Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:J. Michel)

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  1. 1
    M. W. Carroll ; D. A. Matthews ; J. A. Hiscox ; M. J. Elmore ; G. Pollakis ; A. Rambaut ; R. Hewson ; I. Garcia-Dorival ; J. A. Bore ; R. Koundouno ; S. Abdellati ; B. Afrough ; J. Aiyepada ; P. Akhilomen ; D. Asogun ; B. Atkinson ; M. Badusche ; A. Bah ; S. Bate ; J. Baumann ; D. Becker ; B. Becker-Ziaja ; A. Bocquin ; B. Borremans ; A. Bosworth ; J. P. Boettcher ; A. Cannas ; F. Carletti ; C. Castilletti ; S. Clark ; F. Colavita ; S. Diederich ; A. Donatus ; S. Duraffour ; D. Ehichioya ; H. Ellerbrok ; M. D. Fernandez-Garcia ; A. Fizet ; E. Fleischmann ; S. Gryseels ; A. Hermelink ; J. Hinzmann ; U. Hopf-Guevara ; Y. Ighodalo ; L. Jameson ; A. Kelterbaum ; Z. Kis ; S. Kloth ; C. Kohl ; M. Korva ; A. Kraus ; E. Kuisma ; A. Kurth ; B. Liedigk ; C. H. Logue ; A. Ludtke ; P. Maes ; J. McCowen ; S. Mely ; M. Mertens ; S. Meschi ; B. Meyer ; J. Michel ; P. Molkenthin ; C. Munoz-Fontela ; D. Muth ; E. N. Newman ; D. Ngabo ; L. Oestereich ; J. Okosun ; T. Olokor ; R. Omiunu ; E. Omomoh ; E. Pallasch ; B. Palyi ; J. Portmann ; T. Pottage ; C. Pratt ; S. Priesnitz ; S. Quartu ; J. Rappe ; J. Repits ; M. Richter ; M. Rudolf ; A. Sachse ; K. M. Schmidt ; G. Schudt ; T. Strecker ; R. Thom ; S. Thomas ; E. Tobin ; H. Tolley ; J. Trautner ; T. Vermoesen ; I. Vitoriano ; M. Wagner ; S. Wolff ; C. Yue ; M. R. Capobianchi ; B. Kretschmer ; Y. Hall ; J. G. Kenny ; N. Y. Rickett ; G. Dudas ; C. E. Coltart ; R. Kerber ; D. Steer ; C. Wright ; F. Senyah ; S. Keita ; P. Drury ; B. Diallo ; H. de Clerck ; M. Van Herp ; A. Sprecher ; A. Traore ; M. Diakite ; M. K. Konde ; L. Koivogui ; N. Magassouba ; T. Avsic-Zupanc ; A. Nitsche ; M. Strasser ; G. Ippolito ; S. Becker ; K. Stoecker ; M. Gabriel ; H. Raoul ; A. Di Caro ; R. Wolfel ; P. Formenty ; S. Gunther
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Published 2015
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2015-06-18
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  2. 2
    P. Ruibal ; L. Oestereich ; A. Ludtke ; B. Becker-Ziaja ; D. M. Wozniak ; R. Kerber ; M. Korva ; M. Cabeza-Cabrerizo ; J. A. Bore ; F. R. Koundouno ; S. Duraffour ; R. Weller ; A. Thorenz ; E. Cimini ; D. Viola ; C. Agrati ; J. Repits ; B. Afrough ; L. A. Cowley ; D. Ngabo ; J. Hinzmann ; M. Mertens ; I. Vitoriano ; C. H. Logue ; J. P. Boettcher ; E. Pallasch ; A. Sachse ; A. Bah ; K. Nitzsche ; E. Kuisma ; J. Michel ; T. Holm ; E. G. Zekeng ; I. Garcia-Dorival ; R. Wolfel ; K. Stoecker ; E. Fleischmann ; T. Strecker ; A. Di Caro ; T. Avsic-Zupanc ; A. Kurth ; S. Meschi ; S. Mely ; E. Newman ; A. Bocquin ; Z. Kis ; A. Kelterbaum ; P. Molkenthin ; F. Carletti ; J. Portmann ; S. Wolff ; C. Castilletti ; G. Schudt ; A. Fizet ; L. J. Ottowell ; E. Herker ; T. Jacobs ; B. Kretschmer ; E. Severi ; N. Ouedraogo ; M. Lago ; A. Negredo ; L. Franco ; P. Anda ; S. Schmiedel ; B. Kreuels ; D. Wichmann ; M. M. Addo ; A. W. Lohse ; H. De Clerck ; C. Nanclares ; S. Jonckheere ; M. Van Herp ; A. Sprecher ; G. Xiaojiang ; M. Carrington ; O. Miranda ; C. M. Castro ; M. Gabriel ; P. Drury ; P. Formenty ; B. Diallo ; L. Koivogui ; N. Magassouba ; M. W. Carroll ; S. Gunther ; C. Munoz-Fontela
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Published 2016
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2016-05-07
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    CTLA-4 Antigen/metabolism ; Ebolavirus/*immunology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Guinea/epidemiology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/*immunology/mortality/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators/immunology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Patient Discharge ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism ; Survivors ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Viral Load
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  3. 3
    J. Quick ; N. J. Loman ; S. Duraffour ; J. T. Simpson ; E. Severi ; L. Cowley ; J. A. Bore ; R. Koundouno ; G. Dudas ; A. Mikhail ; N. Ouedraogo ; B. Afrough ; A. Bah ; J. H. Baum ; B. Becker-Ziaja ; J. P. Boettcher ; M. Cabeza-Cabrerizo ; A. Camino-Sanchez ; L. L. Carter ; J. Doerrbecker ; T. Enkirch ; I. Garcia-Dorival ; N. Hetzelt ; J. Hinzmann ; T. Holm ; L. E. Kafetzopoulou ; M. Koropogui ; A. Kosgey ; E. Kuisma ; C. H. Logue ; A. Mazzarelli ; S. Meisel ; M. Mertens ; J. Michel ; D. Ngabo ; K. Nitzsche ; E. Pallasch ; L. V. Patrono ; J. Portmann ; J. G. Repits ; N. Y. Rickett ; A. Sachse ; K. Singethan ; I. Vitoriano ; R. L. Yemanaberhan ; E. G. Zekeng ; T. Racine ; A. Bello ; A. A. Sall ; O. Faye ; N. Magassouba ; C. V. Williams ; V. Amburgey ; L. Winona ; E. Davis ; J. Gerlach ; F. Washington ; V. Monteil ; M. Jourdain ; M. Bererd ; A. Camara ; H. Somlare ; M. Gerard ; G. Bado ; B. Baillet ; D. Delaune ; K. Y. Nebie ; A. Diarra ; Y. Savane ; R. B. Pallawo ; G. J. Gutierrez ; N. Milhano ; I. Roger ; C. J. Williams ; F. Yattara ; K. Lewandowski ; J. Taylor ; P. Rachwal ; D. J. Turner ; G. Pollakis ; J. A. Hiscox ; D. A. Matthews ; M. K. O'Shea ; A. M. Johnston ; D. Wilson ; E. Hutley ; E. Smit ; A. Di Caro ; R. Wolfel ; K. Stoecker ; E. Fleischmann ; M. Gabriel ; S. A. Weller ; L. Koivogui ; B. Diallo ; S. Keita ; A. Rambaut ; P. Formenty ; S. Gunther ; M. W. Carroll
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Published 2016
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2016-02-04
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Aircraft ; Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data ; Ebolavirus/classification/*genetics/pathogenicity ; *Epidemiological Monitoring ; Genome, Viral/*genetics ; Guinea/epidemiology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/*epidemiology/*virology ; Humans ; Mutagenesis/genetics ; Mutation Rate ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*instrumentation/*methods ; Time Factors
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  4. 4
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1573-6776
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes:
    Abstract Invertase synthesis in Schwanniomyces occidentalis is regulated by catabolite repression and is derepressed by raffinose and low concentrations of glucose. Efficiency of a carbon source in derepression of invertase is dependent upon the type of culture medium: either raffinose in a rich medium or a low concentration of glucose in a yeast minimal medium. The kinetics of derepression can be modulated by changing the carbon source. When cells are grown in a rich medium with 0.5% raffinose as the sole carbon source, Schwanniomyces occidentalis secretes 80 times more invertase than Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in the same conditions. About 50% of the total amount of invertase produced by Schwanniomyces occidentalis is secreted in the extracellular medium in contrast to Saccharomyces cerevisiae where only 6 to 15% of the protein is secreted in the medium.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018326512461

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  5. 5
    Staff View Fulltext Fulltext Fulltext
    Publication Date:
    2024-08-12
    Description:
    Are groups of people better able to minimize a collective loss if there is a collective target that must be reached or if every small contribution helps? In this paper we investigate whether cooperation in social dilemmas can be increased by structuring the problem as a step-level social dilemma rather than a linear social dilemma and whether cooperation can be increased by manipulating endowment asymmetry between individuals. In two laboratory experiments using 'Public Bad' games, we found that that individuals defect less and are better able to minimize collective and personal costs in a step-level social dilemma than in a linear social dilemma. We found that the level of cooperation is not affected by an ambiguous threshold: even when participants cannot be sure about the optimal cooperation level, cooperation remains high in the step-level social dilemmas. We find mixed results for the effect of asymmetry on cooperation. These results imply that presenting social dilemmas as step-level games and reducing asymmetry can help solve environmental dilemmas in the long term.
    Keywords:
    Psychologie ; Psychology ; behavioral economics ; Sozialpsychologie ; Social Psychology ; Kooperation ; soziales Dilemma ; Umweltverhalten ; Gruppendynamik ; cooperation ; social dilemma ; environmental behavior ; group dynamics
    Type:
    Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

    SSOAR
  6. 6
    Michel J, Jondeau G, Milewicz D.
    Oxford University Press
    Published 2018
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2018-03-06
    Publisher:
    Oxford University Press
    Print ISSN:
    0008-6363
    Electronic ISSN:
    1755-3245
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Published by:
    http://global.oup.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  7. 7
    Jeffrey G. Rau and Michel J. P. Gingras
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Published 2018
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2018-08-09
    Publisher:
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Print ISSN:
    1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN:
    1095-3795
    Topics:
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Magnetism
    Published by:
    http://www.aps.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  8. 8
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2018-03-09
    Publisher:
    BioMed Central
    Electronic ISSN:
    1746-6148
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Published by:
    http://www.biomedcentral.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  9. 9
    Étienne Lantagne-Hurtubise, Jeffrey G. Rau, and Michel J. P. Gingras
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Published 2018
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2018-05-25
    Publisher:
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Electronic ISSN:
    2160-3308
    Topics:
    Physics
    Published by:
    http://www.aps.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  10. 10
    Ricardo O. Amoroso, C. Roland Pitcher, Adriaan D. Riȷnsdorp, Robert A. McConnaughey, Ana M. Parma, Petri Suuronen, Ole R. Eigaard, Francois Bastardie, Niels T. Hintzen, Franziska Althaus, Susan Jane Baird, Jenny Black, Lene Buhl–Mortensen, Alexander B. Campbell, Rui Catarino, Jeremy Collie, James H. Cowan Jr., Deon Durholtz, Nadia Engstrom, Tracey P. Fairweather, Heino O. Fock, Richard Ford, Patricio A. Galvez, Hans Gerritsen, Maria Eva Gongora, Jessica A. Gonzalez, Jan G. Hiddink, Kathryn M. Hughes, Steven S. Intelmann, Chris Jenkins, Patrik Jonsson, Paulus Kainge, Mervi Kangas, Johannes N. Kathena, Stefanos Kavadas, Rob W. Leslie, Steve G. Lewis, Mathieu Lundy, David Makin, Julie Martin, Tessa Mazor, Genoveva Gonzalez–Mirelis, Stephen J. Newman, Nadia Papadopoulou, Paulette E. Posen, Wayne Rochester, Tommaso Russo, Antonello Sala, Jayson M. Semmens, Cristina Silva, Angelo Tsolos, Bart Vanelslander, Corey B. Wakefield, Brent A. Wood, Ray Hilborn, Michel J. Kaiser, Simon Jennings
    National Academy of Sciences
    Published 2018
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2018-10-24
    Publisher:
    National Academy of Sciences
    Print ISSN:
    0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN:
    1091-6490
    Topics:
    Biology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Keywords:
    Sustainability Science
    Published by:
    http://www.nasonline.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  11. 11
    Benton, J. L. ; Michel, J. ; Kimerling, L. C. ; Jacobson, D. C. ; Xie, Y.-H. ; Eaglesham, D. J. ; Fitzgerald, E. A. ; Poate, J. M.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1991
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7550
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    A detailed study of the electrical and defect properties of ion-implanted erbium in silicon shows that erbium doping introduces donor states. The concentration of erbium related donors as a function of implant dose saturates at 4×1016 cm−3 at a peak implanted Er-ion concentration of (4–7)×1017 cm−3. The defect levels related to erbium in silicon are characterized by deep level transient spectroscopy and identified as E(0.09), E(0.06), E(0.14), E(0.18), E(0.27), E(0.31), E(0.32), and E(0.48). The dependence of the photoluminescence on annealing temperature for float zone and for Czochralski-grown silicon show that oxygen and lattice defects can enhance the luminescence at 1.54 μm from the erbium. Temperature-dependent capacitance-voltage profiling shows donor emission steps when the Fermi level crosses EC − ET = 0.06 eV and EC − ET = 0.16 eV.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349381

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  12. 12
    Michel, J. ; Benton, J. L. ; Ferrante, R. F. ; Jacobson, D. C. ; Eaglesham, D. J. ; Fitzgerald, E. A. ; Xie, Y.-H. ; Poate, J. M. ; Kimerling, L. C.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1991
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7550
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    The effect of impurity coimplantation in MeV erbium-implanted silicon is studied. A significant increase in the intensity of the 1.54-μm Er3+ emission was observed for different coimplants. This study shows that the Er3+ emission is observed if erbium can form an impurity complex in silicon. The influence of these impurities on the Er3+ photoluminescence spectrum is demonstrated. Furthermore we show the first room-temperature photoluminescence spectrum of erbium in crystalline silicon.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349382

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  13. 13
    Robertson, Robert M. ; Rossi, Michel J.

    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1989
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7690
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes:
    Sticking coefficients γ of neutral transient species at ambient temperature were measured using in situ resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) of the transients in a low pressure reactor at mTorr pressure. The value of γ for I on a stainless steel surface was 0.16, whereas γ for CF3 free radical on the same surface was 〈0.01. The REMPI spectrum of SiH2 was observed for the first time, and by the use of different REMPI transitions a value of 0.10 was found for γ(SiH2 ) on a growing carbon-containing hydrogenated silicon surface at ambient temperature. This value increased to 0.15 for interaction of SiH2 with a growing surface containing exclusively Si and H. A lower limit for γ of 〉0.5 was found for highly vibrationally excited CF3 containing 5900 cm−1 of internal energy and for SiH2 containing 7000 cm−1 of internal energy. The surface was stainless steel in the former case and a carbon-containing Si and H surface in the latter case.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457620

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  14. 14
    Robertson, Robert M. ; Rossi, Michel J.

    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1989
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7690
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457681

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  15. 15
    Robertson, Robert M. ; Golden, David M. ; Rossi, Michel J.

    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1988
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7690
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes:
    Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) has been used to study the products of the infrared multiphoton decomposition (IRMPD) of CF3I in a very low-pressure photolysis (VLPΦ) cell. The strongest REMPI signals are due to the ground state I(2P3/2) and the spin–orbit excited state I*(2P1/2). The origins of I and I* were determined from the time and IR laser fluence dependences of the REMPI signal. I* is formed by visible single photon dissociation of vibrationally excited CF3I and by visible multiphoton dissociation of I2 and thermal CF3I. The ionization efficiency of I has been determined relative to NH3 for our probe laser conditions, and the sticking coefficient of I with gold surfaces has been determined. The REMPI spectra of the products of the IRMPD of CF3Br is also presented.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.454997

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  16. 16
    Müller-Markgraf, Wolfgang ; Rossi, Michel J.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1990
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    A simple solenoid-valve pulsed halogen atom source for the measurement of heterogeneous reaction kinetics in a very low pressure reactor (VLPR) is described. The source leads to injection of 300 μs–300 ms pulses of halogen atoms into a Knudsen cell, where their number density can be monitored in real time by means of resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). The operation of the source does not interfere with the detection technique. The performance of the source has also been verified using effusive molecular beam mass spectrometric analysis of the effluents of the Knudsen cell. The source is expected to find application in a variety of studies related to fundamental questions regarding etching and deposition reactions, as well as in fundamental chemical kinetic studies involving atoms and stable free radicals.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141215

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  17. 17
    Fenter, Frederick F. ; Caloz, François ; Rossi, Michel J.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1997
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    A Monte Carlo program has been developed to simulate the gas dynamics inside flow reactors (Knudsen cells) specially adapted to study heterogeneous reactions. Because the reactors are operated under molecular flow conditions, the Monte Carlo technique can be applied to calculate trajectories of individual molecules considering only gas-wall collisions. Ensembles of trajectories are then used to generate synthetic kinetic data as a function of specific reactor geometries (surface-to-volume ratio, injector position, reactive-surface diameter, etc.) and analyzed to yield rate constants. The calculated rate constants thus obtained are useful in assessing the systematic error associated with a rate-constant determination and in the designing of future geometries of Knudsen cells. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148264

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  18. 18
    Caloz, François ; Fenter, Frederick F. ; Tabor, Kevin D. ; Rossi, Michel J.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1997
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    A new low-pressure flow reactor operated as a Knudsen cell and intended for chemical kinetic studies is described. The reactor is specifically designed to study the kinetics of heterogeneous reactions. Gas-phase species are detected either by mass-spectrometric sampling or by in situ optical techniques, e.g., laser-induced fluorescence, resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization. A feature of the reactor is its modular design, allowing full interchangeability of several sample holders at minimal effort, allowing the measurement of uptake coefficients ranging from 10−7 to 1.0. Sample supports operating at low and high temperatures have been developed which cover the stated temperature range. Several experimental examples of the utility of the reactor are detailed. The reliability and error bars of the kinetic results due to the errors and uncertainties associated with the experimental procedures are discussed, in particular for fast heterogeneous processes. It is found that even in the molecular flow regime, for fast reaction, the effects of diffusion limitations within the cell must be taken into account. This fact has been shown here from an experimental point of view. In a companion article the phenomena are studied using Monte Carlo simulation of the gas dynamics under molecular flow conditions. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148263

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  19. 19
    Pullan, L. M. ; Olney, J. W. ; Price, M. T. ; Compton, R. P. ; Hood, W. F. ; Michel, J. ; Monahan, J. B.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Published 1987
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1471-4159
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Abstract: The sulfur-containing amino acids, l-and d-cysteate, l-cysteine, l-and d-cysteine sulfinate, l-and d-cysteine-S-sulfate, l-cystine, l-and d-homocysteate, l-and d-homocysteine sulfinate, l-homocysteine, l-serine-O-sulfate, and taurine were tested in two excitatory amino acid receptor functional assays and in receptor binding assays designed to label specifically the AAl/N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), AA2/quisqualate, and AA3/kainate receptor recognition sites, as well as a CaCla-dependent l-2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoate site, and a putative glutamate uptake site. Agonist efficacies were determined by chick retinal excitotoxicity and stimulated sodium efflux from rat brain slices. d-Homocysteine sulfinate, l-homocysteate, and l-serine-O-sulfate had affinities most selective for the NMDA binding site, whereas the binding affinities of d-cysteate, d-cysteine sulfinate, d-homocysteate, and l-homocysteine sulfinate were less selective. However, the correlation of agonist activity sensitive to blockade by d-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate or d-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate in the functional assays with affinity in the NMDA binding assay (r= 0.87, p 〈 0.005 and r= 0.98, p 〈 0.005 for excitotoxicity and sodium efflux, respectively) allows characterization of these sulfur-containing amino acids as acting at NMDA subclass receptors. l-Homocysteate, which has been found in the brain, and l-serine-O-sulfate are selective agonists and could serve as endogenous neurotransmitters at the NMDA receptor.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb10024.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  20. 20
    Ferrand, Catherine ; Clarous, Dominique ; Delteil, Christine ; Weber, Michel J.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Published 1986
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1471-4159
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Abstract: The secretion and cellular localization of the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were studied in primary cultures of rat sympathetic neurons. When cultured under conditions favoring a noradrenergic phenotype, these neurons synthesized and secreted large quantities of the tetrameric G4, and the dodecameric A12 forms, and minor amounts of the G1 and G2 forms. When these neurons adopted the cholinergic phenotype, i.e., in the presence of muscle-conditioned medium, the development of the cellular A12 form was completely inhibited. These neurons secreted only globular, mainly G4, AChE. Both cellular and secreted A12 AChE in adrenergic cultures aggregated at an ionic strength similar to that of the culture medium, raising the hypothesis that this form was associated with a polyanionic component of basal lamina. In noradrenergic neurons, 60–80% of the catalytic sites were exposed at the cell surface. In particular, 80% of G4 form, but only 60% of the A12 form, was external, demonstrating for the A12 form a sizeable intracellular pool. The hydrophobic character of the molecular forms was studied in relation to their cellular localization. As in muscle cells, most of the G4 form was membrane-bound. Whereas 76% of the cell surface A12 form was solubilized in the aqueous phase by high salt concentrations, only 50% of the intracellular A12 form was solubilized under these conditions. The rest of intracellular A12 could be solubilized by detergents and was thus either membranebound or entrapped in vesicles originating from, e.g., the Golgi apparatus.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb12975.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses