Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:J. Gilmour)

2018-01-18

The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

0099-2240

1098-5336

Biology

2014-07-12

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Amino Acid Sequence ; Consensus Sequence ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; HIV Infections/*transmission ; HIV-1/*genetics ; *Heterosexuality ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Statistical ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Point Mutation ; Risk Factors ; *Selection, Genetic ; Viral Load

1432-0843

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary Response to cytotoxic agents is assumed to be related to the concentration of drug achieved within tumour tissue. It is also often assumed that, given similar tissue concentrations of drug, normal tissues are less responsive to the same cytotoxic agents. This can partly be explained by the number of cells in normal tissues that are differentiated. These non dividing cells, in a stable testing phase of the cell cycle (Go) are less susceptible to cytotoxic damage. Little is actually known about the relationship between tumour drug concentrations and those in the tissue of the tumour-bearing organ. In this study, we compared doxorubicin concentrations in paried samples of tumour and normal breast tissue from 17 previously untreated women undergoing mastectomy. The relative cellularities of both specimens were estimated by measuring their DNA content. There was wide variation in intra-tumoural doxorubicin concentrations (range, 220–1,590 ng/g). Normal tissue also showed marked inter-patient variation (range, 81–1,000 ng/g). For a single patient the tumour drug concentrations were significantly higher than those in normal breast tissue (P〈0.05), and tumour: normal tissue ratios ranged from 1.27 to 8.30. Where doxorubicin concentration was expressed in terms of the relative cellularity of the tissues, there was no significant difference between, drug concentrations in the tumour and those in normal breast tissue (tumour: normal ratios, 1.1: 1.8). There was a significant correlation (r=0.76,P〈0.05) between peak serum values and tumour concentrations of drug. No correlation was found between drug concentrations achieved and the histological grade or oestrogen receptor status of the breast cancer.

Electronic Resource

article

1985

Einstellung (Psy) ; Lehrer ; Lehrerfortbildung ; Lehrerrolle ; Unterrichtsmethode ; Unterrichtsmaterial ; Naturwissenschaftlicher Unterricht ; Innovation ; Südafrika

Journal of education for teaching, Bd. 11 (1985) H. 3, S. 245-263, 0260-7476

0305-8913

English

Literaturangaben 25

2018-01-05

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Geosciences

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Ecology, Geochemistry, Geophysics

1089-7623

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

RELAX is a resonance ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometer to which a cryogenic sample concentrator has been added. This has resulted in an increase in sensitivity by a factor greater than 100. The sample concentrator consists of a localized cold spot in the ion source, onto which the sample condenses, and a heating laser to release the condensed sample into the ionization region. The lifetime against detection of a sample atom is close to 20 min, which corresponds to a count rate of 1 cps from a sample of 1000 atoms, while the mass resolution is 300 (10% peak height). Sensitivity depends on the return time of sample atoms to the cold spot (10 s) and the fraction of these atoms subsequently ionized (∼1%). The minimum sample size which can be measured is limited only by blank, which is currently 2×10−15 cc STP total xenon and isotopically atmospheric (this can be attributed to the large aliquots of xenon admitted to the instrument during development, and so may be expected to decrease with time). The precision of abundance measurements has been improved by the incorporation of pulse height discrimination and pulse counting detection for the less abundant isotopes. The design, construction, and operation of the spectrometer in its new configuration are described with particular attention to abundance extraction. The effects of the sample concentrator on ionization efficiency and discrimination are discussed in detail, as are interferences from nonresonantly ionized hydrocarbons and the means of accounting for them.

Electronic Resource

1469-7610

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Psychology

Background:  Increasing numbers of children are referred to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services because of disruptive behaviour. Recent reviews on the origins of conduct problems indicate that the most severe and persistent forms are found predominantly among males with a range of neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities, which are likely to have biological substrates. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that many children who are identified with conduct disorder actually have a primary deficit in pragmatic language skills, of a quality and degree that is similar to children on the autistic spectrum. We hypothesised that pragmatic difficulties may underlie the antisocial behaviour in a proportion of children who are labelled as conduct disordered.Methods:  Using the Children's Communication Checklist (Bishop, 1998), we surveyed 142 children who had been referred for clinical investigation, with a predominant diagnosis of either an autistic spectrum condition (n = 87) or conduct disorder (n = 55), and 60 typically developing comparison children. Among children with conduct disorders, males predominated 9:1.Results:  On the basis of parent and teacher ratings, two-thirds of those with conduct disorders had pragmatic language impairments and other behavioural features similar in nature and degree to those of children with autism, independent of IQ. In a further study, we surveyed 54 children who had been excluded from elementary schools in a socio-economically disadvantaged inner-London borough and found over two-thirds to have comparable deficits.Conclusions:  These findings have both theoretical and practical implications. First, they indicate the presence of communicative problems in a sub-group of children in whom conduct rather than language had been the major concern. Second, they indicate that severe deficits in pragmatic abilities and autistic-like behaviours can coexist with psychiatric conditions other than autism, especially in boys. Third, they imply that the management of many disruptive children could profitably be addressed to ameliorating their social and communicative skill deficits.

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] THE early 1850's as a starting point for the examination of the development of taxonomic theory are appropriate not only because of the centenary aspect of the Edinburgh meeting of the British Association but also because they have an intrinsic importance as the culminating point of pre-Darwinian ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] WH. CAMP1 has given powerful voice to the view. that the species and other categories below the rank of family recognized in the codes of zoological and botanical nomenclature may well prove unserviceable as an instrument to describe the rich complexity of the units revealed by modern studies in ...

Electronic Resource

1467-6494

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Psychology

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Experience of using this system has revealed two disadvantages: (a) it is often difficult to appreciate the correspondence between the decimal race codes and the patterns of susceptibility on the differential hosts unless one is highly accustomed to converting decimal values to binary notation; (b) ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] IN the course of work on the experimental delimitation of botanical groups, the need has arisen for a term which can be applied to any specified assemblage of taxonomically closely related individuals. Such phrases as ‘local intrabreeding populations’ or ‘populations occupying a specific ...

Electronic Resource

1432-1793

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract Laboratory and field experiments were used to determine whether high (≃100 mg l−1), low (≃50 mg l−1) and control (≃0 mg l−1) levels of suspended sediment affected fertilisation, larval survival, and larval settlement in the scleractinian coral Acropora digitifera (Dana, 1846). Both high- and low-sediment treatments significantly decreased fertilisation, but post-fertilisation embryonic development was not inhibited by suspended sediments. Larval survival and larval settlement were significantly reduced in high- and low-sediment treatments. No difference was found between high- and low-sediment treatments in any of the three post-spawning processes investigated, suggesting that they are susceptible to sediment concentrations which are not exceptionally high even under natural conditions (〉50 mg l−1). The introduction of an additional stress in the form of high levels of suspended sediments coupled with naturally high variability in recruitment may have a considerable effect on the successful supply and settlement of coral larvae to a reef. Given that many coral communities are open reproductive systems, the consequences of disturbance events are not likely to be restricted to the impact area. Recruitment to a population may be reduced significantly in the presence of high levels of suspended sediments because of effects on larval survival and settlement. Recruitment of larvae to adjacent populations may also be affected due to a decreased fertilisation success and potential increases in mortality of larvae passing through the affected site.

Electronic Resource

1871-4528

Erwinia ; Scotland

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Summary Two distinct round patches were observed in a potato field where the haulm showed symptoms like those of blackleg. The remainder of the field was in vigorous growth. Affected stems had long cracks andErwinia carotovora var.atroseptica was isolated from some. This had probably developed subsequently on damaged tissue and no rotting was apparent below soil level. Most of the tubers were decayed but noErwinia and only green pseudomonads were detected. Local meteorological records showed that thunderstorms occurred on only one day (1 August) in the six weeks before observation of the field symptoms. It was concluded from all evidence that the condition described was caused by a lightning strike on that day.

Electronic Resource

1573-7446

dysautonomia ; ganglia ; grass sickness ; horse ; intestine ; neuron ; plexus

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The number of neurons in the coeliacomesenteric ganglia and the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the jejunum, ileum and small colon, and the pathological changes induced in them, were studied in various types of equine dysautonomia. In all forms of dysautonomia, severe and extensive neuron loss and damage occurred in the ileum. In acute and subacute dysautonomia, jejunal neuron loss and damage were severe, but in chronic cases significantly less loss or damage occurred. The damage followed the same pattern in the small colon but it was always less obvious than in the jejunum. The distribution of the damage was uniform within a segment of the intestine. In fatal cases of dysautonomia, the clinical severity and duration of illness seems, in most instances, to be related to the amount of neuronal disruption occurring in the jejunum. Severe disruption results in acute/subacute dysautonomia, while milder damage leads to the chronic form. No case of dysautonomia was encountered in which enteric neuron loss and damage occurred without significant neuronal disruption also occurring in the coeliacomesenteric ganglia. Ileal neuronal damage and loss are not invariably worse than that in the jejunum, and the possible reasons for this, together with the relationship between neuronal damage and possible causes of dysautonomia, are discussed.

Electronic Resource

1573-7446

age ; horse ; intestine ; neuron ; plexus

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract A study of myenteric and submucosal plexuses was undertaken in the jejunum and ileum of horses and ponies in which no clinical or pathological evidence of intestinal abnormality was apparent. Complete transverse sections of the intestine, stained by a modified haematoxylin and eosin method, were examined using up to 20 sequential sections per animal. Information was gathered from adult, juvenile and fetal equidae. In adults, the longitudinal muscle layers were thinner than the circular muscle layers and the ileum had thicker layers compared to the jejunum. In adults, the submucosal plexus had more neurons per section than the myenteric plexus by mean ratios of 1:3 in the jejunum and 1:1.9 in the ileum. In juveniles, the ratios were respectively 1:1.8 and 1:1.5 and in the fetus 1:2.5 and 1:1.3. The three-dimensional distribution of neurons in both plexuses varied from animal to animal and no consistent pattern was observed. Groups of neurons contained between one and 42 cells per section examined and their length in a cranio-caudal direction varied from 10 to over, 100 µm. There were few statistical differences observed between the cranial, middle and caudal portions of either the jejunum or the ileum when neuron groups or neuron numbers per section were examined in 10 adult animals.

Electronic Resource

1615-6110

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Electronic Resource

1573-5036

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Summary Soil solution Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe concentrations which were monitored throughout the growing season were found to be representative for flooded rice culture. Plant Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe contents of top, middle and bottom leaves as well as whole plants were also measured periodically throughout the growing season. These data were found to be within reported ranges for rice plants grown on flooded soils. Simple regression analyses were performed between plant micronutrient contents for each plant part sampled and the corresponding soil solution values. Results showed that the most promising portions of the rice plant to sample for accurate assessment of plant response to changes in soil solution micronutrient concentration as a function of time are as follows: (a) for Zn, bottom leaf; (b) for Cu, top or bottom leaf, whole plant; (c) for Mn, top leaf and (d) for Fe, bottom leaf or whole plant. re]19750915

Electronic Resource

1573-6857

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Electronic Resource

1573-5036

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Summary The rates of dry matter accumulation (g/plant/wk) and micronutrient (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe) uptake (μg/plant/wk) were calculated for Starbonnet and Nato rice varieties. Rates of dry matter accumulation were greatest during the reproductive phase of growth. Rates of micronutrient uptake were largest near the particle initiation stage of growth irrespective of the micronutrient considered. The data suggested that maximum rates of micronutrient uptake were due to net increases in uptake as well as increases in dry matter addition. Cumulative uptake of Cu, Mn, and Fe was largest in Nato, while cumulative uptake of Zn was slightly larger in Starbonnet. re]19750915

Electronic Resource