Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:J. D. Watson)

2018-11-06

American Physical Society (APS)

1098-0121

1095-3795

Physics

Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems

2018-09-18

American Physical Society (APS)

1098-0121

1095-3795

Physics

Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics

2015-10-04

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Cooperative Behavior ; Datasets as Topic/history ; Genome, Human/genetics ; History, 20th Century ; Human Genome Project/*history/organization & administration ; Humans ; Information Dissemination/history ; Microbiota/genetics ; National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.)/history ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Research Personnel/history/organization & administration ; United States

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

A prospective randomized controlled trial designed to investigate selective planned delivery is reported: 264 obstetrically normal women in the 38th week of pregnancy were admitted to this trial and 184 completed it. The infants of mothers in the planned delivery group had higher serum bilirubin levels on the fifth day post partum than control infants but no baby required treatment for hyperbilirubinaemia. Mothers in the planned delivery group required significantly greater amounts of pethidine while control mothers had a significantly higher incidence of meconium staining of the amniotic fluid. However, the infants in the two groups had similar Apgar scores at birth. There was one stillbirth in the control group; this was due to unrecognized fetal hypoxia during labour induced at 42 weeks for postmaturity.

Electronic Resource

1365-2044

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The efficacy of the non-particulate antacid 0.3 M sodium citrute in single and multiple dose regimes was investigated in 156 obstetric patients, both emergency and elective, who required operative delivery under general anasthesia. Failure of either of these regimes to elevate the intragastric pH consistently to an ucceptuhle level (〉 3) led to investigation of a regime combining the histamine H2-receptor antugonist. ranitidine, and a single pre-anasthetic dose of 0.3 M sodium citrate in a further I70 patients. Satisfactory pH values (〉3) were achieved in all patients studied. The results from the first 99 cases were analysed statistically by comparison with the multiple dose sodium citrate regime and showed a very significant improvement in the ranitidine group for intragastric pH and volume. No untoward side-effects were discovered in either mother or baby and the 6-hourly administration of ranitidine, which was easily complied with, had no eflect on the progress of labour or operutive delivery rate.

Electronic Resource

1365-3083

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Antigen presenting cells (APC) similar to immature dendritic cells can be generated in vitro from bone marrow precursors. The authors have compared the yield, the phenotype and the function of murine bone marrow cells cultured for 7 or 11 days in either granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor alone (GM BMAPC) or in combination with interleukin-4 (GM/IL-4 BMAPC). The results showed that GM/IL-4 BMAPC expressed the highest levels of MHC Class 2 molecules, CD86 /B7-2 and CD80/B7-1 co-stimulatory molecules and the lowest levels of F4/80 macrophage marker. However, when these APC were pulsed with BCG culture filtrate antigen or PPD they were not correspondingly more effective at stimulating activated T lymphocytes in vitro or priming naive T lymphocytes in vivo. Also, in contrast to GM BMAPC, high backgrounds recorded following injections of GM/IL-4 BMAPC without antigen were not consistently reduced by lowering the dose and irradiating the cells prior to administration. The authors conclude that the degree of maturity of BMAPC varies with culture conditions and that this may be an important consideration where BMAPC are to be used in vivo in immunotherapeutic regimens.

Electronic Resource

1365-3083

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The ability of B cells to act as effective antigen-presenting cells is a source of debate which centres on the degree of activation of either B cells or T cells. We have investigated whether B cells treated with interleukin 4 (IL-4) can express the two signals required to activate T cells: MHC Class 2/antigenic peptide complexes(signal 1) and the costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2 (signal 2). We have also determined whether these cells could activate atitigen-experienced T cells in vitro and whether they could prime naive T cells in vivo. We found that B cells expressed abutidant MHC Class 2 molecules and moderate levels of B7-2 after 24 h culture in IL-4 with or without purified protein derivative (PPD) but B7-1 was not detectable. PPD-pulsed, IL-4 treated B cells induced antigeti-experienced T cells to proliferate in vitro but these cells failed to prime naive T cells in vivo when injected itito mice. We conclude that signals, in addition to those mduced with IL-4, are required for B cells to initiate an immutie respotise to atitigen.

Electronic Resource

1365-2230

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The aim of new treatments for psoriasis is to induce extended remissions with fewer side-effects. Previous studies suggest that Mycobacterium vaccae, a harmless organism prepared as a heat-killed suspension, may induce periods of remission in some psoriasis patients after intradermal administration. To assess a more potent derivative of M. vaccae, we conducted an open-label study in which 20 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index of 12–35) received two intradermal inoculations of heat-killed, delipidated, deglycolipidated M. vaccae (DD-MVAC or ‘PVAC’) in lesion-free deltoid skin, separated by a period of 3 weeks. Twelve weeks after the injections, 13 out of 20 patients (65%) showed marked improvement in the PASI score (〉 50% reduction), three were unchanged (〈 25% reduction), three had worsened (〉 5% increase), and one was withdrawn from the trial because of an exfoliative flare. At 24 weeks, 13 out of 19 patients continued to show 〉 50% improvement that, in some, lasted for 6 months or longer. Patients classified as good responders at 12 or 24 weeks were then offered additional PVAC injections after 24 weeks if the PASI reached 8 or higher. Intra-dermal administration of PVAC was safe, well tolerated, and induced clinically significant improvement in many psoriasis patients. A randomized, double-blind, controlled study is warranted.

Electronic Resource

1365-2044

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Racemic adrenaline administered via a nebulizer has been used successfully in children with upper airway obstruction resulting from croup and postintubation oedema. We report four adult cases of upper airway obstruction of differing aetiologies successfully managed with the administration of adrenaline via a nebulizer (1 mg in 5 ml of normal saline and repeated as necessary). This appears to be safe and effective in selected cases of upper airway obstruction with immediate benefits and few cardiovascular sequelae.

Electronic Resource

1365-2044

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

There are increasing numbers of patients admitted to hospital as a result of ingesting amphetamine-like drugs. The most severe cases exhibit hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, coagulopathy and renal failure. We describe six such patients with varying severity of intoxication, and have reviewed the recent literature with particular reference to the use of dantrolene. One of our patients died but the others all survived. There is little evidence that dantrolene influenced the outcome in patients reported to date. We believe that a controlled trial should be carried out in amphetamine-related hyperthermia before the use of dantrolene becomes widespread.

Electronic Resource

1744-313X

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Medicine

The antibody response in mice to type I calf skin collagen is quantitatively determined by genes which map to the I region of the H-2 histocompatibility complex. The use of H-2 recombinant B10 congenic strains of mice reveals that a gene in the IA subregion and a gene to the right of the IA subregion affect responsivenss. To examine complementation patterns in the antibody response to collagen, five B10 congenic strains, each bearing an independent H-2 haplotype, were intercrossed to obtain nine hybrid strains heterozygous at the H-2 locus. In five combinations heterozygous progeny produced significantly greater antibody responses than those observed for the homozygous parental strains. Two low responder haplotypes, H-2k and H-2d, were shown to be qualitatively different. Mice of these haplotypes show a different dose-response pattern and a different phenotypic pattern of inheritance with respect to the high responder H-2b haplotype. Complementation effects found in F1 hybrid mice derived from H-2 recombinant parental strains indicate that high responsiveness, controlled by an IAb subregion gene, can be influenced by an interaction between an IAk subregion gene and an ICd subregion gene on different chromosomes. These data are consistent with the possibility that there exist two or more I region genes that have distinct functions and can interact to affect the levels of immune responsiveness.

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Urine was collected for exactly twelve hours daily, for four days a week, over a period of 26 weeks. From the beginning of the fifth week to the end of the thirteenth week sorbitol was taken. The intention was to begin with 20 gm. daily for two or three days, and to increase it within two weeks to ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] WE wish to suggest a structure for the salt of (Jeoxyribose nucleic acid (D.N.A.). This structure has novel features which arc of considerable biological interest. A structure for nucleic acid has already been proposed by Pauling and Corey1. They kindly made their manuscript available to us in ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] WE wish to suggest a structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid (D.N.A.). This structure has novel features which are of considerable biological interest. A structure for nucleic acid has already been proposed by Pauling and Corey1. They kindly made their manuscript available to us in ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] THE importance of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) X within living cells is undisputed. It is found in all dividing cells, largely if not entirely in the nucleus, where it is an essential constituent of the chromosomes. Many lines of evidence indicate that it is the carrier of a part of (if not all) the ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] IT is a striking fact that almost all small viruses are either rods or spheres. The purpose of this article is to explain this observation by means of the following simple hypothesis : a small virus contains identical sub-units, packed together in a regular manner. It has been suggested before1 ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] An interesting transformation in these patterns is observed on raising the relative humidity above 90 per cent. A 'wet' form is obtained with the powder rings altered as listed in Table 1. The outermost rings are altered very little, but the inner rings are changed greatly both in position and ...

Electronic Resource

1365-3083

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1435-1528

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Zusammenfassung In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich ein wachsendes Interesse an der Schwingungs-Scheruntersuchung in der Rheologie gezeigt. Diese Arbeit beschreibt eine Meßmethode, die auf Korrelationstechniken beruht und die in Verbindung mit einem Weißenberg-Rheogoniometer zur direkten digitalen Anzeige der Porengoniometer zur direkten digitalen Anzeige der Probencharakteristiken führt. Der Solartron JM 1600, ein digitaler Frequenzanalysator, und der JX 1606, ein mechanisches Vergleichssynchronisiergerät, bilden die Grundlage des Meßsystems. Das Signal wird vom Übertrager auf der unteren Platte des Rheogoniometers übernommen und an das mechanische Bezugssynchronisiergerät weitergegeben. Das mechanische Bezugssynchronisiergerät gibt eine digitale Information in Abhängigkeit von der Frequenz und Phase der oszillatorischen Bewegung. Diese Information wird dem JM 1600 eingegeben und bildet ein Vergleichssignal für den Korrelator. Ein zweites Signal wird vom Übertrager, der sich auf der oberen Platte des Rheogoniometers befindet, entnommen. Der JM 1600 vergleicht dann die obere mit der unteren Platte. Die auf diese Art und Weise korrelierten Signale sind repräsentativ für jeden beliebigen Parameter, den der Übertrager liefert. Verstärkung und Phase des Ausgangs im Vergleich zum Eingang werden in kartesischen, Polar- oder log-Polarkoordinaten dargestellt. Das Gerät liefert Ausgangssignale sowohl in digitaler als auch analoger Form zur direkten „on-line“-Speicherung der Ergebnisse. Der Frequenzbereich erstreckt sich von 10−5 bis zu 160 Hz. Das Gerät ist voll programmierbar für die regelmäßige „on-line“-Probenahme bei Theologischen Prüfungen.

Summary In recent years, a growing interest has been shown in oscillatory shear testing when applied to Rheology. This paper describes a method of measurement based on correlation techniques, which when used in conjunction with aWeissenberg Rheogoniometer, provides direct digital readout of the specimen characteristics. The Solartron JM 1600 Digital Frequency Response Analyser and JX 1606 Mechanical Reference Synchroniser form the basis of the system. A signal is taken from the transducer on the lower platen of the rheogoniometer and fed to the mechanical reference synchroniser. The mechanical Reference Synchroniser provides digital information relating to the frequency and phase of the oscillatory motion. This information is fed to the JM 1600 Digital Transfer Function Analyser and forms a reference signal for the correlator. A second signal is taken from the transducer on the upper platen of the Rheogoniometer, and the JM 1600 then correlates upper against lower platens. The signals so correlated, can be representative of whatever parameters the transducers provide. The gain and phase of the output with respect to the input, are displayed in cartesian, polar or log polar co-ordinates. The instrument also provides outputs in both digital and analogue form, for direct on line recording of the results. The frequency spectrum covered is from 10−5 c/s to 160 c/s, and the instrument is fully programmable for on line routine sampling of rheological specimens.

Electronic Resource

1433-8580

Catecholamines ; Metenkephalin ; Shock: Endotoxin ; Naloxone

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary The alterations in plasma levels of immunoreactive metenkephalin (ir-metenkephalin) and catecholamines in adrenal vein and arterial blood in response to endotoxin, as well as the effects of subsequent naloxone administration, have been investigated in a canine model. Animals were anaesthetised with alpha choloralose and allowed to breathe spontaneously. The left lumbar adrenal vein was cannulated and an intermittent choke allowed retrograde sampling of the adrenal effluent. Severe shock was produced by the administration of a large bolus ofE. coli endotoxin (5 mg/kg) followed by a continuous infusion (2 mg/kg per hour). One hour after induction of shock the circulating volume was expanded using a colloidal gelatin solution. Thirty minutes later one group of five animals received a bolus of naloxone (2 mg/kg) followed by a continuous infusion of (1.5 mg/kg per hour), while a control group of five animals was given an equivalent volume of isotonic saline. The production of endotoxin shock was associated with marked increases in adrenal vein and systemic levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Naloxone administration transiently limited the fall in adrenal vein levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline (P 〈 0.05) following volume replacement and was associated with a sustained increase in systemic adrenaline levels (P 〈 0.05). Changes in mean arterial pressure confirmed a significant haemodynamic response to naloxone (P 〈 0.05). Alterations in ir-metenkephalin levels in the adrenal vein closely followed the changes in catecholamines, whereas arterial levels rose progressively and were unaffected by naloxone. We conclude that in canine endotoxin shock the opiate antagonist naloxone can transiently increase catecholamine levels in the adrenal effluent and produce a more sustained rise in systemic adrenaline levels. Moreover, the adrenal medulla is not the only source of circulating ir-metenkephalin.

Electronic Resource