunnel de vol ont été réalisées dans lesquelles différents composés du complexe plante et hôte ont été testés individuellement et en combinaisons diverses. Les 3 composés testés ont été: 1) des plantules de maïs endommagées par des chenilles deSpodoptera exigua (BAW); 2) des excréments produits par les chenilles de BAW consommant du maïs; 3) des chenilles de BAW en l'absence de plantes et d'excréments. Les plantes endommagées ont été significativement plus attractives que les excréments ou les chenilles. En expériences de choix, les excréments étaient plus attractifs que les chenilles. Différentes combinaisons de ces 3 composantes principales ont montré que l'attractivité augmentait quand les chenilles étaient associées à des feuilles endommagées. Ajouter des excréments n'augmentait pas significativement l'attractivité. Quand des chenilles étaient associées avec des feuilles endommagées, mais en présence d'écran les empêchant de consommer les feuilles, l'attractivité était celle des feuilles endommagées seules. Des feuilles de maïs n'ayant jamais été exposées aux dégâts des chenilles étaient à peine attractives. On peut en conclure que les feuilles endommagées par les chenilles sont la principale source de substances volatiles qui orientent le parasitoïdeC. marginiventris vers le voisinage de ses hôtes. La consommation active par les chenilles augmente probablement la quantité de substances émises par les plantes, ce qui se traduit par une attractivité accrue. Les substances volatiles des plantes jouent un rôle dans la découverte de l'habitat de l'hôte par les parasitoïdes. De plus en plus d'éléments suggèrent qu'une interaction sophistiquée entre hôte, plante et parasitoïde sera éventuellement révélée.

Abstract Single and dual choice tests in a flight tunnel revealed that plants damaged by host larvae are the main source of the volatiles that attract females of the parasitoidCotesia marginiventris (Cresson) to the microhabitat of its hosts. Frass and host larvae, the other two major components of a complete plant-host complex, were significantly less attractive than the damaged seedlings; frass alone was more attractive than larvae alone. However, a recombination of larvae with the damaged seedlings was significantly more attractive than the damaged leaves alone, or damaged leaves with frass. This was due to the additional feeding damage done by the larvae. The role of plants in the host-finding behaviour of parasitoids is discussed.

Electronic Resource

1572-8889

Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; Cotinis nitida (L.) ; beetle flight ; pheromone bioassay

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Electronic Resource

1420-9071

Sex pheromone ; pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide ; bursa copulatrix ; Heliothis zea

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary Sexual receptivity generally is reduced in moths after mating. We found that even in virginHeliothis zea females the titer of pheromone declines after the third night of adult life, although the number of eggs laid increases. Reduction in pheromone titer is not due to reduced amounts of ‘pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide’. We have discovered that a substance present in the bursa, ovaries and hemolymph of senescing virgins suppresses pheromone production. A similar factor was found in 2-day-old mated females indicating that both virgin and mated females use this factor to suppress pheromone production.

Electronic Resource

1570-7458

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Zusammenfassung Flüchtige Substanzen von Laborzucht- und wilden Weibchen von Dacus oleae (Gmelin) wurden mit verschiedenen Methoden gewonnen; sie lockten Männchen derselben Art während der Stunden ihrer sexuellen Aktivität (Abenddämmerung) in Labor- und Feldversuchen an. Die Existenz eines flüchtigen Sexualpheromons bei dieser Art, bisher nur vermutet, wurde somit bewiesen. Labor- und Feldkäfigversuche zeigten eine Pheromon-Kommunikation zwischen Laborzucht- und wilden Insekten.

Abstract Volatile substances collected by various methods from laboratory and wild female Dacus oleae (Gmelin) flies attracted males of the same species during the hours of sexual activity (dusk) in laboratory and field tests. The presence of an air-borne sex pheromone in this species, previously suspected, was thus verified. Laboratory and field cage tests showed pheromonal communication between laboratory-reared and wild insects.

Electronic Resource

1570-7458

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Electronic Resource

1432-1351

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Abstract Single receptor cell recordings from the sensilla trichodea type 1 of the Heliothis virescens male antennae have revealed: 1) Three distinct types of receptor neurons, two previously identified types tuned to the principal pheromone components, (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:AL) (79% of neurons recorded) and (Z)-9-tetradecenal (Z9-14: AL) (12%), and a third type (9%) that is tuned to (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16: AC). The acetate suppresses male attraction to conspecific females. 2) The Z11-16:AL receptor neurons respond with about equal frequency to the formate analogue, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl formate (Z9-14:FO) at comparable concentrations. The Z9-14:AL receptor neurons, however, show only weak responses to the corresponding formate (Z)-7-dodecenyl formate (Z7-12:FO). These results correlate well with results from field studies, showing that Z9-14:FO can substitute behaviourally for Z11-16:AL, whereas Z7-12:FO cannot substitute for Z9-14:AL. 3) The Z11-16:AC receptor neurons also respond to Z7-12:FO at higher concentrations. Therefore, Z7-12:FO would not be able to simulate the effect of Z9-14:AL, even at high concentration, because Z7-12:FO would mediate suppression of pheromone attraction through the Z11-16:AC neurons. 4) A difference in the interaction between the pheromone aldehydes and their membrane receptors is shown by the different effects of the two formate analogues. Furthermore, shortening and lengthening of the two moieties of the Z11-16:AL chain does not reduce the stimulatory effect to the same extent.

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] When females of M. croceipes are presented with fresh faeces or the water extract of faeces (Fig. 1) on filter paper, they immediately rub the material with their antennae and sometimes probe it with their abdomens. This intense examination continues for several minutes unless interrupted. ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] The whole bodies of 3.7 kg of worker ants of mixed sizes obtained from Grant Parish, Louisiana, were macerated in methylene chloride and the soluble material was distilled in a short-path still onto a condenser (cooled with dry ice) at 90° C and 0.05 mm Hg. The trail-following response3 of the ...

Electronic Resource

1573-1561

sex pheromone ; Heliothis virescens (F.) ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenal

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract The sex attractant of adult tobacco budworms,Heliothis virescens (F.) was isolated from ether washes of “calling” females and verified as active by field cage bioassays. The components of the pheromone were identified as (Z)-11-hexadecenal and (Z)-9-tetradecenal by spectroscopic and microdegradative methods. The two components are inactive when tested separately, but when they are mixed in the ratio in which they occur in female washes (16∶1, respectively), the synthesized mixture is equivalent to the natural one in attracting males in large cages. In field tests, 53 μg of synthesized mixture was competitive with four live females.

Electronic Resource

1573-1561

Microplitis demolitor ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Biological control ; artificial diet ; preflight behavior ; wind tunnels ; oviposition ; age ; chemosensory receptors ; chilling pupae

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract Heliothis zea (Boddie) larvae fed cowpea seedlings produced volatile semiochemicals to whichMicroplitis demolitor Wilkinson responded in a wind tunnel. However, mostM. demolitor females reared fromH. zea larvae fed an artificial diet were not responsive at emergence to the same volatile semiochemicals. A preflight contact with frass fromH. zea fed cowpea was needed to stimulate a response of sustained flight in a wind tunnel. The most consistent flight response was 7–10 days postemergence. Response resulting from both antennal and ovipositor contact with host frass during preflight stimulation was no better than from antennal contact alone. Chilling the parasitoid pupae rendered most of the emerging females unresponsive to volatile semiochemicals.

Electronic Resource

1573-1561

Insect pheromone formulations ; liquid crystal capillary columns ; half-lives of compounds ; vapor pressure

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract A method has been developed to determine by capillary gas chromatography on liquid crystal stationary phases the relative vapor pressures and half-lives of many compounds used as insect pheromones. This study demonstrated that the retention time of seven acetates on a liquid crystal column (cholesteryl-p-chlorocinnamate) could be correlated closely to the reported vapor pressures of the compounds. For 13 additional pheromonal acetates and alcohols, reported half-lives showed a high degree of correlation with their retention times on the liquid crystal column. Thus chromatography on capillary liquid crystal gas Chromatographie columns appears to be a useful method for determining the relative volatilities of many pheromones to facilitate the development of more precise formulations.

Electronic Resource

1573-1561

Insecta ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; Mediterranean fruit fly ; pheromone ; attractant ; Ceratitis capitata ; ethyl-(E)-3-octenoate ; geranyl acetate ; (E,E)-α-farnesene

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract Three major components, ethyi-(E)-3-octenoate, geranyl acetate, and (E,E)-α-farnesene, emitted as volatiles by laboratory-reared and wild male medflies were collected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Peak emission of these compounds occurred during the third to fifth hours of the photophase and differences were observed in the ratios of the three components emitted by male laboratory-reared and wild flies. These three compounds were synthesized, and a method was developed to formulate a synthetic blend that released the compounds in a ratio similar to that emitted by wild male medflies. Attractiveness of the blend to female medflies was demonstrated under field conditions by comparing trap catches. Black spherical traps, baited with the synthetic blend to release 1.6 male equivalents, caught significantly more females than blank traps and traps from which the blend released was 0.3, 3.2 or 6.4 male equivalents.

Electronic Resource

1573-1561

Sesiidae ; Synanthedon ; sex pheromones ; inhibition ; synergism

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract The E,Z, Z,Z, and Z,E geometric isomers of 3,13 octadecadien-1-ol acetate were used singly and in binary combinations to trap sesiids in Wisconsin cherry orchards. The Z,E isomer alone did not capture any sesiids. A synergistic effect, however, of Z,E onSynanthedon pictipes response to its pheromone E,Z was demonstrated for the first time. Strong inhibitory effects of the Z,Z isomer onS. pictipes response to E,Z, and of the E,Z isomer onS. scitula response to Z,Z, were found. As little as 0.5% of Z,Z in E,Z completely inhibited theS. pictipes response. This species' response was also reduced by 85% when Z,Z was evaporated at 4 points, each ca. 6 m from the pheromone trap. Consistencies and discrepancies of the data with relevant experimental results from other geographical areas are briefly discussed.

Electronic Resource

1573-1561

Host finding ; Biosteres (Opius) longicaudatus Ashmead ; ethanol ; acetaldehyde ; fungi ; fermentation ; Tephritidae ; parasitoid

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract Host finding by the fruit fly parasitoidBiosteres (Opius)longicaudatus Ashmead was found to involve attraction to fermentation products emanating from rotting fruit, a probable site for location of host larvae. Bioassays conducted in the greenhouse with all saturated 1-, 2-, and 3-carbon primary alcohols, aldehydes, and organic acids indicated that acetaldehyde was the most active agent followed by ethanol and acetic acid. Rotting fruit was attractive irrespective of the presence of host larvae, and attraction was attributed to fungal fermentation products rather than to kairomones from host larvae.

Electronic Resource

1573-1561

White peach scale ; Pseudaulacaspis pentagona ; pheromone ; attractant ; microtechniques ; enantiomer ; isomers ; (R,Z)-3 ; 9-dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3 ; 9-decadien-1-ol propionate

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract Micro techniques were used to obtain spectroscopic and degradative information from less than 5μg of the sex attractant of female white peach scale,Pseudaulascaspis pentagons (Targioni-Tozzetti) isolated from airborne collections. The pheromone was identified as (Z)-3,9-dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadien-1-ol propionate. Both enantiomers of theZ isomer and also the enantiomers of theE isomer were prepared from (R)-or (S)-limonene. Bioassays of material with minimum enantiomeric purity of 95% showed that at extreme dilution only theR,Z isomer attracted male white peach scale; however activity of theS,Z enantiomer could not be completely excluded.

Electronic Resource