Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:J. Maloney)

2018-06-01

American Chemical Society (ACS)

Chemistry and Pharmacology

2012-07-18

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Aging/*genetics ; Alleles ; Alzheimer Disease/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology/prevention & control ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Cognition/physiology ; Cognition Disorders/*genetics/*physiopathology/prevention & control ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mutation/*genetics ; Plaque, Amyloid/genetics/metabolism

2018-11-16

American Chemical Society (ACS)

Chemistry and Pharmacology

1468-0017

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Linguistics and Literary Studies

Psychology

Electronic Resource

1746-8361

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Philosophy

Metaphors are expressions in artificial, contrived, alien languages, and we understand metaphors by constructing translation schemes linking our natural, literal languages to these theoretically contrived metaphorical languages. The relation between a literal natural language and a metaphorical contrived language is like the relationship between a natively known language and a system of subsequently acquired languages etymologically emerging from that basic natural language. This model for understanding metaphorically contrived language is kin to the familiar model explaining how speakers of a language such as Latin may come to decipher a language like Spanish through projecting to Spanish what they know of Latin without the aid of a translation manual. A metaphor is, thus, seen as a sentence in a nonnatural language, itself derived from and at least partially translatable with the natural, literal language of the metaphor's author or audience.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméLes métaphores sont des expressions relevant de langues artificielles, construites, étrangères et nous les comprenons en construisant des schémas de traduction reliant notre langue naturelle littérale à ces langues métaphoriques théoriquement construites. La relation entre une langue naturelle littérale et une langue métaphorique construite est analogue à la relation entre une langue acquise primitivement et un système de langues apprises ensuite et qui dérivent étymologiquement de cette langue de base. Ce modèle, qui permet de comprendre un langage métaphorique construit, est apparente au modèle familier expliquant comment les gens qui possèdent une langue telle que le latin arrivent à déchiffrer une langue telle que ľespagnol en projetant sur ľespagnol ce qu'ils savent du latin sans recourir à un dictionnaire. Une métaphore est done considérée comme une phrase ?on;une langue non naturelle, dérivée elle-même de et au moins en partie traductible dans la langue naturelle littérale de ľauteur de la métaphore ou de ses lecteurs.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ZusammenfassungMetaphern sind Ausdrücke in künstlichen, erfundenen, fremden Sprachen, und wir verstehen Metaphern, indem wir Übersetzungsschemata konstruieren, die unsere natürlichen, wörtlichen Sprachen mit diesen theoretisch erschaffenen metaphorischen Sprachen verbinden. Die Beziehung zwischen einer wörtlichen naturlichen Sprache und einer metaphorisch konstruierten Sprache ist der Beziehung ähnlich, die zwischen einer bekannten gesprochenen Sprache und dem System der nachträglich erworbenen, etymoiogisch aus diesen entwickelten Sprachen besteht. Dieses Modell für das Verstehen von metaphorischen Sprachen ist mit dem bekannten Modell verwandt, das erklärt, wie Sprecher, die etwa das Latein beherrschen, dazu gelangen, Sprachen wie z.B. das Spanische zu entziffern, indem sie ohne Hilfe von Übersetzungsanweisungen das auf das Spanische projizieren, was sie über das Latein wissen. In dieser Weise wird eine Metapher als ein Satz in einer nicht-natürlichen Sprache betrachtet, die ihrerseits von der natürlichen, wörtlichen Sprachen des Autors der Metapher oder der Hörerschaft hergeleitet wird und wenigstens teilweise durch diese übersetzbar ist.

Electronic Resource

0003-2697

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Electronic Resource

1744-6570

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Psychology

Having reported in previous issues of Personnel Psychology (1, 2) on the nature of the changing role of the foreman, the development of an indirect measure of foreman identification with management (FIM), and the relationship between this measure and two aspects of supervisory effectiveness–work group productivity and employee attitude toward the foreman, the present article reports a series of secondary analyses which may assist in a better understanding of foreman identification with management.In the relationship study it was found that the FIM scores varied significantly between plants, as did the relationship between FIM and work group productivity, suggesting that certain plant variables may be more important than individual variables; however, the research design did not lend itself to the study of plant differences. It was possible to obtain some correlates of foreman identification with management, however, which should be taken into consideration in further research :1) superiority of the indirect approach to measuring foremen identification with management; 2) a lack of relationship between FIM scores and the foreman's feelings of importance received from his job; 3) a consistent trend upward, but no significant relationship between FIM scores and tenure as a foreman; 4) no significant relationships between FIM scores and foreman age or shift; 5) increasing sizes of work groups supervised showed significant increases in FIM scores; 6) foreladies scored significantly lower than foremen; and 7) better educated foremen scored significantly higher than less well educated foremen. Implications are discussed.

Electronic Resource

1744-6570

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Psychology

The first article in this series analyzed the changing role of foremen in modern industry and reported the development of a measure of management identification using an indirect method of attitude measurement. The current article describes the relationships found between foreman identification with management, work group productivity, and employee attitude toward the foreman.After the indirect measure of foremen's tendencies to identify with management had been developed, it was submitted to first line operating foremen in 28 manufacturing plants in the Midwest. Several management people from each of the plants rated the foreman work groups in their respective plants on the basis of how well they were doing their present job. Groups of foremen from each plant were thereby identified as being leaders of relatively high-producing or of relatively low-producing work groups. In 19 of the 28 plants a short questionnaire designed to reflect attitude toward foreman was administered to the employees working under these selected foremen.Statistical analyses were undertaken to investigate the relationships between the major variables: management identification scores of foremen, productivity ratings of foremen's work groups, and employees’attitude toward foremen scores. Results and implications are discussed.

Electronic Resource

1744-6570

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Psychology

Drastic changes in the role of the foreman during the last few decades are traced to scientific management trends and the growth of industrial unions. Many companies have taken steps to further modify that role, but have necessarily done so with minimum empirical evidence. The research reported here is the first phase of a study designed to throw some light on the effect of a foreman's identification with management on two aspects of his supervisory effectiveness–work group productivity and employee attitude toward the foreman.A measure of management identification was developed for use in studying these effects of the foreman's role in management. Because of the ego-involved nature of management identification, the measure was based on an indirect method, the Error-Choice or Direction of Perception technique of attitude measurement. Questions were written on a rational basis to measure management identification and an a priori scoring key was derived. A sample of 212 first line foremen from seven manufacturing plants in Illinois and Michigan completed the experimental questionnaire. The management identification questions were item analyzed for internal consistency and 30 items were selected; none of the Error-Choice questions had its a priori scoring direction reversed by the item analysis. The reliability estimate of these items was .65 for this group.A sample of 45 corporation executives also completed the questionnaire. This group scored significantly higher on the 30 items than did the 212 foremen, thus providing evidence for the validity of the measuring instrument.The second article in this series will report the relationships found between this measure of foreman identification with management, work group productivity, and employee attitude toward the foreman. The third and final article will present and discuss some secondary correlates of foreman identification with management.

Electronic Resource

1435-2451

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Zusammenfassung Bei acht Patienten wurden Blutvolumen und extracelluläre Flüssigkeit mit51Cr und35S vor und nach allgemeinchirurgischen Eingriffen gemessen. Nach den Operationen war das Erythrocytenvolumen um durchschmittlich 3,4% und das Plasmavolumen um 15,9% vermindert. Die interstitielle Flüssigkeit war um 22,8% und die extracelluläre Flüssigkeit um 15,5% vermehrt. Die Zunahme der extracellulären Flüssigkeit war bedingt durch massive Flüssigkeitsinfusionen während der Operation und in der frühen postoperativen Phase. Bei Berücksichtigung von Infusionsmenge und Urinausscheidung ergab sich keine signifikante Veränderung der extracellulären Flüssigkeit gegenüber den präoperativen Kontrollwerten. Die unterschiedlichen Ergebnisse anderer Untersucher werden methodisch erklärt. Es wird gefolgert, daß vonseiten der extracellulären Flüssigkeit keine Notwendigkeit für eine massive Therapie mit Elektrolytlösungen während operativer Eingriffe besteht.

Summary Blood volume and extracellular fluid volume were measured in eight patients with51Cr and35S respectively before and after general surgical operations. After operation red cell volume was decreased 3.4% and plasma volume was decreased 15.9%. The interstitial fluid was increased 22.8% and extracellular fluid was increased 15.5%. The expansion of extracellular fluid was due to massive fluid infusion during the operation and the early postoperative period. After correction for the amount of fluid given and the urine excreted there was no significant change in extracellular fluid volume compared with the preoperative value. The different results of other investigators are considered to be due to methodological problems. It is concluded that there is no need for massive therapy with crystalloid solutions following extensive general surgery in view of the absence of a real deficit in the extracellular fluid space.

Electronic Resource

1572-8641

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Computer Science

Philosophy

Electronic Resource

1573-0964

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Natural Sciences in General

Philosophy

Electronic Resource

1573-0964

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Natural Sciences in General

Philosophy

Abstract The Representational Theory of the Mind allows for psychological explanations couched in terms of the contents of propositional attitudes. Propositional attitudes themselves are taken to be relations to mental representations. These representations (partially) determine the contents of the attitudes in which they figure. Thus, Representationalism owes an explanation of the contents of mental representations. This essay constitutes an atomistic theory of the content of formally or syntactically simple mental representation, proposing that the content of such a representation is determined by the intersection of the representation's correlational and control properties. The theory is distinguished from standard information-based accounts of mental content in allowing that the relevant correlations be contingent while insisting on an efferent aspect to mental content. The theory on offer allows for a natural explanation of misrepresentation, finds a niche for the notion ofnarrow content, welcomes radical first person fallibility with respect to questions of content, admits of mental ambiguity and recognizes that the future of a psychological agent is a factor in determining the content of the agent's present psychological states.

Electronic Resource

1573-0964

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Natural Sciences in General

Philosophy

Electronic Resource

0039-7857

Natural Sciences in General

Philosophy

VARIA

0039-7857

Natural Sciences in General

Philosophy

0020-7047

Philosophy

Theology and Religious Studies

0031-8116

Philosophy

1432-1807

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mathematics

Electronic Resource

1432-0878

Endothelium ; Microvilli ; Heart ; Coronary vessels

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary Examination of cardiac vascular endothelium with scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy of previously scanned tissue, revealed several regions of the coronary venous system that contained ‘cluster’ microvilli. These consisted of 2–15 microvillous projections that emanated radially from a common base or were grouped into a fan-like arrangement. Although rare, these clusters, when present, were widely distributed over the endothelial cell surface.

Electronic Resource