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1P. van der Harst ; W. Zhang ; I. Mateo Leach ; A. Rendon ; N. Verweij ; J. Sehmi ; D. S. Paul ; U. Elling ; H. Allayee ; X. Li ; A. Radhakrishnan ; S. T. Tan ; K. Voss ; C. X. Weichenberger ; C. A. Albers ; A. Al-Hussani ; F. W. Asselbergs ; M. Ciullo ; F. Danjou ; C. Dina ; T. Esko ; D. M. Evans ; L. Franke ; M. Gogele ; J. Hartiala ; M. Hersch ; H. Holm ; J. J. Hottenga ; S. Kanoni ; M. E. Kleber ; V. Lagou ; C. Langenberg ; L. M. Lopez ; L. P. Lyytikainen ; O. Melander ; F. Murgia ; I. M. Nolte ; P. F. O'Reilly ; S. Padmanabhan ; A. Parsa ; N. Pirastu ; E. Porcu ; L. Portas ; I. Prokopenko ; J. S. Ried ; S. Y. Shin ; C. S. Tang ; A. Teumer ; M. Traglia ; S. Ulivi ; H. J. Westra ; J. Yang ; J. H. Zhao ; F. Anni ; A. Abdellaoui ; A. Attwood ; B. Balkau ; S. Bandinelli ; F. Bastardot ; B. Benyamin ; B. O. Boehm ; W. O. Cookson ; D. Das ; P. I. de Bakker ; R. A. de Boer ; E. J. de Geus ; M. H. de Moor ; M. Dimitriou ; F. S. Domingues ; A. Doring ; G. Engstrom ; G. I. Eyjolfsson ; L. Ferrucci ; K. Fischer ; R. Galanello ; S. F. Garner ; B. Genser ; Q. D. Gibson ; G. Girotto ; D. F. Gudbjartsson ; S. E. Harris ; A. L. Hartikainen ; C. E. Hastie ; B. Hedblad ; T. Illig ; J. Jolley ; M. Kahonen ; I. P. Kema ; J. P. Kemp ; L. Liang ; H. Lloyd-Jones ; R. J. Loos ; S. Meacham ; S. E. Medland ; C. Meisinger ; Y. Memari ; E. Mihailov ; K. Miller ; M. F. Moffatt ; M. Nauck ; M. Novatchkova ; T. Nutile ; I. Olafsson ; P. T. Onundarson ; D. Parracciani ; B. W. Penninx ; L. Perseu ; A. Piga ; G. Pistis ; A. Pouta ; U. Puc ; O. Raitakari ; S. M. Ring ; A. Robino ; D. Ruggiero ; A. Ruokonen ; A. Saint-Pierre ; C. Sala ; A. Salumets ; J. Sambrook ; H. Schepers ; C. O. Schmidt ; H. H. Sillje ; R. Sladek ; J. H. Smit ; J. M. Starr ; J. Stephens ; P. Sulem ; T. Tanaka ; U. Thorsteinsdottir ; V. Tragante ; W. H. van Gilst ; L. J. van Pelt ; D. J. van Veldhuisen ; U. Volker ; J. B. Whitfield ; G. Willemsen ; B. R. Winkelmann ; G. Wirnsberger ; A. Algra ; F. Cucca ; A. P. d'Adamo ; J. Danesh ; I. J. Deary ; A. F. Dominiczak ; P. Elliott ; P. Fortina ; P. Froguel ; P. Gasparini ; A. Greinacher ; S. L. Hazen ; M. R. Jarvelin ; K. T. Khaw ; T. Lehtimaki ; W. Maerz ; N. G. Martin ; A. Metspalu ; B. D. Mitchell ; G. W. Montgomery ; C. Moore ; G. Navis ; M. Pirastu ; P. P. Pramstaller ; R. Ramirez-Solis ; E. Schadt ; J. Scott ; A. R. Shuldiner ; G. D. Smith ; J. G. Smith ; H. Snieder ; R. Sorice ; T. D. Spector ; K. Stefansson ; M. Stumvoll ; W. H. Tang ; D. Toniolo ; A. Tonjes ; P. M. Visscher ; P. Vollenweider ; N. J. Wareham ; B. H. Wolffenbuttel ; D. I. Boomsma ; J. S. Beckmann ; G. V. Dedoussis ; P. Deloukas ; M. A. Ferreira ; S. Sanna ; M. Uda ; A. A. Hicks ; J. M. Penninger ; C. Gieger ; J. S. Kooner ; W. H. Ouwehand ; N. Soranzo ; J. C. Chambers
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Published 2012Staff ViewPublication Date: 2012-12-12Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle/genetics ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Erythrocytes/cytology/*metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; *Genetic Loci ; *Genome-Wide Association Study ; Hematopoiesis/genetics ; Hemoglobins/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Organ Specificity ; *Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; RNA Interference ; Signal Transduction/geneticsPublished by: -
2S. Jacquemont ; A. Reymond ; F. Zufferey ; L. Harewood ; R. G. Walters ; Z. Kutalik ; D. Martinet ; Y. Shen ; A. Valsesia ; N. D. Beckmann ; G. Thorleifsson ; M. Belfiore ; S. Bouquillon ; D. Campion ; N. de Leeuw ; B. B. de Vries ; T. Esko ; B. A. Fernandez ; F. Fernandez-Aranda ; J. M. Fernandez-Real ; M. Gratacos ; A. Guilmatre ; J. Hoyer ; M. R. Jarvelin ; R. F. Kooy ; A. Kurg ; C. Le Caignec ; K. Mannik ; O. S. Platt ; D. Sanlaville ; M. M. Van Haelst ; S. Villatoro Gomez ; F. Walha ; B. L. Wu ; Y. Yu ; A. Aboura ; M. C. Addor ; Y. Alembik ; S. E. Antonarakis ; B. Arveiler ; M. Barth ; N. Bednarek ; F. Bena ; S. Bergmann ; M. Beri ; L. Bernardini ; B. Blaumeiser ; D. Bonneau ; A. Bottani ; O. Boute ; H. G. Brunner ; D. Cailley ; P. Callier ; J. Chiesa ; J. Chrast ; L. Coin ; C. Coutton ; J. M. Cuisset ; J. C. Cuvellier ; A. David ; B. de Freminville ; B. Delobel ; M. A. Delrue ; B. Demeer ; D. Descamps ; G. Didelot ; K. Dieterich ; V. Disciglio ; M. Doco-Fenzy ; S. Drunat ; B. Duban-Bedu ; C. Dubourg ; J. S. El-Sayed Moustafa ; P. Elliott ; B. H. Faas ; L. Faivre ; A. Faudet ; F. Fellmann ; A. Ferrarini ; R. Fisher ; E. Flori ; L. Forer ; D. Gaillard ; M. Gerard ; C. Gieger ; S. Gimelli ; G. Gimelli ; H. J. Grabe ; A. Guichet ; O. Guillin ; A. L. Hartikainen ; D. Heron ; L. Hippolyte ; M. Holder ; G. Homuth ; B. Isidor ; S. Jaillard ; Z. Jaros ; S. Jimenez-Murcia ; G. J. Helas ; P. Jonveaux ; S. Kaksonen ; B. Keren ; A. Kloss-Brandstatter ; N. V. Knoers ; D. A. Koolen ; P. M. Kroisel ; F. Kronenberg ; A. Labalme ; E. Landais ; E. Lapi ; V. Layet ; S. Legallic ; B. Leheup ; B. Leube ; S. Lewis ; J. Lucas ; K. D. MacDermot ; P. Magnusson ; C. Marshall ; M. Mathieu-Dramard ; M. I. McCarthy ; T. Meitinger ; M. A. Mencarelli ; G. Merla ; A. Moerman ; V. Mooser ; F. Morice-Picard ; M. Mucciolo ; M. Nauck ; N. C. Ndiaye ; A. Nordgren ; L. Pasquier ; F. Petit ; R. Pfundt ; G. Plessis ; E. Rajcan-Separovic ; G. P. Ramelli ; A. Rauch ; R. Ravazzolo ; A. Reis ; A. Renieri ; C. Richart ; J. S. Ried ; C. Rieubland ; W. Roberts ; K. M. Roetzer ; C. Rooryck ; M. Rossi ; E. Saemundsen ; V. Satre ; C. Schurmann ; E. Sigurdsson ; D. J. Stavropoulos ; H. Stefansson ; C. Tengstrom ; U. Thorsteinsdottir ; F. J. Tinahones ; R. Touraine ; L. Vallee ; E. van Binsbergen ; N. Van der Aa ; C. Vincent-Delorme ; S. Visvikis-Siest ; P. Vollenweider ; H. Volzke ; A. T. Vulto-van Silfhout ; G. Waeber ; C. Wallgren-Pettersson ; R. M. Witwicki ; S. Zwolinksi ; J. Andrieux ; X. Estivill ; J. F. Gusella ; O. Gustafsson ; A. Metspalu ; S. W. Scherer ; K. Stefansson ; A. I. Blakemore ; J. S. Beckmann ; P. Froguel
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Published 2011Staff ViewPublication Date: 2011-09-02Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aging ; Body Height/genetics ; *Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/*genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; Developmental Disabilities/genetics ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Europe ; Female ; Gene Dosage/*genetics ; Gene Duplication/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Head/anatomy & histology ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mental Disorders/genetics ; Middle Aged ; Mutation/genetics ; North America ; Obesity/*genetics ; *Phenotype ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Sequence Deletion/genetics ; Thinness/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Young AdultPublished by: -
3C. Golzio ; J. Willer ; M. E. Talkowski ; E. C. Oh ; Y. Taniguchi ; S. Jacquemont ; A. Reymond ; M. Sun ; A. Sawa ; J. F. Gusella ; A. Kamiya ; J. S. Beckmann ; N. Katsanis
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Published 2012Staff ViewPublication Date: 2012-05-19Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/*genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations/*genetics ; Gene Dosage/*genetics ; Gene Duplication/genetics ; Head/*abnormalities/embryology ; Humans ; Mice ; Microcephaly/*genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Organ Size/genetics ; *Phenotype ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Deletion/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Up-Regulation ; Zebrafish/abnormalities/embryology/geneticsPublished by: -
4A. E. Locke ; B. Kahali ; S. I. Berndt ; A. E. Justice ; T. H. Pers ; F. R. Day ; C. Powell ; S. Vedantam ; M. L. Buchkovich ; J. Yang ; D. C. Croteau-Chonka ; T. Esko ; T. Fall ; T. Ferreira ; S. Gustafsson ; Z. Kutalik ; J. Luan ; R. Magi ; J. C. Randall ; T. W. Winkler ; A. R. Wood ; T. Workalemahu ; J. D. Faul ; J. A. Smith ; J. Hua Zhao ; W. Zhao ; J. Chen ; R. Fehrmann ; A. K. Hedman ; J. Karjalainen ; E. M. Schmidt ; D. Absher ; N. Amin ; D. Anderson ; M. Beekman ; J. L. Bolton ; J. L. Bragg-Gresham ; S. Buyske ; A. Demirkan ; G. Deng ; G. B. Ehret ; B. Feenstra ; M. F. Feitosa ; K. Fischer ; A. Goel ; J. Gong ; A. U. Jackson ; S. Kanoni ; M. E. Kleber ; K. Kristiansson ; U. Lim ; V. Lotay ; M. Mangino ; I. Mateo Leach ; C. Medina-Gomez ; S. E. Medland ; M. A. Nalls ; C. D. Palmer ; D. Pasko ; S. Pechlivanis ; M. J. Peters ; I. Prokopenko ; D. Shungin ; A. Stancakova ; R. J. Strawbridge ; Y. Ju Sung ; T. Tanaka ; A. Teumer ; S. Trompet ; S. W. van der Laan ; J. van Setten ; J. V. Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk ; Z. Wang ; L. Yengo ; W. Zhang ; A. Isaacs ; E. Albrecht ; J. Arnlov ; G. M. Arscott ; A. P. Attwood ; S. Bandinelli ; A. Barrett ; I. N. Bas ; C. Bellis ; A. J. Bennett ; C. Berne ; R. Blagieva ; M. Bluher ; S. Bohringer ; L. L. Bonnycastle ; Y. Bottcher ; H. A. Boyd ; M. Bruinenberg ; I. H. Caspersen ; Y. D. Ida Chen ; R. Clarke ; E. W. Daw ; A. J. de Craen ; G. Delgado ; M. Dimitriou ; A. S. Doney ; N. Eklund ; K. Estrada ; E. Eury ; L. Folkersen ; R. M. Fraser ; M. E. Garcia ; F. Geller ; V. Giedraitis ; B. Gigante ; A. S. Go ; A. Golay ; A. H. Goodall ; S. D. Gordon ; M. Gorski ; H. J. Grabe ; H. Grallert ; T. B. Grammer ; J. Grassler ; H. Gronberg ; C. J. Groves ; G. Gusto ; J. Haessler ; P. Hall ; T. Haller ; G. Hallmans ; C. A. Hartman ; M. Hassinen ; C. Hayward ; N. L. Heard-Costa ; Q. Helmer ; C. Hengstenberg ; O. Holmen ; J. J. Hottenga ; A. L. James ; J. M. Jeff ; A. Johansson ; J. Jolley ; T. Juliusdottir ; L. Kinnunen ; W. Koenig ; M. Koskenvuo ; W. Kratzer ; J. Laitinen ; C. Lamina ; K. Leander ; N. R. Lee ; P. Lichtner ; L. Lind ; J. Lindstrom ; K. Sin Lo ; S. Lobbens ; R. Lorbeer ; Y. Lu ; F. Mach ; P. K. Magnusson ; A. Mahajan ; W. L. McArdle ; S. McLachlan ; C. Menni ; S. Merger ; E. Mihailov ; L. Milani ; A. Moayyeri ; K. L. Monda ; M. A. Morken ; A. Mulas ; G. Muller ; M. Muller-Nurasyid ; A. W. Musk ; R. Nagaraja ; M. M. Nothen ; I. M. Nolte ; S. Pilz ; N. W. Rayner ; F. Renstrom ; R. Rettig ; J. S. Ried ; S. Ripke ; N. R. Robertson ; L. M. Rose ; S. Sanna ; H. Scharnagl ; S. Scholtens ; F. R. Schumacher ; W. R. Scott ; T. Seufferlein ; J. Shi ; A. Vernon Smith ; J. Smolonska ; A. V. Stanton ; V. Steinthorsdottir ; K. Stirrups ; H. M. Stringham ; J. Sundstrom ; M. A. Swertz ; A. J. Swift ; A. C. Syvanen ; S. T. Tan ; B. O. Tayo ; B. Thorand ; G. Thorleifsson ; J. P. Tyrer ; H. W. Uh ; L. Vandenput ; F. C. Verhulst ; S. H. Vermeulen ; N. Verweij ; J. M. Vonk ; L. L. Waite ; H. R. Warren ; D. Waterworth ; M. N. Weedon ; L. R. Wilkens ; C. Willenborg ; T. Wilsgaard ; M. K. Wojczynski ; A. Wong ; A. F. Wright ; Q. Zhang ; E. P. Brennan ; M. Choi ; Z. Dastani ; A. W. Drong ; P. Eriksson ; A. Franco-Cereceda ; J. R. Gadin ; A. G. Gharavi ; M. E. Goddard ; R. E. Handsaker ; J. Huang ; F. Karpe ; S. Kathiresan ; S. Keildson ; K. Kiryluk ; M. Kubo ; J. Y. Lee ; L. Liang ; R. P. Lifton ; B. Ma ; S. A. McCarroll ; A. J. McKnight ; J. L. Min ; M. F. Moffatt ; G. W. Montgomery ; J. M. Murabito ; G. Nicholson ; D. R. Nyholt ; Y. Okada ; J. R. Perry ; R. Dorajoo ; E. Reinmaa ; R. M. Salem ; N. Sandholm ; R. A. Scott ; L. Stolk ; A. Takahashi ; F. M. Van't Hooft ; A. A. Vinkhuyzen ; H. J. Westra ; W. Zheng ; K. T. Zondervan ; A. C. Heath ; D. Arveiler ; S. J. Bakker ; J. Beilby ; R. N. Bergman ; J. Blangero ; P. Bovet ; H. Campbell ; M. J. Caulfield ; G. Cesana ; A. Chakravarti ; D. I. Chasman ; P. S. Chines ; F. S. Collins ; D. C. Crawford ; L. A. Cupples ; D. Cusi ; J. Danesh ; U. de Faire ; H. M. den Ruijter ; A. F. Dominiczak ; R. Erbel ; J. Erdmann ; J. G. Eriksson ; M. Farrall ; S. B. Felix ; E. Ferrannini ; J. Ferrieres ; I. Ford ; N. G. Forouhi ; T. Forrester ; O. H. Franco ; R. T. Gansevoort ; P. V. Gejman ; C. Gieger ; O. Gottesman ; V. Gudnason ; U. Gyllensten ; A. S. Hall ; T. B. Harris ; A. T. Hattersley ; A. A. Hicks ; L. A. Hindorff ; A. D. Hingorani ; A. Hofman ; G. Homuth ; G. K. Hovingh ; S. E. Humphries ; S. C. Hunt ; E. Hypponen ; T. Illig ; K. B. Jacobs ; M. R. Jarvelin ; K. H. Jockel ; B. Johansen ; P. Jousilahti ; J. W. Jukema ; A. M. Jula ; J. Kaprio ; J. J. Kastelein ; S. M. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi ; L. A. Kiemeney ; P. Knekt ; J. S. Kooner ; C. Kooperberg ; P. Kovacs ; A. T. Kraja ; M. Kumari ; J. Kuusisto ; T. A. Lakka ; C. Langenberg ; L. Le Marchand ; T. Lehtimaki ; V. Lyssenko ; S. Mannisto ; A. Marette ; T. C. Matise ; C. A. McKenzie ; B. McKnight ; F. L. Moll ; A. D. Morris ; A. P. Morris ; J. C. Murray ; M. Nelis ; C. Ohlsson ; A. J. Oldehinkel ; K. K. Ong ; P. A. Madden ; G. Pasterkamp ; J. F. Peden ; A. Peters ; D. S. Postma ; P. P. Pramstaller ; J. F. Price ; L. Qi ; O. T. Raitakari ; T. Rankinen ; D. C. Rao ; T. K. Rice ; P. M. Ridker ; J. D. Rioux ; M. D. Ritchie ; I. Rudan ; V. Salomaa ; N. J. Samani ; J. Saramies ; M. A. Sarzynski ; H. Schunkert ; P. E. Schwarz ; P. Sever ; A. R. Shuldiner ; J. Sinisalo ; R. P. Stolk ; K. Strauch ; A. Tonjes ; D. A. Tregouet ; A. Tremblay ; E. Tremoli ; J. Virtamo ; M. C. Vohl ; U. Volker ; G. Waeber ; G. Willemsen ; J. C. Witteman ; M. C. Zillikens ; L. S. Adair ; P. Amouyel ; F. W. Asselbergs ; T. L. Assimes ; M. Bochud ; B. O. Boehm ; E. Boerwinkle ; S. R. Bornstein ; E. P. Bottinger ; C. Bouchard ; S. Cauchi ; J. C. Chambers ; S. J. Chanock ; R. S. Cooper ; P. I. de Bakker ; G. Dedoussis ; L. Ferrucci ; P. W. Franks ; P. Froguel ; L. C. Groop ; C. A. Haiman ; A. Hamsten ; J. Hui ; D. J. Hunter ; K. Hveem ; R. C. Kaplan ; M. Kivimaki ; D. Kuh ; M. Laakso ; Y. Liu ; N. G. Martin ; W. Marz ; M. Melbye ; A. Metspalu ; S. Moebus ; P. B. Munroe ; I. Njolstad ; B. A. Oostra ; C. N. Palmer ; N. L. Pedersen ; M. Perola ; L. Perusse ; U. Peters ; C. Power ; T. Quertermous ; R. Rauramaa ; F. Rivadeneira ; T. E. Saaristo ; D. Saleheen ; N. Sattar ; E. E. Schadt ; D. Schlessinger ; P. E. Slagboom ; H. Snieder ; T. D. Spector ; U. Thorsteinsdottir ; M. Stumvoll ; J. Tuomilehto ; A. G. Uitterlinden ; M. Uusitupa ; P. van der Harst ; M. Walker ; H. Wallaschofski ; N. J. Wareham ; H. Watkins ; D. R. Weir ; H. E. Wichmann ; J. F. Wilson ; P. Zanen ; I. B. Borecki ; P. Deloukas ; C. S. Fox ; I. M. Heid ; J. R. O'Connell ; D. P. Strachan ; K. Stefansson ; C. M. van Duijn ; G. R. Abecasis ; L. Franke ; T. M. Frayling ; M. I. McCarthy ; P. M. Visscher ; A. Scherag ; C. J. Willer ; M. Boehnke ; K. L. Mohlke ; C. M. Lindgren ; J. S. Beckmann ; I. Barroso ; K. E. North ; E. Ingelsson ; J. N. Hirschhorn ; R. J. Loos ; E. K. Speliotes
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Published 2015Staff ViewPublication Date: 2015-02-13Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Adipogenesis/genetics ; Adiposity/genetics ; Age Factors ; *Body Mass Index ; Continental Population Groups/genetics ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Europe/ethnology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; *Genome-Wide Association Study ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism/secretion ; Male ; Obesity/*genetics/*metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics ; Synapses/metabolismPublished by: -
5G. B. Ehret ; P. B. Munroe ; K. M. Rice ; M. Bochud ; A. D. Johnson ; D. I. Chasman ; A. V. Smith ; M. D. Tobin ; G. C. Verwoert ; S. J. Hwang ; V. Pihur ; P. Vollenweider ; P. F. O'Reilly ; N. Amin ; J. L. Bragg-Gresham ; A. Teumer ; N. L. Glazer ; L. Launer ; J. H. Zhao ; Y. Aulchenko ; S. Heath ; S. Sober ; A. Parsa ; J. Luan ; P. Arora ; A. Dehghan ; F. Zhang ; G. Lucas ; A. A. Hicks ; A. U. Jackson ; J. F. Peden ; T. Tanaka ; S. H. Wild ; I. Rudan ; W. Igl ; Y. Milaneschi ; A. N. Parker ; C. Fava ; J. C. Chambers ; E. R. Fox ; M. Kumari ; M. J. Go ; P. van der Harst ; W. H. Kao ; M. Sjogren ; D. G. Vinay ; M. Alexander ; Y. Tabara ; S. Shaw-Hawkins ; P. H. Whincup ; Y. Liu ; G. Shi ; J. Kuusisto ; B. Tayo ; M. Seielstad ; X. Sim ; K. D. Nguyen ; T. Lehtimaki ; G. Matullo ; Y. Wu ; T. R. Gaunt ; N. C. Onland-Moret ; M. N. Cooper ; C. G. Platou ; E. Org ; R. Hardy ; S. Dahgam ; J. Palmen ; V. Vitart ; P. S. Braund ; T. Kuznetsova ; C. S. Uiterwaal ; A. Adeyemo ; W. Palmas ; H. Campbell ; B. Ludwig ; M. Tomaszewski ; I. Tzoulaki ; N. D. Palmer ; T. Aspelund ; M. Garcia ; Y. P. Chang ; J. R. O'Connell ; N. I. Steinle ; D. E. Grobbee ; D. E. Arking ; S. L. Kardia ; A. C. Morrison ; D. Hernandez ; S. Najjar ; W. L. McArdle ; D. Hadley ; M. J. Brown ; J. M. Connell ; A. D. Hingorani ; I. N. Day ; D. A. Lawlor ; J. P. Beilby ; R. W. Lawrence ; R. Clarke ; J. C. Hopewell ; H. Ongen ; A. W. Dreisbach ; Y. Li ; J. H. Young ; J. C. Bis ; M. Kahonen ; J. Viikari ; L. S. Adair ; N. R. Lee ; M. H. Chen ; M. Olden ; C. Pattaro ; J. A. Bolton ; A. Kottgen ; S. Bergmann ; V. Mooser ; N. Chaturvedi ; T. M. Frayling ; M. Islam ; T. H. Jafar ; J. Erdmann ; S. R. Kulkarni ; S. R. Bornstein ; J. Grassler ; L. Groop ; B. F. Voight ; J. Kettunen ; P. Howard ; A. Taylor ; S. Guarrera ; F. Ricceri ; V. Emilsson ; A. Plump ; I. Barroso ; K. T. Khaw ; A. B. Weder ; S. C. Hunt ; Y. V. Sun ; R. N. Bergman ; F. S. Collins ; L. L. Bonnycastle ; L. J. Scott ; H. M. Stringham ; L. Peltonen ; M. Perola ; E. Vartiainen ; S. M. Brand ; J. A. Staessen ; T. J. Wang ; P. R. Burton ; M. Soler Artigas ; Y. Dong ; H. Snieder ; X. Wang ; H. Zhu ; K. K. Lohman ; M. E. Rudock ; S. R. Heckbert ; N. L. Smith ; K. L. Wiggins ; A. Doumatey ; D. Shriner ; G. Veldre ; M. Viigimaa ; S. Kinra ; D. Prabhakaran ; V. Tripathy ; C. D. Langefeld ; A. Rosengren ; D. S. Thelle ; A. M. Corsi ; A. Singleton ; T. Forrester ; G. Hilton ; C. A. McKenzie ; T. Salako ; N. Iwai ; Y. Kita ; T. Ogihara ; T. Ohkubo ; T. Okamura ; H. Ueshima ; S. Umemura ; S. Eyheramendy ; T. Meitinger ; H. E. Wichmann ; Y. S. Cho ; H. L. Kim ; J. Y. Lee ; J. Scott ; J. S. Sehmi ; W. Zhang ; B. Hedblad ; P. Nilsson ; G. D. Smith ; A. Wong ; N. Narisu ; A. Stancakova ; L. J. Raffel ; J. Yao ; S. Kathiresan ; C. J. O'Donnell ; S. M. Schwartz ; M. A. Ikram ; W. T. Longstreth, Jr. ; T. H. Mosley ; S. Seshadri ; N. R. Shrine ; L. V. Wain ; M. A. Morken ; A. J. Swift ; J. Laitinen ; I. Prokopenko ; P. Zitting ; J. A. Cooper ; S. E. Humphries ; J. Danesh ; A. Rasheed ; A. Goel ; A. Hamsten ; H. Watkins ; S. J. Bakker ; W. H. van Gilst ; C. S. Janipalli ; K. R. Mani ; C. S. Yajnik ; A. Hofman ; F. U. Mattace-Raso ; B. A. Oostra ; A. Demirkan ; A. Isaacs ; F. Rivadeneira ; E. G. Lakatta ; M. Orru ; A. Scuteri ; M. Ala-Korpela ; A. J. Kangas ; L. P. Lyytikainen ; P. Soininen ; T. Tukiainen ; P. Wurtz ; R. T. Ong ; M. Dorr ; H. K. Kroemer ; U. Volker ; H. Volzke ; P. Galan ; S. Hercberg ; M. Lathrop ; D. Zelenika ; P. Deloukas ; M. Mangino ; T. D. Spector ; G. Zhai ; J. F. Meschia ; M. A. Nalls ; P. Sharma ; J. Terzic ; M. V. Kumar ; M. Denniff ; E. Zukowska-Szczechowska ; L. E. Wagenknecht ; F. G. Fowkes ; F. J. Charchar ; P. E. Schwarz ; C. Hayward ; X. Guo ; C. Rotimi ; M. L. Bots ; E. Brand ; N. J. Samani ; O. Polasek ; P. J. Talmud ; F. Nyberg ; D. Kuh ; M. Laan ; K. Hveem ; L. J. Palmer ; Y. T. van der Schouw ; J. P. Casas ; K. L. Mohlke ; P. Vineis ; O. Raitakari ; S. K. Ganesh ; T. Y. Wong ; E. S. Tai ; R. S. Cooper ; M. Laakso ; D. C. Rao ; T. B. Harris ; R. W. Morris ; A. F. Dominiczak ; M. Kivimaki ; M. G. Marmot ; T. Miki ; D. Saleheen ; G. R. Chandak ; J. Coresh ; G. Navis ; V. Salomaa ; B. G. Han ; X. Zhu ; J. S. Kooner ; O. Melander ; P. M. Ridker ; S. Bandinelli ; U. B. Gyllensten ; A. F. Wright ; J. F. Wilson ; L. Ferrucci ; M. Farrall ; J. Tuomilehto ; P. P. Pramstaller ; R. Elosua ; N. Soranzo ; E. J. Sijbrands ; D. Altshuler ; R. J. Loos ; A. R. Shuldiner ; C. Gieger ; P. Meneton ; A. G. Uitterlinden ; N. J. Wareham ; V. Gudnason ; J. I. Rotter ; R. Rettig ; M. Uda ; D. P. Strachan ; J. C. Witteman ; A. L. Hartikainen ; J. S. Beckmann ; E. Boerwinkle ; R. S. Vasan ; M. Boehnke ; M. G. Larson ; M. R. Jarvelin ; B. M. Psaty ; G. R. Abecasis ; A. Chakravarti ; P. Elliott ; C. M. van Duijn ; C. Newton-Cheh ; D. Levy ; M. J. Caulfield ; T. Johnson
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Published 2011Staff ViewPublication Date: 2011-09-13Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Africa/ethnology ; Asia/ethnology ; Blood Pressure/*genetics/physiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*genetics ; Coronary Artery Disease/genetics ; Europe/ethnology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Hypertension/genetics ; Kidney Diseases/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics ; Stroke/geneticsPublished by: -
6J. Yang ; R. J. Loos ; J. E. Powell ; S. E. Medland ; E. K. Speliotes ; D. I. Chasman ; L. M. Rose ; G. Thorleifsson ; V. Steinthorsdottir ; R. Magi ; L. Waite ; A. V. Smith ; L. M. Yerges-Armstrong ; K. L. Monda ; D. Hadley ; A. Mahajan ; G. Li ; K. Kapur ; V. Vitart ; J. E. Huffman ; S. R. Wang ; C. Palmer ; T. Esko ; K. Fischer ; J. H. Zhao ; A. Demirkan ; A. Isaacs ; M. F. Feitosa ; J. Luan ; N. L. Heard-Costa ; C. White ; A. U. Jackson ; M. Preuss ; A. Ziegler ; J. Eriksson ; Z. Kutalik ; F. Frau ; I. M. Nolte ; J. V. Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk ; J. J. Hottenga ; K. B. Jacobs ; N. Verweij ; A. Goel ; C. Medina-Gomez ; K. Estrada ; J. L. Bragg-Gresham ; S. Sanna ; C. Sidore ; J. Tyrer ; A. Teumer ; I. Prokopenko ; M. Mangino ; C. M. Lindgren ; T. L. Assimes ; A. R. Shuldiner ; J. Hui ; J. P. Beilby ; W. L. McArdle ; P. Hall ; T. Haritunians ; L. Zgaga ; I. Kolcic ; O. Polasek ; T. Zemunik ; B. A. Oostra ; M. J. Junttila ; H. Gronberg ; S. Schreiber ; A. Peters ; A. A. Hicks ; J. Stephens ; N. S. Foad ; J. Laitinen ; A. Pouta ; M. Kaakinen ; G. Willemsen ; J. M. Vink ; S. H. Wild ; G. Navis ; F. W. Asselbergs ; G. Homuth ; U. John ; C. Iribarren ; T. Harris ; L. Launer ; V. Gudnason ; J. R. O'Connell ; E. Boerwinkle ; G. Cadby ; L. J. Palmer ; A. L. James ; A. W. Musk ; E. Ingelsson ; B. M. Psaty ; J. S. Beckmann ; G. Waeber ; P. Vollenweider ; C. Hayward ; A. F. Wright ; I. Rudan ; L. C. Groop ; A. Metspalu ; K. T. Khaw ; C. M. van Duijn ; I. B. Borecki ; M. A. Province ; N. J. Wareham ; J. C. Tardif ; H. V. Huikuri ; L. A. Cupples ; L. D. Atwood ; C. S. Fox ; M. Boehnke ; F. S. Collins ; K. L. Mohlke ; J. Erdmann ; H. Schunkert ; C. Hengstenberg ; K. Stark ; M. Lorentzon ; C. Ohlsson ; D. Cusi ; J. A. Staessen ; M. M. Van der Klauw ; P. P. Pramstaller ; S. Kathiresan ; J. D. Jolley ; S. Ripatti ; M. R. Jarvelin ; E. J. de Geus ; D. I. Boomsma ; B. Penninx ; J. F. Wilson ; H. Campbell ; S. J. Chanock ; P. van der Harst ; A. Hamsten ; H. Watkins ; A. Hofman ; J. C. Witteman ; M. C. Zillikens ; A. G. Uitterlinden ; F. Rivadeneira ; L. A. Kiemeney ; S. H. Vermeulen ; G. R. Abecasis ; D. Schlessinger ; S. Schipf ; M. Stumvoll ; A. Tonjes ; T. D. Spector ; K. E. North ; G. Lettre ; M. I. McCarthy ; S. I. Berndt ; A. C. Heath ; P. A. Madden ; D. R. Nyholt ; G. W. Montgomery ; N. G. Martin ; B. McKnight ; D. P. Strachan ; W. G. Hill ; H. Snieder ; P. M. Ridker ; U. Thorsteinsdottir ; K. Stefansson ; T. M. Frayling ; J. N. Hirschhorn ; M. E. Goddard ; P. M. Visscher
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Published 2012Staff ViewPublication Date: 2012-09-18Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Body Height/genetics ; *Body Mass Index ; Co-Repressor Proteins ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; *Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteins/*genetics ; Repressor Proteins/geneticsPublished by: -
7Carrier, L. ; Hengstenberg, C. ; Beckmann, J. S. ; Guicheney, P. ; Dufour, C. ; Bercovici, J. ; Dausse, E. ; Berebbi-Bertrand, I. ; Wisnewsky, C. ; Pulvenis, D. ; Fetler, L. ; Vignal, A. ; Weissenbach, J. ; Hillaire, D. ; Feingold, J. ; Bouhour, J.-B. ; Hagege, A. ; Desnos, M. ; Isnard, R. ; Dubourg, O. ; Komajda, M. ; Schwartz, K.
[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
Published 1993Staff ViewISSN: 1546-1718Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009Topics: BiologyMedicineNotes: [Auszug] Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is a cardiac disorder transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. FHC has been shown to be genetically heterogeneous with less than 50% of published pedigrees being associated with mutations in the p myosin heavy chain (β–MHC) gene on chromosome ...Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
8Staff View
ISSN: 1546-1696Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009Topics: BiologyProcess Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition TechnologyNotes: [Auszug] Molecular genetics provides the ability to uncover numerous and versatile genetic markers at the DNA level. At present, the most useful among these are restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). We discuss here the possible applications of these methodologies to the genetic improvement of ...Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
9Staff View
ISSN: 1546-1696Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009Topics: BiologyProcess Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition TechnologyNotes: [Auszug] The genomes of all eukaryotes appear to contain a special class of loci, termed microsatellites, which can serve, if sequenced and taken as the substrate for the polymerase chain reaction, as highly informative, locus-specific markers. By analogy to the “sequence tagged sites” recently ...Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
10Hilbert, P. ; Lindpaintner, K. ; Beckmann, J. S. ; Serikawa, T. ; Soubrier, F. ; Dubay, C. ; Cartwright, P. ; Gouyon, B. De ; Julier, C. ; Takahasi, S. ; Vincent, M. ; Ganten, D. ; Georges, M. ; Lathrop, G. M.
[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
Published 1991Staff ViewISSN: 1476-4687Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsNotes: [Auszug] The spontaneously hypertensive rat and the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat are useful models for human hypertension. In these strains hypertension is a polygenic trait, in which both autosomal and sex-linked genes can influence blood pressure1–7. Linkage studies in ...Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
11Froguel, Ph. ; Vaxillaire, M. ; Sun, F. ; Velho, G. ; Zouali, H. ; Butel, M. O. ; Lesage, S. ; Vionnet, N. ; Clément, K. ; Fougerousse, F. ; Tanizawa, Y. ; Weissenbach, J. ; Beckmann, J. S. ; Lathrop, G. M. ; Passa, Ph. ; Permutt, M. A. ; Cohen, D.
[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
Published 1992Staff ViewISSN: 1476-4687Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsNotes: [Auszug] Although clinical and metabolic profiles of families with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) are diverse5, most MODY patients present a decreased insulin response to glucose, suggesting a primary pancreatic /3-cell defect6. Genes whose products seem to be involved in insulin secretion ...Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
12Salts, Y. ; Herrmann, R. G. ; Peleg, N. ; Lavi, U. ; Izhar, S. ; Frankel, R. ; Beckmann, J. S.
Springer
Published 1984Staff ViewISSN: 1432-2242Keywords: Nicotiana ; Evolution of plastid DNA ; Comparative restriction site mapping ; Insertions and deletionsSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Summary Plastid DNA of seven American and four Australian species of the genus Nicotiana was examined by restriction endonuclease analysis using the enzymes Sal I, Bgl I, Pst I, Kpn I, Xho I, Pvu II and Eco RI. These endonucleases collectively distinguish more than 120 sites on N. tabacum plastid DNA. The DNAs of all ten species exhibited restriction patterns distinguishable from those of N. tabacum for at least one of the enzymes used. All distinctive sites were physically mapped taking advantage of the restriction cleavage site map available for plastid DNA from Nicotiana tabacum (Seyer et al. 1981). This map was extended for the restriction endonucleases Pst I and Kpn I. In spite of variation in detail, the overall fragment order was found to be the same for plastid DNA from the eleven Nicotiana species. Most of the DNA changes resulted from small insertions/deletions and, possibly, inversions. They are located within seven regions scattered along the plastid chromosome. The divergence pattern of the Nicotiana plastid chromosomes was strikingly similar to that found in the genus Oenothera subsection Euoenothera (Gordon et al. 1982). The possible role of replication as a factor in the evolution of divergence patterns is discussed. The restriction patterns of plastid DNA from species within a continent resembled each other with one exception in each instance. The American species N. repanda showed patterns similar to those of most Australian species, and those of the Australian species N. debneyi resembled those of most American species.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
13Staff View
ISSN: 1432-2242Keywords: Quantitative trait ; Genetic markers ; QTL ; Linkage analysis ; QTL mappingSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Summary Methods are presented for determining linkage between a marker locus and a nearby locus affecting a quantitative trait (quantitative trait locus=QTL), based on changes in the marker allele frequencies in selection lines derived from the F-2 of a cross between inbred lines, or in the “high” and “low” phenotypic classes of an F-2 or BC population. The power of such trait-based (TB) analyses was evaluated and compared with that of methods for determining linkage based on the mean quantitative trait value of marker genotypes in F-2 or BC populations [marker-based (MB) analyses]. TB analyses can be utilized for marker-QTL linkage determination in situations where the MB analysis is not applicable, including analysis of polygenic resistance traits where only a part of the population survives exposure to the Stressor and analysis of marker-allele frequency changes in selection lines. TB analyses may be a useful alternative to MB analyses when interest is centered on a single quantitative trait only and costs of scoring for markers are high compared with costs of raising and obtaining quantitative trait information on F-2 or BC individuals. In this case, a TB analysis will enable equivalent power to be obtained with fewer individuals scored for the marker, but more individuals scored for the quantitative trait. MB analyses remain the method of choice when more than one quantitative trait is to be analyzed in a given population.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
14Staff View
ISSN: 1432-2242Keywords: Quantitative trait locus (QTL) ; Genetic markers ; Mapping QTL ; Recombinant inbred lines ; Doubled haploidsSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Summary When heritability of the trait under investigation is low, replicated progenies can bring about a major reduction in the number of individuals that need to be scored for marker genotype in determining linkage between marker loci and quantitative trait loci (QTL). Savings are greatest when heritability of the trait is low, but are much reduced when heritability of the quantitative trait is moderate to high. Required numbers for recombinant inbred lines will be greater than those required for a simple F2 population when heritabilities are moderate to high and the proportion of recombination between marker locus and quantitative trait locus is substantial.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
15Staff View
ISSN: 1432-2242Keywords: Insertional mutagenesis ; Quantitative trait loci ; CloningSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Summary This study explores the theoretical potential of “insertional mutagenesis” (i.e., mutagenesis as a result of integration of novel DNA sequences into the germ line), as a means of cloning quantitative trait loci (QTL). The approach presented is based on a direct search for mutagenic effects of a quantitative nature, and makes no assumptions as to the nature of the loci affecting quantitative trait value. Since there are a very large number of potential insertion sites in the genome but only a limited number of target sites that can affect any particular trait, large numbers of inserts will have to be generated and screened. The effects of allelic variants at any single QTL on phenotype value are expected to be small relative to sampling variation. Thus two of three stages of replicate testing will be required for each insert in order to bring overall Type I error down to negligible proportions and yet maintain good statistical power for inserts with true effects on the quantitative traits under consideration. The overall effort involved will depend on the spectrum of mutagenic effects produced by insertional mutagenesis. This spectrum is presently unknown, but using reasonable estimates, about 10,000 inserts would have to be tested, at reasonable replicate numbers (n ≧ 30) and Type I error (α=0.01) in the first testing stage, to provide a high likelihood of detecting at least one insert with a true effect on a given quantitative trait of interest. Total offspring numbers required per true quantitative mutagenic effect detected decrease strongly with increased number of traits scored and increased number of inserts per initial transformed parent. In fact, it would appear that successful implementation of experiments of this sort will require the introduction of multiple independent inserts in the original parent individuals, by means of repeated transformation, or use of transposable elements as inserts. When biologically feasible, selfing would appear to be the method of choice for insert replication, and in all cases the experiments must be carried out in inbred lines to reduce error variation due to genetic segregation, and avoid confounding mutational effects of the insert with effects due to linkage with nearby segregating QTL. The special qualifications of Arabidopsis thaliana for studies of this sort are emphasized, and problems raised by somaclonal variation are discussed.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
16Staff View
ISSN: 1432-2242Keywords: Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) ; Variable number tandem repeat regions (VNTRs) ; Quantitative trait loci (QTL) ; Marker-QTL linkageSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Summary By making use of pedigree information and information on marker-genotypes of the parent and F-1 individuals crossed to form an F-2 population, it is possible to carry out a linkage analysis between marker loci and loci affecting quantitative traits in a cross between segregating parent populations that are at fixation for alternative alleles at the QTL, but share the same alleles at the marker loci. For two-allele systems, depending on marker allele frequencies in the parent populations, 2–4 times as many F-2 offspring will have to be raised and scored for markers and quantitative traits in order to provide power equivalent to that obtained in a cross between fully inbred lines. Major savings in number of F-2 offspring raised can be achieved by scoring each parent pair for a large number of markers in each chromosomal region and scoring F-1 and F-2 offspring only for those markers for which the parents were homozygous for alternative alleles. For multiple allele systems, particularly when dealing with hypervariable loci, only 10%–20% additional F-2 offspring will have to be raised and scored to provide power equivalent to that obtained in a cross between inbred lines. When a resource population contains novel favorable alleles at quantitative trait loci that are not present (or rare) in a commercial population, analyses of this sort will enable the loci of interest to be identified, mapped and manipulated effectively in breeding programs.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
17Staff View
ISSN: 1432-2242Keywords: Genetic polymorphisms ; Genetic markers ; Genetic improvement ; Varietal identificationSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Summary New sources of genetic polymorphisms promise significant additions to the number of useful genetic markers in agricultural plants and animals, and prompt this review of potential applications of polymorphic genetic markers in plant and animal breeding. Two major areas of application can be distinguished. The first is based on the utilization of genetic markers to determine genetic relationships. These applications include varietal identification, protection of breeder's rights, and parentage determination. The second area of application is based on the use of genetic markers to identify and map loci affecting quantitative traits, and to monitor these loci during introgression or selection programs. A variety of breeding applications based on these possibilities can be envisaged for Selfers, particularly for those species having a relatively small genome size. These applications include: (i) screening genetic resources for useful quantitative trait alleles, and introgression of chromosome segments containing these alleles from resource strain to commercial variety; (ii) development of improved pure lines out of a cross between two existing commercial varieties; and (iii) development of crosses showing increased hybrid vigor. Breeding applications in segregating populations are more limited, particularly in species with a relatively large genome size. Potential applications, however, include: (i) preliminary selection of young males in dairy cattle on the basis of evaluated chromosomes of their proven sire; (ii) genetic analysis of resource strains characterized by high values for a particular quantitative trait, and introgression of chromosome segments carrying alleles contributing to the high values from resource strain to recipient strain.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
18Staff View
ISSN: 1432-2242Keywords: Restriction fragments ; Polymorphisms ; Genetic markers ; Genetic improvementSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Summary Recently a new class of genetic polymorphism, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), has been uncovered by the use of restriction endonucleases which cleave DNA molecules at specific sites and cloned DNA probes which detect specific homologous DNA fragments. RFLPs promise to be exceedingly numerous and are expected to have genetic characteristics — lack of dominance, multiple allelic forms and absence of pleiotropic effects on economic traits — of particular usefulness in breeding programs. The nature of RFLPs and the methodologies involved in their detection are described and estimated costs per polymorphism determination are derived. The anticipated costs of applying RFLPs to genome mapping are considered in terms of the number of RFLPs required for a given degree of genome coverage, the number of probe × enzyme combinations tested per polymorphism uncovered, and the total number of individuals and polymorphisms scored for mapping purposes. The anticipated costs of applying RFLPs to genetic improvement are considered in terms of the number of individuals and the number of polymorphisms per individual that are scored for the various applications. Applications considered include: varietal identification, identification and mapping of quantitative trait loci, screening genetic resource strains for useful quantitative trait alleles and their marker-assisted introgression from resource strain to commercial variety, and marker-assited early selection of recombinant inbred lines in plant pedigree breeding programs and of young sires in dairy cattle improvement programs. In most cases anticipated costs appear to be commensurate with the scientific or economic value of the application.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
19Staff View
ISSN: 1573-5060Keywords: Agricultural crops ; horticultural crops ; forestry crops ; RFLPs ; genetic mapping ; breeding ; quantitative traits ; QTLs ; breeders rightsSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, NutritionNotes: Abstract Evidence is accumulating demonstrating the ubiquity and abundance of a new class of genetic markers, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). These markers should allow the genetic map of agricultural species to be saturated in the near future. This holds great promise for useful applications, including: protection of breeder's rights, and more effective means for the characterization and manipulation of individual genetic loci affecting traits of economic importance.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
20Kashi, Y. ; Nave, A. ; Darvasi, A. ; Gruenbaum, Y. ; Soller, M. ; Beckmann, J. S.
Springer
Published 1994Staff ViewISSN: 1432-1777Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyMedicineNotes: Abstract Minisatellites, microsatellites, and short random oligonucleotides all uncover highly polymorphic DNA fingerprint patterns in Southern analysis of genomic DNA that has been digested with a restriction enzyme having a 4-bp specificity. The polymorphic nature of the fragments is attributed to tandem repeat number variation of embedded minisatellite sequences. This explains why DNA fingerprint fragments are uncovered by minisatellite probes, but does not explain how it is that they are also uncovered by microsatellite and random oligonucleotide probes. To clarify this phenomenon, we sequenced a large bovine genomic BamHI restriction fragment hybridizing to the Jeffreys 33.6 minisatellite probe and consisting of small and large Sau3A-resistant subfragments. The large Sau3A subfragment was found to have a complex architecture, consisting of two different minisatellites, flanked and separated by stretches of unique DNA. The three unique sequences were characterized by sequence simplicity, that is, a higher than chance occurrence of tandem or dispersed repetition of simple sequence motifs. This complex repetitive structure explains the absence of Sau3A restriction sites in the large Sau3A subfragment, yet provides this subfragment with the ability to hybridize to a variety of probe sequences. It is proposed that a large class of interspered tracts sharing this complex yet simplified sequence structure is found in the genome. Each such tract would have a broad ability to hybridize to a variety of probes, yet would exhibit a dearth of restriction sites. For each restriction enzyme having 4-bp specificity, a subclass of such tracts, completely lacking the corresponding restriction sites, will be present. On digestion with the given restriction enzyme, each such tract would form a large fragment. The largest fragments would be those that contained one or more long minisatellite tracts. Some of these large fragments would be highly polymorphic by virtue of the included minisatellite sequences; by virtue of their complex structure, all would be capable of hybridizing to a wide variety of probes, uncovering a DNA fingerprint pattern.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: