Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:J. C. Patel)

2014-05-30

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/physiology ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Electrical Synapses/genetics/ultrastructure ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Signal Transduction ; Synaptic Transmission/*genetics ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism

2014-07-22

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; *Models, Molecular ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5/*chemistry ; Rhodopsin/chemistry

1572-9699

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract After growth ofK. aerogenes in chemically defined media consisting of mineral salts andp-hydroxybenzoate with or without glucose, phenol was found in the culture fluid at concentrations inhibiting further growth. Bacteria adapted to mineral salts medium containingp-hydroxybenzoate as sole source of carbon and energy produced small but isolable quantities of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and catechol and oxidized these substances as rapidly asp-hydroxybenzoate. Bacteria adapted to mineral salts medium containing glucose as sole carbon and energy source did not oxidizep-hydroxybenzoate, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate or catechol. Bacteria adapted to glucose medium or top-hydroxybenzoate medium did not oxidize or utilize phenol as sole carbon and energy source. A metabolic pathway forp-hydroxybenzoate degradation is proposed and the formation of phenol is attributed to a side reaction.

Electronic Resource

1432-0428

High carbohydrate diet ; adult-onset diabetes ; control of diabetes

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Résumé La restriction des hydrates de carbone dans le régime des diabétiques est largement recommandée et pratiquée dans les pays occidentaux, mais pose un problème particulier dans le traitement des diabétiques végétariens en Inde, car les céréales telles que le blé et le riz constituent la majeure partie de leur régime. Des changements énergiques dans le régime peuvent être nécessaires pour diminuer la prise d'hydrates de carbone. 25 diabétiques adultes ont donc été autorisés à suivre leur régime habituel, et l'équilibre de leur diabète a été étudié. Les restrictions étaient faites seulement dans l'apport calorique total, quand cela était nécessaire, par réduction des matières grasses. La consommation moyenne d'hytrates de carbone était de 342 g, constituant 67% de l'apport calorique total moyen. Un bon contrôle clinique et biochimique du diabète pouvait être réalisé par l'administrationd'une dose modérée d'agents hypoglycémiants oraux ou d'insuline, et maintenu sans difficulté pendant la période d'observation allant de 6 mois à 8 ans, malgré l'apport élevé d'hydrates de carbone. Les avantages d'un tel régime sont énumérés.

Zusammenfassung Die Einschränkung der Kohlenhydrate in der Diät des Diabetikers wird in den Ländern des Westens viel empfohlen und geübt; sie bietet aber bei der Behandlung von diabetischen Vegetariern in Indien spezielle Probleme, da bei ihnen Getreideprodukte wie Weizen und Reis den überwiegenden Teil der Diät ausmachen. Eine Einschränkung der Kohlenhydratzufuhr würde daher bei diesen Patienten auf eine ausgesprochen drastische Umstellung der Diät hinauslaufen. Bei 25 Diabetikern vom Erwachsenen-Typ wurde daher die Einstellung des Diabetes kontrolliert, während sie ihre gewohnte Kost beibehielten. Soweit eine Kalorieneinschränkung erforderlich war, erfolgte sie durch Verringerung der Fettzufuhr. Der durchschnittliche Kohlenhydratverbrauch belief sich dabei auf 342 g, d.h. 70% der mittleren Kalorienaufnahme/Tag. Trotz der hohen KH-Zufuhr ließ sich bei diesen Patienten ohne Schwierigkeiten mit mittleren Dosen von oralen Antidiabetika oder Insulin eine gute Diabetes-Einstellung während der Untersuchungsperiode, die sieh über 1/2–8 Jahre ausdehnte, erzielen. Die Vorteile einer derartigen Diät werden aufgeführt.

Summary Restriction of carbohydrate in the diet of diabetics is widely advocated and practised in the Western Countries, but poses a special problem in the treatment of vegetarian diabetic patients in India, since cereals like wheat and rice constitute the major bulk of their diet. Drastic changes in the diet may be needed to curtail carbohydrate intake. 25 adult-onset diabetic patients were therefore allowed to eat their customary diet, and the control of their diabetes was studied. Restrictions were made only in the total caloric intake, where needed, by curtailing fats. The average carbohydrate consumption was 342 g, constituting 67% of the average total caloric intake. Prompt and adequate clinical and biochemical control of diabetes could be achieved by a moderate dose of oral hypoglycaemie agents or insulin, and maintained during their followup period of 6 months to 8 years without any difficulty despite their high carbohydrate intake. Avantages of such a diet are enumerated.

Electronic Resource

1572-9699

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract Klebsiella aerogenes adapted to a chemically-defined mineral salts medium with glucose orp-hydroxybenzoate as sole source of carbon and energy possessed constitutive decarboxylases for gentisate (2,5-dihydroxybenzoate), protocatechuate (3,4-dihydroxybenzoate) and gallate (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) whose pH optima were respectively 5.9, 5.6 and 5.8. A decarboxylase for PHB was induced by PHB in both growing and resting cells; the induction was delayed or inhibited by chloramphenicol and by ultrasonic disruption of the bacteria. Crude ultrasonic preparations of PHB decarboxylase had an optimum pH of 6.0, a Michaelis constant of 4mm and an activation energy of 25,500 cal mole−1 at 28 – 38 C. All four decarboxylations proceeded without O2 and for every mole of phenolic acid decomposed one mole of CO2 and one mole of the corresponding phenol were produced. The effects of ultrasonic disruption of the bacteria suggested that permeability barriers limited the rate of decarboxylation of PHB and 2,5-DHB but not of 3,4-DHB or 3,4,5-THB. During ultrasonic disintegration PHB and 3,4-DHB decarboxylases were retained solely by insoluble centrifugeable particles, whereas 2,5-DHB and 3,4,5-THB decarboxylases were gradually released into solution. The decarboxylation of protocatechuic acid is an essential stage in the assimilation ofp-hydroxybenzoic acid byK. aerogenes, whereas the decarboxylation ofp-hydroxybenzoate itself is an injurious side reaction.

Electronic Resource

0003-3146

Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Durch Friedel-Crafts-Polymerisation von Methylanisol mit 1,2-Dichlorethan wurden Harze hergestellt. Sie wurden durch IR-Spektren und mittlere Molekulargewichte (Mn) aus dampfdruckosmometrischen Messungen charakterisiert. Das thermische Verhalten wurde mit Differentialthermoanalyse (DTA), Thermogravimetrie (TG) und Differential-Scanning-Kalorimetrie (DSC) untersucht. Kinetische Parameter für den Abbau wurden aus TG- und DTA-Untersuchungen bestimmt. Es wurde gefunden, daß die thermische Stabilität von der Position der Methylgruppe am aromatischen Kern abhängt.

Resin samples have been prepared by the Friedel-Crafts polymerization of methylanisole with 1,2-dichloro ethane. The samples were characterized by IR-spectra and number average molecular weights Mn by vapour pressure osmometry (VPO). The thermal characterization has been carried out by differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Kinetic parameters for the decomposition are determined from TG- and DTA-studies. Thermal stability is found to be dependent upon the position of the methyl group on the aromatic nucleus.

4 Tab.

Electronic Resource