Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:J. Jou)

2011-04-15

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

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1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Thin Fe3O4 films were deposited in situ on Si(100) substrates by dc-reactive magnetron sputtering method, and then γ-Fe2O3 thin films were obtained by post-oxidation treatment. The effect of residual stress on coercivity of these films was studied by a bending-beam method. In situ stress-temperature curves of the films taken during the whole heat treatment processes revealed the magnitude and state of film stresses. The measured coercivity increments (470 Oe) are very close to the value (460 Oe) calculated based on stress-induced anisotropy for films with pure γ-Fe2O3 phase. For a film with mixed Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3 mixed phase, the magnetostriction is calculated to be 17×10−6. In situ stress-temperature data are provided to depict phase transformations and stress effects on the coercivity of such films. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

0003-9861

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

0022-0965

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Psychology

Electronic Resource

0010-0285

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Psychology

Electronic Resource

0040-6090

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Physics

Electronic Resource

0040-6090

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Physics

Electronic Resource

0040-6090

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Physics

Electronic Resource

1432-1181

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Physics

Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel beschreibt eine numerische Studie über auftriebsunterstützte konvektive Wärmeübertragung von einem horizontalen Zylinder der in einem vertikalen adiabaten Kanal positioniert ist. Die numerischen Ergebnisse sind fürH 1/D=2, 5, 4, 8,H/D=8, 16, 24,S/D=2, 4, 6 sowie 20≤Re≤60 undRi bis 4 berechnet worden. Die Anordnung des horizontalen Zylinders in einem schmaleren vertikalen Kanal führt auf Grund des Blockierungs-effektes zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der reinen Zwangskonvektion. Aber sie verschlechtert deutlich den Betrag der auftriebsbedingten Steigerung in der Wärmeübergangsrate. Trotzdem führt die Anwesenheit des vertikalen Kanals insgesamt zu einer Steigerung des Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten bei Mischkonvektion im Vergleich zur Abwesenheit des begrenzenden Kanals. Des weiteren ist die durchschnittliche Nusseltzahl von der Variation der Zylinderposition im Kanal oder der Kanalhöhe abhängig.

Abstract This paper reports a numerical study on buoyancy-aided steady convection heat transfer from a horizontal cylinder situated in a vertical adiabatic duct. Numerical results have been generated forH 1/D=2.5, 4, 8,H/D=8, 16, 24,S/D=2, 4, 6, 20≤Re≤60, andRi up to 4. The placing of a horizontal cylinder in a vertical duct of smaller width results in significantly enhanced pure forced convection due to the blockage effect, but degrades appreciably the extent of buoyancy-aided enhancement in the heat transfer rate. Nevertheless, the presence of a vertical duct leads to an overall enhancement of mixed convection heat transfer coefficient relative to that without the confining duct. Moreover, the average Nusselt number is rather insensitive to the variation of either the position of the cylinder in the duct or the duct height in the investigated ranges of these geometric parameters.

Electronic Resource

1432-1912

Clonidine ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Hypothermia ; Metabolic rate ; Cutaneous vasodilatation ; Respiration

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary 1. The thermoregulatory outputs (including metabolic, respiratory and vasomotor activities) produced by an injection of clonidine or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) into the third cerebral ventricle of conscious rabbits were assessed at three different ambient temperatures (T a) of 2, 22 and 32°C. 2. When injected into the third cerebral ventricle, both clonidine and 5-HT produced a dose-dependent hypothermia in rabbits at both 2 and 22°C T a. The hypothermia was due to a decrease in metabolic heat production (M) at 2°C T a, while at 22°C T a the hypothermia was due to cutaneous vasodilatation. There were no changes in respiratory evaporative heat loss. 3. Furthermore, the clonidine-induced hypothermia was greatly reduced by pretreatment of the animals with either 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (impairment of central 5-HT pathways) or yohimbine (alpha-adrenergic blocking agent), but not by 6-hydroxydopamine (impairment of central catecholamine pathways). 4. The results indicate that clonidine may act on the α-adrenergic receptors located on central 5-HT pathways to produce a hypothermic action by promoting a decrease in heat production or an increase in heat loss in the rabbit.

Electronic Resource

1573-4803

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Abstract Amorphous, hydrogenated silicon carbide (α-SiC:H) deposited by a plasma-enhanced-chemical-vapour-deposition (PECVD) process has been used as the topmost passivation layer in a multilayer thin-film device, namely, a thermal ink-jet printhead. Normal operations of the device involve rapid heating of the multilayer structure at several kHz, repetitively forming vapour bubbles that grow and collapse in an otherwise liquid environment. During such operations, the α-SiC:H layer is subjected to a variety of thermal, mechanical and chemical stresses that are detrimental to its integrity. It is found that thermally activated failures may occur when the multilayer structure is driven for extended periods of time or by pulses of excessive magnitude or duration, or when the α-SiC:H film is so thick as to store excessive elastic energy due to large differential thermal expansion effects. It is also found that severe mechanical (namely, cavitation) effects associated with bubble collapse cause early device failures if the surface of the device is exposed to an unlimited liquid reservoir; however, such adverse effects are greatly mitigated by the presence of a nozzle plate in the vicinity of the top surface. Finally, it is shown that high pH and various chemicals tend to etch the α-SiC:H thin film through an oxidation-dissolution process, removing the passivating material rapidly and leading to device failures.

Electronic Resource

1741-2765

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Abstract The dynamic fracture and crack-arrest responses of a modified compact-tension specimen (M-CT) machined from Homalite-100 and polycarbonate sheets were studied by dynamic photoelasticity, dynamic finite-element analysis and streaking photography. In contrast to some of the published results involving steel M-CT specimens, substantial dynamic effects were observed during rapid crack propagation in the Homalite-100 and polycarbonate M-CT specimens. The dynamic crack-arrest toughnesses.K 1a , were relatively constant and were about 80 percent and 50 percent of the corresponding fracture toughness,K 1c , of Homalite-100 and polycarbonate, respectively.

Electronic Resource