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1G. B. Ehret ; P. B. Munroe ; K. M. Rice ; M. Bochud ; A. D. Johnson ; D. I. Chasman ; A. V. Smith ; M. D. Tobin ; G. C. Verwoert ; S. J. Hwang ; V. Pihur ; P. Vollenweider ; P. F. O'Reilly ; N. Amin ; J. L. Bragg-Gresham ; A. Teumer ; N. L. Glazer ; L. Launer ; J. H. Zhao ; Y. Aulchenko ; S. Heath ; S. Sober ; A. Parsa ; J. Luan ; P. Arora ; A. Dehghan ; F. Zhang ; G. Lucas ; A. A. Hicks ; A. U. Jackson ; J. F. Peden ; T. Tanaka ; S. H. Wild ; I. Rudan ; W. Igl ; Y. Milaneschi ; A. N. Parker ; C. Fava ; J. C. Chambers ; E. R. Fox ; M. Kumari ; M. J. Go ; P. van der Harst ; W. H. Kao ; M. Sjogren ; D. G. Vinay ; M. Alexander ; Y. Tabara ; S. Shaw-Hawkins ; P. H. Whincup ; Y. Liu ; G. Shi ; J. Kuusisto ; B. Tayo ; M. Seielstad ; X. Sim ; K. D. Nguyen ; T. Lehtimaki ; G. Matullo ; Y. Wu ; T. R. Gaunt ; N. C. Onland-Moret ; M. N. Cooper ; C. G. Platou ; E. Org ; R. Hardy ; S. Dahgam ; J. Palmen ; V. Vitart ; P. S. Braund ; T. Kuznetsova ; C. S. Uiterwaal ; A. Adeyemo ; W. Palmas ; H. Campbell ; B. Ludwig ; M. Tomaszewski ; I. Tzoulaki ; N. D. Palmer ; T. Aspelund ; M. Garcia ; Y. P. Chang ; J. R. O'Connell ; N. I. Steinle ; D. E. Grobbee ; D. E. Arking ; S. L. Kardia ; A. C. Morrison ; D. Hernandez ; S. Najjar ; W. L. McArdle ; D. Hadley ; M. J. Brown ; J. M. Connell ; A. D. Hingorani ; I. N. Day ; D. A. Lawlor ; J. P. Beilby ; R. W. Lawrence ; R. Clarke ; J. C. Hopewell ; H. Ongen ; A. W. Dreisbach ; Y. Li ; J. H. Young ; J. C. Bis ; M. Kahonen ; J. Viikari ; L. S. Adair ; N. R. Lee ; M. H. Chen ; M. Olden ; C. Pattaro ; J. A. Bolton ; A. Kottgen ; S. Bergmann ; V. Mooser ; N. Chaturvedi ; T. M. Frayling ; M. Islam ; T. H. Jafar ; J. Erdmann ; S. R. Kulkarni ; S. R. Bornstein ; J. Grassler ; L. Groop ; B. F. Voight ; J. Kettunen ; P. Howard ; A. Taylor ; S. Guarrera ; F. Ricceri ; V. Emilsson ; A. Plump ; I. Barroso ; K. T. Khaw ; A. B. Weder ; S. C. Hunt ; Y. V. Sun ; R. N. Bergman ; F. S. Collins ; L. L. Bonnycastle ; L. J. Scott ; H. M. Stringham ; L. Peltonen ; M. Perola ; E. Vartiainen ; S. M. Brand ; J. A. Staessen ; T. J. Wang ; P. R. Burton ; M. Soler Artigas ; Y. Dong ; H. Snieder ; X. Wang ; H. Zhu ; K. K. Lohman ; M. E. Rudock ; S. R. Heckbert ; N. L. Smith ; K. L. Wiggins ; A. Doumatey ; D. Shriner ; G. Veldre ; M. Viigimaa ; S. Kinra ; D. Prabhakaran ; V. Tripathy ; C. D. Langefeld ; A. Rosengren ; D. S. Thelle ; A. M. Corsi ; A. Singleton ; T. Forrester ; G. Hilton ; C. A. McKenzie ; T. Salako ; N. Iwai ; Y. Kita ; T. Ogihara ; T. Ohkubo ; T. Okamura ; H. Ueshima ; S. Umemura ; S. Eyheramendy ; T. Meitinger ; H. E. Wichmann ; Y. S. Cho ; H. L. Kim ; J. Y. Lee ; J. Scott ; J. S. Sehmi ; W. Zhang ; B. Hedblad ; P. Nilsson ; G. D. Smith ; A. Wong ; N. Narisu ; A. Stancakova ; L. J. Raffel ; J. Yao ; S. Kathiresan ; C. J. O'Donnell ; S. M. Schwartz ; M. A. Ikram ; W. T. Longstreth, Jr. ; T. H. Mosley ; S. Seshadri ; N. R. Shrine ; L. V. Wain ; M. A. Morken ; A. J. Swift ; J. Laitinen ; I. Prokopenko ; P. Zitting ; J. A. Cooper ; S. E. Humphries ; J. Danesh ; A. Rasheed ; A. Goel ; A. Hamsten ; H. Watkins ; S. J. Bakker ; W. H. van Gilst ; C. S. Janipalli ; K. R. Mani ; C. S. Yajnik ; A. Hofman ; F. U. Mattace-Raso ; B. A. Oostra ; A. Demirkan ; A. Isaacs ; F. Rivadeneira ; E. G. Lakatta ; M. Orru ; A. Scuteri ; M. Ala-Korpela ; A. J. Kangas ; L. P. Lyytikainen ; P. Soininen ; T. Tukiainen ; P. Wurtz ; R. T. Ong ; M. Dorr ; H. K. Kroemer ; U. Volker ; H. Volzke ; P. Galan ; S. Hercberg ; M. Lathrop ; D. Zelenika ; P. Deloukas ; M. Mangino ; T. D. Spector ; G. Zhai ; J. F. Meschia ; M. A. Nalls ; P. Sharma ; J. Terzic ; M. V. Kumar ; M. Denniff ; E. Zukowska-Szczechowska ; L. E. Wagenknecht ; F. G. Fowkes ; F. J. Charchar ; P. E. Schwarz ; C. Hayward ; X. Guo ; C. Rotimi ; M. L. Bots ; E. Brand ; N. J. Samani ; O. Polasek ; P. J. Talmud ; F. Nyberg ; D. Kuh ; M. Laan ; K. Hveem ; L. J. Palmer ; Y. T. van der Schouw ; J. P. Casas ; K. L. Mohlke ; P. Vineis ; O. Raitakari ; S. K. Ganesh ; T. Y. Wong ; E. S. Tai ; R. S. Cooper ; M. Laakso ; D. C. Rao ; T. B. Harris ; R. W. Morris ; A. F. Dominiczak ; M. Kivimaki ; M. G. Marmot ; T. Miki ; D. Saleheen ; G. R. Chandak ; J. Coresh ; G. Navis ; V. Salomaa ; B. G. Han ; X. Zhu ; J. S. Kooner ; O. Melander ; P. M. Ridker ; S. Bandinelli ; U. B. Gyllensten ; A. F. Wright ; J. F. Wilson ; L. Ferrucci ; M. Farrall ; J. Tuomilehto ; P. P. Pramstaller ; R. Elosua ; N. Soranzo ; E. J. Sijbrands ; D. Altshuler ; R. J. Loos ; A. R. Shuldiner ; C. Gieger ; P. Meneton ; A. G. Uitterlinden ; N. J. Wareham ; V. Gudnason ; J. I. Rotter ; R. Rettig ; M. Uda ; D. P. Strachan ; J. C. Witteman ; A. L. Hartikainen ; J. S. Beckmann ; E. Boerwinkle ; R. S. Vasan ; M. Boehnke ; M. G. Larson ; M. R. Jarvelin ; B. M. Psaty ; G. R. Abecasis ; A. Chakravarti ; P. Elliott ; C. M. van Duijn ; C. Newton-Cheh ; D. Levy ; M. J. Caulfield ; T. Johnson
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Published 2011Staff ViewPublication Date: 2011-09-13Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Africa/ethnology ; Asia/ethnology ; Blood Pressure/*genetics/physiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*genetics ; Coronary Artery Disease/genetics ; Europe/ethnology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Hypertension/genetics ; Kidney Diseases/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics ; Stroke/geneticsPublished by: -
2Die geographische Verbreitung der Hühner-, Sumpf- und Wasservögel im faunistischen Gebiete FinnlandsStaff View
ISSN: 1439-0361Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
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ISSN: 1439-0361Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
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ISSN: 1435-1528Keywords: Linear viscoelasticity ; thermorheological simplicity ; material-specific function ; nonlinear constitutive equation ; strain measureSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyPhysicsNotes: Abstract In linear viscoelastic investigations the frequency dependence of the phase shift between stress and strain appears to be very characteristic of the molecular structure of the material. This function is also a good approximation of the slope of the double logarithmic plot of the absolute value of the shear modulusG d vs. the angular frequencyω. The product (G d /π) sin 2δ comes very close to the relaxation spectrumH(τ), withτ = 1/ω, in all physical states of the material. The experimentally observed separability of time and strain effects in nonlinear viscoelasticity of highly viscous isotropic polymer fluids imposes restraints to the form of the constitutive equation. A single integral superposition equation of the Boltzmann type containing the product of a time function and a nonlinear strain function gives good results in describing experimental data in shear as well as in elongation. The molecular structure affects both functions in a different way. A universal definition of the nonlinear tensorial strain measure has not yet been developed. There are some indications that a definition on the basis of the principal stretch ratios may be fruitful.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
5Staff View
ISSN: 1618-2650Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
6Staff View
ISSN: 1439-0361Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
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ISSN: 1435-1528Keywords: Stress relaxation ; physical aging ; time-temperature superposition ; time-aging time superposition ; ABS/polycarbonate blendSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyPhysicsNotes: Abstract The influence of physical aging on viscoelastic behaviour of heterogeneous amorphous polyblends of ABS and polycarbonate was studied by means of stress relaxation experiments at different temperatures. The stress relaxation data of the constituent phases ABS and PC are found to be in agreement with the universal description of relaxation behaviour of amorphous polymers at the onset of the glass-rubber transition. The regimes where master curve construction by time-temperature and time-aging time superposition is permitted could be deduced for the thermorheologically complex polyblends. It is shown that the relaxation curves of the ABS/PC blends can be calculated by means of a quasi-elastic extension of the van der Poel-model using the stress relaxation data of the constituent phases and their volume fractions.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
8Staff View
ISSN: 0032-3888Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical EngineeringSource: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyMechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision MechanicsPhysicsNotes: An important parameter in the various molding techniques used in polymer processing is the rate of cooling the object. The effect of the thermal history on the linear viscoelastic properties was studied, mainly by means of stress relaxation experiments on ABS samples in which the influence of other process variables was eliminated. In agreement with recent literature data, it appeared that the time dependence of the stress can be represented by a universal formula, provided that no perceptible change in temperature or relaxation of volume takes place during the experiment. The position of the momentary relaxation curve along the time scale can therefore be described by one characteristic mechanical relaxation time tr. The value of tr is affected by the temperature T, but even more by the thermal history, i.e., by the rate of cooling, q, and the annealing time, ta, at the measuring temperature previous to recording of the relaxation curve. In the case of very rapidly quenched samples, exact proportionality was found to exist between tr and ta at temperatures below Tg -15°C. In slowly cooled samples tr can be longer by a factor of ten than in quenched samples, at the same T and at annealing times of about 1 h. The difference decreases with increasing ta, but remains substantial up to ta values much longer than the total cooling time.Additional Material: 7 Ill.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
9Booij, H. C. ; Leblans, P. ; Palmen, J. ; Tiemersma-Thoone, G.
New York : Wiley-Blackwell
Published 1983Staff ViewISSN: 0098-1273Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials ScienceSource: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyPhysicsNotes: This investigation concerns the important class of fluids whose rheological properties are described by a quasilinear viscoelastic constitutive equation of the Boltzmann superposition type. The first Cox-Merz relation is closely approximated by such a fluid if its nonlinearity in shear can be described by the strain measure $ S_{12} (\gamma) = \int_0^\gamma {J_0} (\upsilon)dv $, irrespective of the distribution of its relaxation times and, hence, its linear viscoelastic properties. Here γ equals the shear strain and J0 the zeroth-order Bessel function. The second Cox-Merz relation is met by materials with a different nonlinearity, namely S12(γ) = Si(γ), where Si is the sine integral. Experimental data on melts of a polystyrene and a low-density polyethylene sample were utilized to demonstrate that both Cox-Merz relations cannot hold simultaneously.Additional Material: 5 Ill.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: