Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:J. Gupta)

2018-04-24

The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

0019-9567

1098-5522

Medicine

2012-03-17

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

*Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Environment ; *Government ; *International Cooperation ; Policy ; Technology ; *United Nations

2015-08-01

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Drinking Water ; *Fresh Water ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; *Policy Making ; Water Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence

2018-11-01

Royal Society

2054-5703

Natural Sciences in General

medical computing, biomathematics, biomedical engineering

2018-06-13

BMJ Publishing Group

0143-005X

1470-2738

Medicine

Open access

2018-06-05

BMJ Publishing

2044-6055

Medicine

Open access, Public health

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1089-7623

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

We present an apparatus which is capable of small-angle x-ray scattering studies of polymer deformation at strain rates ranging from 49.6 μm/s to less than 0.033 μm/s and temperatures ranging from room (≈22 °C) to 120 °C. The system also includes a load cell for measuring the force applied to the sample and a symmetric stretching system to keep the sample centered in the x-ray beam. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Objective–To compare routine versus highly selective use of Doppler ultrasound and biophysical scoring in higher risk pregnancy. Design–A pragmatic randomized trial. Setting–St James's University Hospital, Leeds. Subjects–500 pregnant women at high risk of intrauterine growth retardation or still birth. Interventions–Regular monitoring with biophysical profile assessment and Doppler velocity waveform recording in umbilical and uteroplacental arteries. Results immediately available to clinicians. Main outcome measures–Gestational age al delivery, obstetric intervention rates and short-term neonatal morbidity. Results–Risk factors were distributed very evenly between the 250 patients in the study and control groups respectively. A total of 902 biophysical profile and Doppler assessments were done in the 250 study group patients and only in 12 patients in the control group. In the study group, absent end-diastolic flow was found in only 2.7% of all 902 measurements. A persistently abnormal biophysical score was always associated with absence of end-diastolic flow. The mean gestational age at induction of labour was statistically and clinically similar in the two groups and there was no overall statistically significant difference in intervention rates between the two groups. There was a statistically significant lower frequency of depressed 5-min Apgar scores in the study group. Serious neonatal morbidity was also statistically significantly more common in the control group than in the study group. Conclusions–The use of Doppler ultrasound in higher risk pregnancies does not lead to an increase in iatrogenic preterm delivery. The total rate of positive tests on Doppler ultrasound is very low and persistently abnormal biophysical scores are unlikely to be found in patients where umbilical end-diastolic blood flow is present. Surrogate measures for fetal damage seem to be improved when clinicians have access to Doppler ultrasound assessments.

Electronic Resource

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Summary. X-ray pelvimetry was performed on 43 women in the squatting and erect positions within 1 week of delivery. The act of squatting increased the transverse and antero-posterior pelvic dimensions by 1 %. The theoretical mechanisms by which posture may affect dimensions are discussed.

Electronic Resource

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Summary. The results of surgery for tubal damage, other than reversal of sterilization, were studied in two large hospitals. This is the first recent study from centres claiming no special expertise in this surgery. An unusually high follow-up rate was obtained. The term pregnancy rate for patients operated on for bilateral distal tubal occlusion was 4%. The success rate is lower than the lowest reported, overall success rates for each cycle of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and very much lower than cumulative term pregnancy rates for tubal surgery reported by most other authors. Patients with distal tubal occlusion but minimal adhesions had the best prognosis. Our results suggest that, provided in vitro fertilization is available, only those patients with good prognostic factors should undergo tubal surgery. These represent the minority of all patients with non-iatrogenic tubal blockage.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The addition of 0.4–8.6 at. % Co to Cu thin films strongly influences the temperature evolution of microstructure, stress, and resistivity. For concentrations near 1 at. % Co in coevaporated Cu-Co on oxidized Si, normal grain growth begins at about 75 °C, about 50 °C lower than in pure Cu. There is an abrupt decrease in resistivity and stress at a temperature which increases with Co content from 120 °C (0% Co) to 250 °C (8.6 at. % Co), and coincides with precipitation of Co within Cu grains. A dramatic change in texture is observed in both coevaporated and electroplated Cu-Co films upon annealing above 250 °C. As-deposited films have a three-component texture of (111) fiber, (200) fiber, and random but annealed films have a dominant (200) fiber texture. This "cube'' texture differs from the dominant (111) texture of annealed pure Cu, and appears to be coupled to an abnormal grain growth process since many grains are observed to be larger than ten times the film thickness. It is proposed that segregation of Co to external surfaces or to Cu grain boundaries may favor this (200) texture by selectively affecting grain-boundary mobility or the surface energy driven grain growth.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Scanning ion microscopy (SIM) employing focused ion beam (FIB) imaging was used to study the grain structure of thin copper films as a function of annealing temperature from 20 to 500 °C. Accurate measurement of grain size is obtained for grains as small as 60 nm, allowing the microstructure of copper to be analyzed on small-grained samples which show poor contrast in scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the short sample preparation time provides an advantage over transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The growth and coalescence of small (〈100 nm) grains in the initially bimodal grain size distribution occurs in the temperature range of 250–350 °C in films of 1000 nm thickness. This grain growth takes place concurrently with the relaxation of compressive stress as observed by temperature-ramped stress measurement. Also, temperature-ramped in situ TEM examination confirms that coarsening of small grains is the dominant grain growth mechanism up to 500 °C.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

We report on the observation of zero-dimensional (0D) excitonic confinement in locally strained Zn1−xCdxSe quantum wells. Strain fields from self-organized CdSe quantum dots are used to locally modulate the band structure of a nearby quantum well in a heterostructure, resulting in confinement in all three dimensions. The 0D nature of excitonic confinement is verified by the observation of sharp lines in photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The temperature dependence of the PL lifetime is markedly different than that of the CdSe quantum dots. High-resolution spectra show that the PL lines from the localized states are split into linearly polarized doublets. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

GdSixOy gate dielectric films were deposited on Si(001) substrates using ultra-high-vacuum electron-beam evaporation from pressed-powder targets. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the films were amorphous as deposited and remained amorphous when annealed to temperatures up to 900 °C. Capacitance–voltage measurements indicate an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 13.4 Å for a film with composition GdSi0.56O2.59 determined by in situ x-ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy. After forming gas annealing at 500 °C the EOT was reduced to 11.0 Å, at a physical thickness of 45 Å. The same film has a low leakage current of approximately 5.7×10−3 A cm−2 at +1 V, a reduction of 8.7×104 compared to current density estimates of SiO2 films with the same specific capacitance. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1523-536X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

A substantive amendment to this systematic review was last made on 23 March 1999. Cochrane reviews are regularly checked and updated if necessary.〈section xml:id="abs1-1"〉〈title type="main"〉ABSTRACT Background: For centuries, there has been controversy around whether being upright (sitting, birthing stools, chairs, squatting) or lying down has advantages for women delivering their babies. Objectives: The objective of this review was to assess the benefits and risks of the use of different positions during the second stage of labour (i.e., from full dilatation of the cervix). Search strategy: Relevant trials are identified from the register of trials maintained by the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group, and from the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Selection criteria: Trials were included which compared various positions assumed by pregnant women during the second stage of labour. Randomised and quasi-randomised trials with appropriate follow-up were included. Data collection and analysis: Trials were independently assessed for inclusion, and data extracted by the two authors. Disagreements would have been resolved by consensus with an editor. Meta-analysis of data is performed using the RevMan software. Main results: Results should be interpreted with caution as the methodological quality of the 18 trials was variable. Use of any upright or lateral position, compared with supine or lithotomy positions, was associated with:〈list style="custom"〉1Reduced duration of second stage of labour (12 trials—mean 5.4 minutes, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9–6.9 minutes). This was largely due to a considerable reduction in women allocated to use of the birth cushion.2A small reduction in assisted deliveries (17 trials—odds ratio (OR) 0.82, 95% CI 0.69–0.98).3A reduction in episiotomies (11 trials—OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.64–0.84).4A smaller increase in second degree perineal tears (10 trials—OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09–1.54).5Increased estimated risk of blood loss 〉 500ml (10 trials—OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.34–3.32).6Reduced reporting of severe pain during second stage of labour (1 trial—OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.41–0.83).7Fewer abnormal fetal heart rate patterns (1 trial—OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11–0.91). Reviewers' conclusions: The tentative findings of this review suggest several possible benefits for upright posture, with the possibility of increased risk of blood loss 〉 500 mL.Women should be encouraged to give birth in the position they find most comfortable. Until such time the benefits and risks of various delivery positions are estimated with greater certainty when methodologically stringent trials data are available, then women should be allowed to make informed choices about the birth positions in which they might wish to assume for delivery of their babies. Citation: Gupta JK, Nikodem VC. Women's position during second stage of labour (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2000. Oxford: Update Software.

Electronic Resource

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource