Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:J. H. Jansen)

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  1. 1
    The Brainstorm Consortium, Anttila, V., Bulik-Sullivan, B., Finucane, H. K., Walters, R. K., Bras, J., Duncan, L., Escott-Price, V., Falcone, G. J., Gormley, P., Malik, R., Patsopoulos, N. A., Ripke, S., Wei, Z., Yu, D., Lee, P. H., Turley, P., Grenier-Boley, B., Chouraki, V., Kamatani, Y., Berr, C., Letenneur, L., Hannequin, D., Amouyel, P., Boland, A., Deleuze, J.-F., Duron, E., Vardarajan, B. N., Reitz, C., Goate, A. M., Huentelman, M. J., Kamboh, M. I., Larson, E. B., Rogaeva, E., St George-Hyslop, P., Hakonarson, H., Kukull, W. A., Farrer, L. A., Barnes, L. L., Beach, T. G., Demirci, F. Y., Head, E., Hulette, C. M., Jicha, G. A., Kauwe, J. S. K., Kaye, J. A., Leverenz, J. B., Levey, A. I., Lieberman, A. P., Pankratz, V. S., Poon, W. W., Quinn, J. F., Saykin, A. J., Schneider, L. S., Smith, A. G., Sonnen, J. A., Stern, R. A., Van Deerlin, V. M., Van Eldik, L. J., Harold, D., Russo, G., Rubinsztein, D. C., Bayer, A., Tsolaki, M., Proitsi, P., Fox, N. C., Hampel, H., Owen, M. J., Mead, S., Passmore, P., Morgan, K., Nöthen, M. M., Rossor, M., Lupton, M. K., Hoffmann, P., Kornhuber, J., Lawlor, B., McQuillin, A., Al-Chalabi, A., Bis, J. C., Ruiz, A., Boada, M., Seshadri, S., Beiser, A., Rice, K., van der Lee, S. J., De Jager, P. L., Geschwind, D. H., Riemenschneider, M., Riedel-Heller, S., Rotter, J. I., Ransmayr, G., Hyman, B. T., Cruchaga, C., Alegret, M., Winsvold, B., Palta, P., Farh, K.-H., Cuenca-Leon, E., Furlotte, N., Kurth, T., Ligthart, L., Terwindt, G. M., Freilinger, T., Ran, C., Gordon, S. D., Borck, G., Adams, H. H. H., Lehtimäki, T., Wedenoja, J., Buring, J. E., Schürks, M., Hrafnsdottir, M., Hottenga, J.-J., Penninx, B., Artto, V., Kaunisto, M., Vepsäläinen, S., Martin, N. G., Montgomery, G. W., Kurki, M. I., Hämäläinen, E., Huang, H., Huang, J., Sandor, C., Webber, C., Muller-Myhsok, B., Schreiber, S., Salomaa, V., Loehrer, E., Göbel, H., Macaya, A., Pozo-Rosich, P., Hansen, T., Werge, T., Kaprio, J., Metspalu, A., Kubisch, C., Ferrari, M. D., Belin, A. C., van den Maagdenberg, A. M. J. M., Zwart, J.-A., Boomsma, D., Eriksson, N., Olesen, J., Chasman, D. I., Nyholt, D. R., Avbersek, A., Baum, L., Berkovic, S., Bradfield, J., Buono, R., Catarino, C. B., Cossette, P., De Jonghe, P., Depondt, C., Dlugos, D., Ferraro, T. N., French, J., Hjalgrim, H., Jamnadas-Khoda, J., Kälviäinen, R., Kunz, W. S., Lerche, H., Leu, C., Lindhout, D., Lo, W., Lowenstein, D., McCormack, M., Moller, R. S., Molloy, A., Ng, P.-W., Oliver, K., Privitera, M., Radtke, R., Ruppert, A.-K., Sander, T., Schachter, S., Schankin, C., Scheffer, I., Schoch, S., Sisodiya, S. M., Smith, P., Sperling, M., Striano, P., Surges, R., Thomas, G. N., Visscher, F., Whelan, C. D., Zara, F., Heinzen, E. L., Marson, A., Becker, F., Stroink, H., Zimprich, F., Gasser, T., Gibbs, R., Heutink, P., Martinez, M., Morris, H. R., Sharma, M., Ryten, M., Mok, K. Y., Pulit, S., Bevan, S., Holliday, E., Attia, J., Battey, T., Boncoraglio, G., Thijs, V., Chen, W.-M., Mitchell, B., Rothwell, P., Sharma, P., Sudlow, C., Vicente, A., Markus, H., Kourkoulis, C., Pera, J., Raffeld, M., Silliman, S., Boraska Perica, V., Thornton, L. M., Huckins, L. M., William Rayner, N., Lewis, C. M., Gratacos, M., Rybakowski, F., Keski-Rahkonen, A., Raevuori, A., Hudson, J. I., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Monteleone, P., Karwautz, A., Mannik, K., Baker, J. H., OToole, J. K., Trace, S. E., Davis, O. S. P., Helder, S. G., Ehrlich, S., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Danner, U. N., van Elburg, A. A., Clementi, M., Forzan, M., Docampo, E., Lissowska, J., Hauser, J., Tortorella, A., Maj, M., Gonidakis, F., Tziouvas, K., Papezova, H., Yilmaz, Z., Wagner, G., Cohen-Woods, S., Herms, S., Julia, A., Rabionet, R., Dick, D. M., Ripatti, S., Andreassen, O. A., Espeseth, T., Lundervold, A. J., Steen, V. M., Pinto, D., Scherer, S. W., Aschauer, H., Schosser, A., Alfredsson, L., Padyukov, L., Halmi, K. A., Mitchell, J., Strober, M., Bergen, A. W., Kaye, W., Szatkiewicz, J. P., Cormand, B., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Sanchez-Mora, C., Ribases, M., Casas, M., Hervas, A., Arranz, M. J., Haavik, J., Zayats, T., Johansson, S., Williams, N., Dempfle, A., Rothenberger, A., Kuntsi, J., Oades, R. D., Banaschewski, T., Franke, B., Buitelaar, J. K., Arias Vasquez, A., Doyle, A. E., Reif, A., Lesch, K.-P., Freitag, C., Rivero, O., Palmason, H., Romanos, M., Langley, K., Rietschel, M., Witt, S. H., Dalsgaard, S., Borglum, A. D., Waldman, I., Wilmot, B., Molly, N., Bau, C. H. D., Crosbie, J., Schachar, R., Loo, S. K., McGough, J. J., Grevet, E. H., Medland, S. E., Robinson, E., Weiss, L. A., Bacchelli, E., Bailey, A., Bal, V., Battaglia, A., Betancur, C., Bolton, P., Cantor, R., Celestino-Soper, P., Dawson, G., De Rubeis, S., Duque, F., Green, A., Klauck, S. M., Leboyer, M., Levitt, P., Maestrini, E., Mane, S., De-Luca, D. M.-, Parr, J., Regan, R., Reichenberg, A., Sandin, S., Vorstman, J., Wassink, T., Wijsman, E., Cook, E., Santangelo, S., Delorme, R., Roge, B., Magalhaes, T., Arking, D., Schulze, T. G., Thompson, R. C., Strohmaier, J., Matthews, K., Melle, I., Morris, D., Blackwood, D., McIntosh, A., Bergen, S. E., Schalling, M., Jamain, S., Maaser, A., Fischer, S. B., Reinbold, C. S., Fullerton, J. M., Guzman-Parra, J., Mayoral, F., Schofield, P. R., Cichon, S., Mühleisen, T. W., Degenhardt, F., Schumacher, J., Bauer, M., Mitchell, P. B., Gershon, E. S., Rice, J., Potash, J. B., Zandi, P. P., Craddock, N., Ferrier, I. N., Alda, M., Rouleau, G. A., Turecki, G., Ophoff, R., Pato, C., Anjorin, A., Stahl, E., Leber, M., Czerski, P. M., Cruceanu, C., Jones, I. R., Posthuma, D., Andlauer, T. F. M., Forstner, A. J., Streit, F., Baune, B. T., Air, T., Sinnamon, G., Wray, N. R., Mac; Intyre, D. J., Porteous, D., Homuth, G., Rivera, M., Grove, J., Middeldorp, C. M., Hickie, I., Pergadia, M., Mehta, D., Smit, J. H., Jansen, R., de Geus, E., Dunn, E., Li, Q. S., Nauck, M., Schoevers, R. A., Beekman, A. T., Knowles, J. A., Viktorin, A., Arnold, P., Barr, C. L., Bedoya-Berrio, G., Bienvenu, O. J., Brentani, H., Burton, C., Camarena, B., Cappi, C., Cath, D., Cavallini, M., Cusi, D., Darrow, S., Denys, D., Derks, E. M., Dietrich, A., Fernandez, T., Figee, M., Freimer, N., Gerber, G., Grados, M., Greenberg, E., Hanna, G. L., Hartmann, A., Hirschtritt, M. E., Hoekstra, P. J., Huang, A., Huyser, C., Illmann, C., Jenike, M., Kuperman, S., Leventhal, B., Lochner, C., Lyon, G. J., Macciardi, F., Madruga-Garrido, M., Malaty, I. A., Maras, A., McGrath, L., Miguel, E. C., Mir, P., Nestadt, G., Nicolini, H., Okun, M. S., Pakstis, A., Paschou, P., Piacentini, J., Pittenger, C., Plessen, K., Ramensky, V., Ramos, E. M., Reus, V., Richter, M. A., Riddle, M. A., Robertson, M. M., Roessner, V., Rosario, M., Samuels, J. F., Sandor, P., Stein, D. J., Tsetsos, F., Van Nieuwerburgh, F., Weatherall, S., Wendland, J. R., Wolanczyk, T., Worbe, Y., Zai, G., Goes, F. S., McLaughlin, N., Nestadt, P. S., Grabe, H.-J., Depienne, C., Konkashbaev, A., Lanzagorta, N., Valencia-Duarte, A., Bramon, E., Buccola, N., Cahn, W., Cairns, M., Chong, S. A., Cohen, D., Crespo-Facorro, B., Crowley, J., Davidson, M., De; Lisi, L., Dinan, T., Donohoe, G., Drapeau, E., Duan, J., Haan, L., Hougaard, D., Karachanak-Yankova, S., Khrunin, A., Klovins, J., Kucinskas, V., Lee Chee Keong, J., Limborska, S., Loughland, C., Lönnqvist, J., Maher, B., Mattheisen, M., McDonald, C., Murphy, K. C., Nenadic, I., van Os, J., Pantelis, C., Pato, M., Petryshen, T., Quested, D., Roussos, P., Sanders, A. R., Schall, U., Schwab, S. G., Sim, K., So, H.-C., Stögmann, E., Subramaniam, M., Toncheva, D., Waddington, J., Walters, J., Weiser, M., Cheng, W., Cloninger, R., Curtis, D., Gejman, P. V., Henskens, F., Mattingsdal, M., Oh, S.-Y., Scott, R., Webb, B., Breen, G., Churchhouse, C., Bulik, C. M., Daly, M., Dichgans, M., Faraone, S. V., Guerreiro, R., Holmans, P., Kendler, K. S., Koeleman, B., Mathews, C. A., Price, A., Scharf, J., Sklar, P., Williams, J., Wood, N. W., Cotsapas, C., Palotie, A., Smoller, J. W., Sullivan, P., Rosand, J., Corvin, A., Neale, B. M.
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Published 2018
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2018-06-22
    Publisher:
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Print ISSN:
    0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN:
    1095-9203
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Geosciences
    Computer Science
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Genetics, Medicine, Diseases, Online Only
    Published by:
    http://www.aaas.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  2. 2
    L. Chen ; M. Kostadima ; J. H. Martens ; G. Canu ; S. P. Garcia ; E. Turro ; K. Downes ; I. C. Macaulay ; E. Bielczyk-Maczynska ; S. Coe ; S. Farrow ; P. Poudel ; F. Burden ; S. B. Jansen ; W. J. Astle ; A. Attwood ; T. Bariana ; B. de Bono ; A. Breschi ; J. C. Chambers ; F. A. Choudry ; L. Clarke ; P. Coupland ; M. van der Ent ; W. N. Erber ; J. H. Jansen ; R. Favier ; M. E. Fenech ; N. Foad ; K. Freson ; C. van Geet ; K. Gomez ; R. Guigo ; D. Hampshire ; A. M. Kelly ; H. H. Kerstens ; J. S. Kooner ; M. Laffan ; C. Lentaigne ; C. Labalette ; T. Martin ; S. Meacham ; A. Mumford ; S. Nurnberg ; E. Palumbo ; B. A. van der Reijden ; D. Richardson ; S. J. Sammut ; G. Slodkowicz ; A. U. Tamuri ; L. Vasquez ; K. Voss ; S. Watt ; S. Westbury ; P. Flicek ; R. Loos ; N. Goldman ; P. Bertone ; R. J. Read ; S. Richardson ; A. Cvejic ; N. Soranzo ; W. H. Ouwehand ; H. G. Stunnenberg ; M. Frontini ; A. Rendon
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Published 2014
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2014-09-27
    Publisher:
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Print ISSN:
    0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN:
    1095-9203
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Computer Science
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    *Alternative Splicing ; Cell Lineage/*genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Hematopoiesis/*genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; NFI Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Thrombopoiesis/genetics ; Transcriptome
    Published by:
    http://www.aaas.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  3. 3
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2018-01-12
    Publisher:
    American Society of Hematology (ASH)
    Print ISSN:
    0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN:
    1528-0020
    Topics:
    Biology
    Medicine
    Keywords:
    Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Transplantation, Myeloid Neoplasia
    Published by:
    http://www.hematology.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  4. 4
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2018-01-12
    Publisher:
    American Society of Hematology (ASH)
    Print ISSN:
    0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN:
    1528-0020
    Topics:
    Biology
    Medicine
    Keywords:
    Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Transplantation, Myeloid Neoplasia
    Published by:
    http://www.hematology.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  5. 5
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2018-01-12
    Publisher:
    American Society of Hematology (ASH)
    Print ISSN:
    0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN:
    1528-0020
    Topics:
    Biology
    Medicine
    Keywords:
    Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Transplantation, Myeloid Neoplasia
    Published by:
    http://www.hematology.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  6. 6
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2018-04-20
    Publisher:
    American Society of Hematology (ASH)
    Print ISSN:
    0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN:
    1528-0020
    Topics:
    Biology
    Medicine
    Keywords:
    Hematopoiesis and Stem Cells, Transplantation, Free Research Articles, Myeloid Neoplasia, CME article, Clinical Trials and Observations
    Published by:
    http://www.hematology.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  7. 7
    Schouten, Stefan ; Jansen, J. H. Fred ; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S. ; Schefuß, Enno

    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Published 2003
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Source:
    Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Notes:
    [Auszug] The dominant forcing factors for past large-scale changes in vegetation are widely debated. Changes in the distribution of C4 plants—adapted to warm, dry conditions and low atmospheric CO2 concentrations—have been attributed to marked changes in environmental ...
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01500

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  8. 8
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-0584
    Keywords:
    Key words Differential display ; Myelodysplastic syndromes ; Chromosomal aberration
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Abstract  The most common chromosomal aberrations in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are complete or partial loss of chromosomes 5 and 7, and trisomy 8. To identify genes important in the pathogenesis of this disease that could be associated with these gross chromosomal defects, we have employed the differential display PCR (DDPCR) procedure developed by Liang and Pardee. This method allows simultaneous comparison of several cDNA sources for the presence of differentially expressed genes. Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) from two MDS patients, containing a 5q deletion or a trisomy 8, and three healthy controls were used. Initial screening resulted in the identification of five and three partial cDNA sequences, respectively that were either differentially expressed in both patient samples or in individual patients, as compared with the controls. The authenticity of aberrant expression was verified by reanalyzing the same primer combinations on newly prepared cDNA. Differential expression of the three remaining fragments was subsequently checked on a larger panel of MDS patients, using amplicon-specific primer sets. These were obtained by cloning and sequencing of the fragments. For one partial cDNA (DC3), the original expression pattern, i.e., decreased expression in individual MDS patients, was confirmed. These results demonstrate the utility of the DDPCR procedure to isolate differentially expressed sequences in primary patient samples where the availability of cells is a limiting factor.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050165

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  9. 9
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-0584
    Keywords:
    Interleukin-4 ; Cytokines
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Summary Since its discovery in 1982, numerous biological activities of interleukin-4 (IL-4) have been described. Like other cytokines, IL-4 is highly pleiotropic, both with respect to the number of different target cells that are responsive to it and with respect to the number of different biological responses it elicits. Interleukin-4 was initially described as a costimulant for the proliferation of B lymphocytes stimulated with anti-IgM antibody. Synonyms for this cytokine are B cell growth factor-1 (BCGF-1) and B cell stimulatory factor-1 (BSF-1). After cloning of both the murine and human IL-4, the use of recombinant IL-4 enabled detailed studies of its biological functions. Many cell types, mainly of hematological origin, express receptors for IL-4. Accordingly, effects of IL-4 have been described on B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, NK cells, mononuclear phagocytes, mast cells, fibroblasts and hematopoietic progenitor cells (Fig. 1). Currently, there are three major areas in which IL-4 appears to play an important role: 1) regulation of B cell growth and of antibody isotype expression. In this context, a possible role for IL-4 in allergic reactions is of special interest. 2) Stimulation of T cell growth and the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In addition to the suppressive effects on the induction of non HLA-restricted cellular cytotoxicity by natural killer- (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, this suggests a role for IL-4 in the regulation of cellular immune responses. 3) Regulation of the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic bone marrow stem cells. IL-4 itself does not induce proliferation of hematological progenitor cells but it can modulate the growth-factor dependent proliferation of these cells. In this review the biological functions of IL-4, reported until present, are discussed.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01736226

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  10. 10
    Hagan, J. J. ; Jansen, J. H. M. ; Broekkamp, C. L. E.
    Springer
    Published 1987
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-2072
    Keywords:
    Place navigation ; Scopolamine ; Pirenzepine ; Muscarinic M1 and M2 receptors ; Rats
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist pirenzepine on place navigation in a water maze. In the first experiment rats were required to learn the location of a hidden platform following intracerebroventricular injections of equimolar doses of pirenzepine or scopolamine methylbromide. Both drugs dose-dependently impaired spatial learning according to both escape latency data and transfer test analysis. Pirenzepine was approximately 3 times less potent than scopolamine, a potency ratio which suggests M1 receptor mediation of the impairment. In the second experiment pirenzepine (1∼92.3 μg/rat ICV) was injected prior to training on a simultaneous place dicrimination task in the water maze. Impairments of choice accuracy were found with a dose of 20 μg/rat in the absence of any marked increases in either errors of omission or choice latency. These data suggest that M1 receptor blockade impairs processes which are involved in spatial learning.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207237

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  11. 11
    Andrews, J. S. ; Jansen, J. H. M. ; Linders, S. ; Princen, A.
    Springer
    Published 1994
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-2072
    Keywords:
    Delayed matching to position ; Muscarinic ; Nicotinic ; Cholinergic antagonists ; Scopolamine ; Pirenzepine ; Hemicholinium-3 ; Mecamylamine ; Hexamethonium ; Memory ; Rats
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Abstract The effects of disrupting the muscarinic or nicotinic systems on short-term spatial memory were investigated using a delayed matching to position (DMTP) procedure. Rats were trained on the DMTP until stability and then divided into two groups: one group was implanted with an indwelling cannula aimed at the lateral ventricle. The cannulated group received injections of selective muscarinic antagonists (pirenzepine, M1; AFDX 116, M2; UH-AH 37, M1/M3) or hemicholinium-3 (a choline uptake inhibitor). The remaining animals were treated with conventional muscarinic antagonists (scopolamine, methyl scopolamine) or nicotinic channel blockers (mecamylamine, hexamethonium). Scopolamine, methyl scopolamine and UH-AH 37 disrupted all performance parameters in a non-specific but dose related manner. Pirenzepine disrupted accuracy in a delay, but not dose dependent manner, and exerted no other negative effects on performance. Hemicholinium-3-induced performance deficits showed some elements of effects seen following pirenzepine and scopolamine (delay dependent effects on accuracy, some negative effects on other motoric aspects of performance). AFDX 116 and hexamethonium had no significant effects on performance with respect to control. Mecamylamine reduced accuracy and increased response latencies at the highest dose tested. These data indicate that muscarinic antagonists are more effective at disrupting mnemonic performance than nicotinic blockers, and moreover, that distinct muscarinic receptors may have differential effects on cognitive performance.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245572

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  12. 12
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-2072
    Keywords:
    Spatial discrimination ; Hemicholinium-3 ; THA ; Serotonin ; Noradrenaline ; ACetylcholine ; Rats
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Abstract Tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA: Tacrine) has previously been shown to reverse deficits in spatial discrimination learning induced by hemicholinium-3 (HC-3). In the present experiments the effects of prior depletion of serotonin (5-HT) or noradrenaline (NA) on this reversal were examined. In the first experiment 5-HT lesions were made by injecting 5,7-DHT (2×50 µg/5 µl) into the lateral ventricles of rats pretreated with desmethylimipramine (DMI 25 mg/kg IP). A permanently indwelling guide tube was then implanted over the right lateral ventricle. Subsequent testing, under drug-free conditions, revealed no effect of the lesion on the number of trials needed to attain criterion (nine consecutive correct choices) in two-platform spatial discrimination learning in a watermaze. Using a latin square design rats were then tested for the effects of HC-3 and THA. HC-3 (5 µg/5 µl ICV) or placebo (CSF) were injected 60 min before the start of a 30-trial training session. THA (4.6, 10 mg/kg SC) or placebo were then injected 15 min before training. Choice accuracy but not choice latency was significantly impaired by HC-3 and the effect was reversed by THA in both sham operated and 5-HT lesioned rats. In the second experiment two injections of DSP-4 (50 mg/kg IP) were given, following cannulation, to deplete forebrain NA. The lesion had no effect on spatial learning under drug-free conditions and failed to block the THA-induced reversal of spatial discrimination learning deficits following HC-3. These results confirm that forebrain Ach depletion by HC-3 impairs spatial discrimination learning and that the deficit is reversed by THA. However, concommitant depletion of forebrain 5-HT or NA does not block the ameliorative effect of THA.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244057

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  13. 13
    Hagan, J. J. ; Jansen, J. H. M. ; Broekkamp, C. L. E.
    Springer
    Published 1989
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-2072
    Keywords:
    Spatial discrimination ; Hemicholinium-3 ; Rats ; Cholinesterase inhibitors ; Muscarinic agonists
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Abstract The effects of hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) on spatial discriminaton learning were studied. Rats were equipped with indwelling cannulae in the right lateral ventricle and, following recovery, were trained on a two platform spatial discrimination task in a water maze. In this task a visible escape platform remains in a fixed position in the pool during a single training session, whilst the location of an identical “float” (which affords no escape) is randomly varied. For each session the location of the fixed escape platform was changed and the rats were retrained to criterion following pretreatment either with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or HC-3 (2.5, 5.0 μg/rat/ICV) 1 h before training. Each rat received every treatment according to a latin square design. The results showed that spatial learning was dose dependently impaired by HC-3, choice accuracy being reduced to chance levels by the higher dose. There was no evidence of motoric difficulty, as choice latencies were not significantly increased. Experiments were then conducted to test for reversal of the deficit using a range of psychotropic drugs. Rats were treated with CSF or HC-3 (5 μg/rat ICV) 60 min prior to testing and test drugs were injected 15 min before testing. Some doses of physostigmine (46–460 μg/kg/SC) and tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) (2.2–10 mg/kg/SC) reversed the spatial learning deficit. The muscarinic agonists arecoline (0.046–1 mg/kg/SC), aceclidine (1–10 mg/kg/SC), oxotremorine (30–100 μg/kg/SC) and RS-86 (0.46, 1.0 μg/kg/SC) were also effective. Pilocarpine (0.22–2.2 mg/kg/SC) showed marginal activity and isoarecoline (4.6–10 mg/kg/SC) was inactive. Nicotine (0.32, 1, 3.2 mg/kg/SC) and piracetam (10, 30, 100 mg/kg IP) were also inactive. The α2 agonist, clonidine (46, 100 μg/kg SC) and the antagonist idazoxan (32, 100 μg/kg SC) were also inactive. Learning deficits were not reversed by haloperidol (20, 60 μg/kg), amphetamine (0.1, 0.46 mg/kg), the selective 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT (30, 100 μg/kg) or by the benzodiazapine antagonist ZK 93426 (1, 3.2, 10 mg/kg). The results show that forebrain Ach depletion by HC-3 impairs spatial discrimination learning and these deficits are reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors and some muscarinic receptor agonists. Some degree of pharmacological selectivity is indicated by the failure of a range of other drugs to reverse the impairments.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00451686

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses