Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:J. P. Nicolas)

2012-12-01

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Antarctic Regions ; *Climate Change ; Geographic Information Systems ; Greenland ; *Ice Cover

1398-9995

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1398-9995

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

We have compared the allergenicity of codfish and surimi (prepared from codfish) by skin testing, specific IgE-RIA, and leukocyte histamine release (LHR) in six fish-allergic patients. Prick tests were positive for codfish and, to a lesser extent, surimi. The percentages of labeled anti-IgE bound to surimi-Sepharose were 1.55 ± 0.19% and 3-6% with control and patient sera, respectively. Inhibition of the surimi protein-Sepharose IgE-RIA was greatest (80%) at protein concentrations of 13.4 and 408.5 μg/ml for codfish and surimi extract, respectively. The allergenic protein was isolated by gel filtration and subjected to SDS-PAGE. The eluate from codfish contained several proteins ranging from 13 to 63 kDa, while the eluate from surimi contained a single 63-kDa protein. It was concluded that surimi contained a single allergenic protein.Mata E, Favier C, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Nicolas JP, Han Ching L, Guéant JL. Surimi and native codfish contain a common allergen identified as a 63-kDa protein.

Electronic Resource

1398-9995

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Until now, immunoassays for detection of anti-muscle relaxant IgE in serum have been performed with the drug coupled to epoxy-activated Sepharose or to RAST papers dics. In the present work we have used a quaternary ammonium-Sepharose in which the quaternary ammonium reactive group (choline chloride) was directly coupled to Sepharose via an ether linkage. 50 μl of the quaternary ammonium solid phase (QAS) was incubated with 50 μl of serum for 3 h, washed, incubated 18 h with 125I-anti-IgE and washed again. The results were expressed as the percentage of 125I-anti-IgE adsorbed onto the solid phase. The results were at 1.3±0.5% for 20 control sera, with an upper normal limit estimated to 2.3%. The within-run reproducibility ranged from 3.2% to 10.0%. The results were significantly correlated with those obtained with either alcuronium-epoxy-Sepharose, choline-epoxy-Sepharose, the RAST-alcuronium or with the RAST-succinyl choline (respectively, r - 0.66, r = 0.80, r = 0.81, r = 0.40 and r = 0.85). The values obtained with the sera of 83 patients ranged from 0.3 to 38.5%. The sensitivity was estimated at 87.9%, 66.7% and 40.7% with the QAS-RIA, the RAST-succinyl choline and the RAST-alcuronium, respectively. The inhibition of adsorption of specific IgE onto the gel ranged from 13.0 to 90.6% in presence of 130 nmol of soluble muscle relaxants. In 83.3% of 30 cases, the highest inhibition was obtained with the muscle relaxant which was clinically incriminated. In conclusion, the reactive-solid phase which was used in the present work significantly increased the sensitivity of detection of anti-muscle relaxant IgE in serum.

Electronic Resource

1398-9995

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

We have evaluated the in vitro leukocyte histamine release tests for the diagnosis of allergy to muscle relaxant drugs in 40 patients (Group A) and a control group of 44 subjects with negative leukocyte histamine release (Group B). Non-IgE dependent histamine release, expressed as a percentage of the total blood histamine, was 3.94%± 0.49 in Group B. The upper limit of positivity was estimated to be 5% (mean + 2 SD). Leukocyte histamine release tests were positive in 65 % of the patients from Group A. The concordance between LHR and QAS-RIA was 64%. The maximal histamine release was observed at dilutions of 10−2–10−4 in 20 of the 26 positive cases. The maximal histamine release was 43.8%± 23.3. The spontaneous histamine release was as low as 1.7%± 1.1. Cross-reactivity among the 5 different muscle relaxant drugs has been investigated and compared by intradermal testing. The muscle relaxant drugs which gave the lower skin reaction (M2) and the drug responsible for shock (M1) were selected for the study of in vitro leukocyte histamine release. Of 20 patients, 10 had, simultaneously, a positive test to Ml and a negative to M2. All of the 10 cases had negative ID tests with M2. Three of these patients subsequently underwent general anesthesia with the muscle relaxant chosen as harmless (M2) without any clinical reaction.

Electronic Resource

1398-9995

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The diagnosis of food IgE-dependent hypersensitivity is based on the demonstration of specific IgE, completed by provocation tests. Two immunoenzymatic techniques, the Phadezym and the FAST, are compared with the Phadebas RAST, in 86 sera (23 controls, 28 from patients with a reported food allergy and 35 with a positive RAST to a food allergen). The within-run variation coefficient of class 0–2 sera was 9% for the Phadebas RAST, and higher than 20 % for the Phadezym and the FAST. It was in order of 8.7%, 9.4% and of 17.6% 〉 respectively for Phadebas RAST, Phadezym and FAST when estimated with class 3–4 sera. The specificity was higher than 95 % for the three techniques. The sensitivity was 75% for Phadebas and 43% for Phadezym and FAST. The FAST test is much less sensitive with allergens of vegetal origin than those of animal origin (P 〈 0.01). This work indicates the high percentage of false negative results of immunoenzymatic techniques when food extracts are tested. This could be explained either by an enzyme-substrate reaction or by a non-specific inhibition of the enzyme linked to the anti-IgE IgG.

Electronic Resource

1398-9995

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The specific IgE levels for 11 allergens were compared in 288 patients by means of the Phadebas RAST and the IgE-FAST. Agreement (〈 1 class difference) was observed in 78.7% of the cases. The best agreement was observed with Phleum pratense, egg white, corn, Betula verrucosa and cat epithelium. In 91 cases the results were retrospectively compared with clinical data and skin tests. When RAST and FAST differed (n= 31) 93.5% and 51.6% of the respective results were in agreement with the skin test. When RAST and FAST were similar (n= 60) 81.7% and 80.0% of the respective results were in agreement with the skin test. It was concluded that the RAST and the FAST gave similar results in most cases but that the RAST was more sensitive than the FAST, especially when the results obtained with both methods differed.

Electronic Resource

1460-9568

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Mirtazapine displayed marked affinity for cloned, human α2A-adrenergic (AR) receptors at which it blocked noradrenaline (NA)-induced stimulation of guanosine-5′-O-(3-[35S]thio)-triphosphate ([35S]-GTPγS) binding. Similarly, mirtazapine showed high affinity for cloned, human serotonin (5-HT)2C receptors at which it abolished 5-HT-induced phosphoinositide generation. Alpha2-AR antagonist properties were revealed in vivo by blockade of UK-14,304-induced antinociception, while antagonist actions at 5-HT2C receptors were demonstrated by blockade of Ro 60 0175-induced penile erections and discriminative stimulus properties. Mirtazapine showed negligible affinity for 5-HT reuptake sites, in contrast to the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, citalopram. In freely moving rats, in the dorsal hippocampus, frontal cortex (FCX), nucleus accumbens and striatum, citalopram increased dialysate levels of 5-HT, but not dopamine (DA) and NA. On the contrary, mirtazapine markedly elevated dialysate levels of NA and, in FCX, DA, whereas 5-HT was not affected. Citalopram inhibited the firing rate of serotonergic neurons in dorsal raphe nucleus, but not of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area, nor adrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus. Mirtazapine, in contrast, enhanced the firing rate of dopaminergic and adrenergic, but not serotonergic, neurons. Following 2 weeks administration, the facilitatory influence of mirtazapine upon dialysate levels of DA and NA versus 5-HT in FCX was maintained, and the influence of citalopram upon FCX levels of 5-HT versus DA and NA was also unchanged. Moreover, citalopram still inhibited, and mirtazapine still failed to influence, dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons. In conclusion, in contrast to citalopram, mirtazapine reinforces frontocortical dopaminergic and corticolimbic adrenergic, but not serotonergic, transmission. These actions reflect antagonist properties at α2A-AR and 5-HT2C receptors.

Electronic Resource

1365-2621

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

To obtain proteins from OO rapeseed meal for use in human food, a first step was realized by fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus spT3. The meal's fermentation during 40 h resulted in degradation of 84% of carbohydrates, 30% of lignin and other polyphenolic components indigestible by nonruminants, and 47% of total glucosinolates which are responsible for goitre. The fermentation improves the nutritional quality of rapeseed meal by degrading undesirable factors.

Electronic Resource

1365-2222

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background Allergy to sesame seeds is often associated with particularly severe reactions, with a high risk of anaphylaxis. The increase in reports of allergic reactions to sesame is probably due to the growing use of sesame seeds or sesame oil in food.Objective To determine the molecular weights of the proteins in three variety of sesame seeds and to study the isoelectric points and the allergenicity of white sesame proteins.Methods Extracts of white, brown and black sesame seeds were prepared. The white sesame extract, mostly used in bakery, was run on SDS-PAGE and two dimensional electrophoresis. Six sera from patients sensitized or symptomatic to sesame seed were used for Western blotting.Results The protein patterns of the white, brown and black sesame extracts showed major quantitative differences. The white extract had the higher protein concentration and contained 15 proteins of 12–79 kDa, some of them having several acidic isoelectric points. The lowest isoelectric point was 4.9 and the highest was 6.4, giving 35 isoforms. Ten of the 15 proteins (12–57.5 kDa) were recognized by specific IgE. The 12–13 kDa and 22–33 kDa proteins could correspond to the main allergens.Conclusion White sesame seeds contain at least 10 allergenic proteins with acidic isoelectric points. In accordance with previous results, two of them seem to contain the major allergens.

Electronic Resource

1365-2222

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background After penicillins, cephalosporins are the betalactams that most often induce IgE-mediated reactions. The development of diagnostic tests has been delayed, however, because the cephalosporin allergenic determinants have not been properly identified.Objective To evaluate the usefulness of skin tests, serum specific IgE assays, and challenges in diagnosing immediate reactions to cephalosporins and to clarify the pathogenic mechanism of such reactions.Methods We studied 76 adults with immediate reactions to cephalosporins, mainly ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. Skin tests and serum specific IgE assays were performed for culprit cephalosporins and cefaclor, as well as for penicillin, amoxicillin, and ampicillin. Some subjects with negative results underwent challenges and re-evaluations. Responses to cephalosporins other than the culprit ones were also studied.Results In the first allergologic work-up, an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to penicillins and/or cephalosporins was diagnosed in 63 (82.9%) of the 76 patients on the basis of skin-test and/or specific IgE assay positivity. Of the 13 negative patients, eight accepted challenges and underwent re-evaluations. Considering both first- and second-evaluation results, the skin-test-positivity rate increased from 76.3% to 85.5% and that of sepharose-radioimmunoassay positivity from 67.1% to 74.3%. Overall, an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity was diagnosed in 70 patients (in seven after retesting). On the basis of skin-test and CAP-FEIA results, we classified our 76 patients into five groups: group A (three patients), positive only to penicillin reagents; B (17), positive to both cephalosporin and penicillin reagents; C (24), positive to more than one cephalosporin; D (21), positive only to the responsible cephalosporin; E (11) negative to skin tests and CAP-FEIA, including five sepharose-radioimmunoassay positive.Conclusions Most immediate reactions to cephalosporins appear to be IgE-mediated. Cephalosporin skin testing and sepharose-radioimmunoassay are useful tools for evaluating these reactions. Cephalosporin IgE-mediated hypersensitivity may be a transient condition; therefore, allergologic exams should be repeated in patients with negative initial allergologic work-ups, including challenges.

Electronic Resource

1749-6632

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

0009-8981

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1398-9995

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1398-9995

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

An egg protein, lysozyme, is a still unlabeled additive currently used in cheese preparation. Furthermore, the WHO-FAO committee considers it innocuous. However, 31% of children and 8% of adults with food allergies are allergic to eggs. This work aimed to determine the percentage of patients sensitized to lysozyme from a population of egg-allergic patients. Specific IgE was determined with Cap RAST in 52 patients clinically allergic to egg. Thirty-five percent of egg-allergic patients had antilysozyme IgE. Given this high incidence of lysosozyme sensitization, it seems that the presence of lysozyme should be indicated on food labels.

Electronic Resource

0009-8981

Cobalamin ; Cobalamin analogues ; Cobalamin-binding protein ; Cystic fibrosis ; Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Medicine

Electronic Resource

0009-8981

Cobalamin-binding proteins ; Cystic fibrosis ; Glycoprotein

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Medicine

Electronic Resource

0014-5793

(Testis) ; Androgen-binding protein ; HPLC

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0014-5793

Cobalamin ; Glycoprotein ; High-performance liquid chromatography Ion-exchange chromatography ; Intrinsic factor ; Vitamin B12 binding protein

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0378-4347

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Electronic Resource