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1Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressC. T. Amemiya ; J. Alfoldi ; A. P. Lee ; S. Fan ; H. Philippe ; I. Maccallum ; I. Braasch ; T. Manousaki ; I. Schneider ; N. Rohner ; C. Organ ; D. Chalopin ; J. J. Smith ; M. Robinson ; R. A. Dorrington ; M. Gerdol ; B. Aken ; M. A. Biscotti ; M. Barucca ; D. Baurain ; A. M. Berlin ; G. L. Blatch ; F. Buonocore ; T. Burmester ; M. S. Campbell ; A. Canapa ; J. P. Cannon ; A. Christoffels ; G. De Moro ; A. L. Edkins ; L. Fan ; A. M. Fausto ; N. Feiner ; M. Forconi ; J. Gamieldien ; S. Gnerre ; A. Gnirke ; J. V. Goldstone ; W. Haerty ; M. E. Hahn ; U. Hesse ; S. Hoffmann ; J. Johnson ; S. I. Karchner ; S. Kuraku ; M. Lara ; J. Z. Levin ; G. W. Litman ; E. Mauceli ; T. Miyake ; M. G. Mueller ; D. R. Nelson ; A. Nitsche ; E. Olmo ; T. Ota ; A. Pallavicini ; S. Panji ; B. Picone ; C. P. Ponting ; S. J. Prohaska ; D. Przybylski ; N. R. Saha ; V. Ravi ; F. J. Ribeiro ; T. Sauka-Spengler ; G. Scapigliati ; S. M. Searle ; T. Sharpe ; O. Simakov ; P. F. Stadler ; J. J. Stegeman ; K. Sumiyama ; D. Tabbaa ; H. Tafer ; J. Turner-Maier ; P. van Heusden ; S. White ; L. Williams ; M. Yandell ; H. Brinkmann ; J. N. Volff ; C. J. Tabin ; N. Shubin ; M. Schartl ; D. B. Jaffe ; J. H. Postlethwait ; B. Venkatesh ; F. Di Palma ; E. S. Lander ; A. Meyer ; K. Lindblad-Toh
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Published 2013Staff ViewPublication Date: 2013-04-20Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; *Biological Evolution ; Chick Embryo ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Extremities/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/*classification/*genetics/physiology ; Genes, Homeobox/genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; Genomics ; Immunoglobulin M/genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Vertebrates/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiologyPublished by: -
2Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1793Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Abstract Two Crassostrea virginica populations, differing in fat content, were experimentally exposed to a complex petroleum-hydrocarbon fraction. The hydrocarbons in this mixture were accumulated by both groups of oysters, and their lipid content, as well as the concentration of hydrocarbon in the water, were found to affect the rate and extent of accumulation. Hydrocarbons accumulated were rapidly, although incompletely, discharged when the oysters were transferred to an uncontaminated system. Amounts of hydrocarbons discharged and amounts retained after discharge are probably related to the level of contamination. The data can be interpreted as indicating that equilibration and the occurrence of multiple compartments where hydrocarbons can reside are factors involved in the uptake and retention of nonbiogenic hydrocarbons by oysters. The petroleum hydrocarbons contained in the oysters differed from the contaminating oil by displaying a greater aromatic content. In addition, gas-liquid chromatograms of aliphatic fractions of the hydrocarbons in the oysters rapidly showed a degraded appearance; the possibility that the oysters themselves are modifying the oil cannot be excluded.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
3Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1793Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Abstract Hepatic cytochromes P450 (phase I monooxygenases) and glutathione transferases (phase II conjugating enzymes) were investigated in Chaetodon capistratus (Linnaeus) collected in Florida and Belize in June and December 1991, respectively. These biotransformation enzymes play major roles in the detoxification of xenobiotics by converting lipophilic chemicals to more hydrophilic, readily excretable metabolites. Content of total microsomal P450 (0.501 to 0.821 nmol mg-1 microsomal protein) and rates of NADPH-cytochrome c (P450) reductase (270.7 to 330.2 nmol min-1 mg-1 microsomal protein) and glutathione transferase (2.81 to 3.12 μg min-1 mg-1 cytosolic protein) in these fish were greater than in most untreated fish species, i.e., fish that have not been exposed to PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) or PCBs (polycyclic biphenyls). Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) rates (0.029 to 0.171 nmol min-1 mg-1) were also comparable to those in most untreated marine fish. Immunoblot analysis with monoclonal antibody (MAb) 1-12-3 to scup P450E (the EROD catalyst and a teleost representative of the PAH-inducible CYP1A gene subfamily) showed slight amounts of cross-reacting protein in C. capistratus liver microsomes. Hepatic CYP1A content and EROD activity did not differ significantly between fish collected in Florida and Belize, suggesting that the two sites differed little in contamination by CYP1A inducers. Immunochemical analyses with polyclonal antibodies to scup P450B (a teleost representative of the CYP2B subfamily) and human CYP3A4 cross-reacted strongly with C. capistratus hepatic proteins. The CYP2B and CYP3A subfamilies in mammals are believed to have partially evolved in response to toxic dietary allelochemicals. C. capistratus regularly feeds on terpenoid-rich gorgonian corals, suggesting that biotransformation enzymes may be involved in the metabolism of dietary allelochemicals as well as anthropogenic xenobiotics in this species.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
4Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1793Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Abstract Analysis of subcellular fractions revealed a complement of microsomal electron transport components including reductases and heme proteins in several organs of the three bivalve species Mytilus edulis, Macrocallista maculata and Area zebra. Dithionite difference spectroscopy of CO-treated microsomes yielded spectra typical of cytochrome P-450 in digestive gland and gill, with absorption maxima at 450 nm. A time-dependent reduction of cytochrome P-450 was also observed. The levels of these components and rates of microsomal benzo[a]pyrene (BP) metabolism were highest in the digestive gland, and were very similar between species. In M. edulis there was a suggested seasonal variation in BP metabolism but no population differences in this activity or in levels of other components. Digestive gland microsomal metabolites of BP identified by HPLC retention and UV spectroscopy included BP-1.6-quinone, BP-3,6-quinone and BP-6,12-quinone, which comprised 65% of the total metabolites, and dihydrodiols and phenols, the latter products consistent with cytochrome P-450 monooxygenation and expoxide hydrolase function. However, the inconsistent dependence of BP metabolism on NADPH, and inconsistent inhibition by CO suggest that catalyst(s) additional to cytochrome P-450 may be acting in BP metabolism. Based on these results and the prominent quinone formation, we speculate that peroxidative mechanism(s) may be involved. The role of peroxidative as well as well as monooxygenase reactions in the in-vivo disposition and effects of foreign chemicals in bivalves, and also the major function of cytochrome P-450 in these bivalves, remain to be established.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: