Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:J. A. Eisman)
-
1Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressH. F. Zheng ; V. Forgetta ; Y. H. Hsu ; K. Estrada ; A. Rosello-Diez ; P. J. Leo ; C. L. Dahia ; K. H. Park-Min ; J. H. Tobias ; C. Kooperberg ; A. Kleinman ; U. Styrkarsdottir ; C. T. Liu ; C. Uggla ; D. S. Evans ; C. M. Nielson ; K. Walter ; U. Pettersson-Kymmer ; S. McCarthy ; J. Eriksson ; T. Kwan ; M. Jhamai ; K. Trajanoska ; Y. Memari ; J. Min ; J. Huang ; P. Danecek ; B. Wilmot ; R. Li ; W. C. Chou ; L. E. Mokry ; A. Moayyeri ; M. Claussnitzer ; C. H. Cheng ; W. Cheung ; C. Medina-Gomez ; B. Ge ; S. H. Chen ; K. Choi ; L. Oei ; J. Fraser ; R. Kraaij ; M. A. Hibbs ; C. L. Gregson ; D. Paquette ; A. Hofman ; C. Wibom ; G. J. Tranah ; M. Marshall ; B. B. Gardiner ; K. Cremin ; P. Auer ; L. Hsu ; S. Ring ; J. Y. Tung ; G. Thorleifsson ; A. W. Enneman ; N. M. van Schoor ; L. C. de Groot ; N. van der Velde ; B. Melin ; J. P. Kemp ; C. Christiansen ; A. Sayers ; Y. Zhou ; S. Calderari ; J. van Rooij ; C. Carlson ; U. Peters ; S. Berlivet ; J. Dostie ; A. G. Uitterlinden ; S. R. Williams ; C. Farber ; D. Grinberg ; A. Z. LaCroix ; J. Haessler ; D. I. Chasman ; F. Giulianini ; L. M. Rose ; P. M. Ridker ; J. A. Eisman ; T. V. Nguyen ; J. R. Center ; X. Nogues ; N. Garcia-Giralt ; L. L. Launer ; V. Gudnason ; D. Mellstrom ; L. Vandenput ; N. Amin ; C. M. van Duijn ; M. K. Karlsson ; O. Ljunggren ; O. Svensson ; G. Hallmans ; F. Rousseau ; S. Giroux ; J. Bussiere ; P. P. Arp ; F. Koromani ; R. L. Prince ; J. R. Lewis ; B. L. Langdahl ; A. P. Hermann ; J. E. Jensen ; S. Kaptoge ; K. T. Khaw ; J. Reeve ; M. M. Formosa ; A. Xuereb-Anastasi ; K. Akesson ; F. E. McGuigan ; G. Garg ; J. M. Olmos ; M. T. Zarrabeitia ; J. A. Riancho ; S. H. Ralston ; N. Alonso ; X. Jiang ; D. Goltzman ; T. Pastinen ; E. Grundberg ; D. Gauguier ; E. S. Orwoll ; D. Karasik ; G. Davey-Smith ; A. V. Smith ; K. Siggeirsdottir ; T. B. Harris ; M. C. Zillikens ; J. B. van Meurs ; U. Thorsteinsdottir ; M. T. Maurano ; N. J. Timpson ; N. Soranzo ; R. Durbin ; S. G. Wilson ; E. E. Ntzani ; M. A. Brown ; K. Stefansson ; D. A. Hinds ; T. Spector ; L. A. Cupples ; C. Ohlsson ; C. M. Greenwood ; R. D. Jackson ; D. W. Rowe ; C. A. Loomis ; D. M. Evans ; C. L. Ackert-Bicknell ; A. L. Joyner ; E. L. Duncan ; D. P. Kiel ; F. Rivadeneira ; J. B. Richards
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Published 2015Staff ViewPublication Date: 2015-09-15Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Animals ; Bone Density/*genetics ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Europe/ethnology ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Fractures, Bone/*genetics ; Gene Frequency/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics ; Genotype ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Wnt Proteins/geneticsPublished by: -
2Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressU. Styrkarsdottir ; G. Thorleifsson ; P. Sulem ; D. F. Gudbjartsson ; A. Sigurdsson ; A. Jonasdottir ; A. Oddsson ; A. Helgason ; O. T. Magnusson ; G. B. Walters ; M. L. Frigge ; H. T. Helgadottir ; H. Johannsdottir ; K. Bergsteinsdottir ; M. H. Ogmundsdottir ; J. R. Center ; T. V. Nguyen ; J. A. Eisman ; C. Christiansen ; E. Steingrimsson ; J. G. Jonasson ; L. Tryggvadottir ; G. I. Eyjolfsson ; A. Theodors ; T. Jonsson ; T. Ingvarsson ; I. Olafsson ; T. Rafnar ; A. Kong ; G. Sigurdsson ; G. Masson ; U. Thorsteinsdottir ; K. Stefansson
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Published 2013Staff ViewPublication Date: 2013-05-07Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Animals ; Australia ; Biliary Tract Neoplasms/*genetics ; Bone Density/*genetics ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*genetics ; Codon, Nonsense/*genetics ; Denmark ; Down-Regulation/genetics ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Iceland ; Male ; Menarche/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Osteoporotic Fractures/*genetics ; Phenotype ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry/deficiency/*genetics/metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms/*genetics ; Testosterone/analysis ; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance/*geneticsPublished by: -
3Articles: DFG German National LicensesEisman, J. A. ; Martin, T. J. ; Pilczyk, R. ; Legge, D. G. ; Sutcliffe, H. S.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1974Staff ViewISSN: 1440-1681Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: SUMMARY 1. Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and diphosphonates inhibit glucagon-stimulated and fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity of rat liver.2. Concentrations of diphosphonates required to produce inhibition are lower than those of PPi, and PPi inhibited fluoride-stimulated activity to a greater extent than glucagon-stimulated activity.3. Diphosphonates have inhibitory activity in the presence and absence of an ATP regenerating system in the adenylate cyclase assay, and do not substantially affect the efficiency of the ATP regenerating system. No evidence was obtained that reversal of adenylate cyclase was responsible for PPi inhibition.4. Fluoride virtually completely inhibits pyrophosphatase activity in crude membrane preparations from rat liver, whereas glucagon has no detectable effect.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
4Articles: DFG German National LicensesJones, G. ; White, C. ; Nguyen, T. ; Sambrook, P. N. ; Kelly, P. J. ; Eisman, J. A.
Springer
Published 1996Staff ViewISSN: 1433-2965Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Vertebral ; FracturesSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract The aims of this study were to ascertain vertebral deformity prevalence in elderly men and women and to describe the association between bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, severity of spinal degenerative disease and vertebral deformity prevalence. We performed standardized spinal radiographs in a random sample of 300 elderly men and women participating in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study, a population-based study of fracture risk factors. Radiographs were read independently by masked observers for the prevalence of vertebral deformity and severity of osteophytosis. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The prevalence of vertebral deformities was critically dependent on the criterion used. The less strict criteria seemed to overestimate deformities at either end of the spine region analysed. However, irrespective of the criterion used, prevalence of deformity was higher in men than in women (25% vs 20% for the 3 SD criterion, 17% vs 12% for the 4 SD criterion and 27% vs 25% for the 25% criterion). Femoral neck BMD was more strongly associated with vertebral deformities than spinal BMD for the 25% criterion (OR/SD change in BMD 1.39 (p=0.02) vs 1.20 (p=0.19)), 3 SD criterion (OR/SD change in BMD 1.45 (p=0.01) vs 1.10 (p=0.34)) and 4 SD criterion (OR/SD change in BMD 1.98 (p=0.0002) vs 1.68 (p=0.008)). BMD was also more strongly associated with biconcave deformities than either wedge or crush deformities and more so in men than in women. Severity of spinal osteophytosis was not associated with vertebral deformity. In conclusion, femoral neck BMD is at least equivalent to the lumbar spine BMD in strength of association with prevalent vertebral fractures. Spinal osteophytosis falsely elevates BMD without a concomitant decrease in fracture risk, indicating that any interpretation of spinal BMD needs to be adjusted for osteophytosis. These findings support the use of femoral neck bone densitometry in older men and women. Moreover, these data indicate that current criteria for radiological assessment of vertebral deformity are sufficiently loose to include a substantial proportion of non-fractures in the elderly, with important implications for the design of clinical trials. However, irrespective of the criterion used, vertebral deformities in men are at least as common, if not more so, than in women, suggesting that vertebral osteoporotic fractures are overlooked in men.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
5Articles: DFG German National LicensesHoward, G. M. ; Nguyen, T. V. ; Pocock, N. A. ; Kelly, P. J. ; Eisman, J. A.
Springer
Published 1997Staff ViewISSN: 1433-2965Keywords: Handedness ; Osteoporosis ; Physical activity ; Study design ; UltrasoundSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract Calcaneal ultrasound has been increasingly studied for its potential in the assessment of osteoporotic fracture risk. The accuracy of such an assessment is, in part, dependent on the reproducibility of the measurement. This study examines the impact of handedness on ultrasound measurements [broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and velocity of sound (VOS)] in the calcaneus. Two hundred and sixty-four subjects (57 men and 297 women) aged 51.1+13.6 years (mean ± SD) were studied. For each subject, calcaneal ultrasound measurements were performed on both heels with a McCue CUBA ultrasound densitometer. Right-handed dominance (94.7%) was determined by structured interview. In men, BUA measurements were significantly higher on the dominant side: mean difference 4.1±1.5 dB/MHz (mean ± SD;p=0.009), equivalent to 4.2+1.5% and more than 4 times the average rate of annual change in BUA. The difference between sides was greater in young (〈50 years) than old men (〉50 years). Among the women, the difference was not statistically significant (0.7±0.9 dB/MHz;p=0.4); however, it was significant in younger women (20–30 years) (99±4 vs 90±4 dB/MHz,p=0.01). By contrast VOS did not differ between sides in either men or women irrespective of age. Within-subject standard deviation of BUA was 9.8 dB/MHz for men and 8.6 dB/ MHz for women and the component due to right and left difference was 8.4 dB/MHz for men and 6.9 dB/MHz for women. This variability of BUA between right and left heels could increase the false-positive rate by up to 28% for a cut-off of 2 SD below the mean. These data indicate that variation between left and right heel measurements of BUA is higher than that of random error measurements, particularly in men and younger, presumably more physically active subjects. Although VOS measurements were not side dependent, in the smaller number of studies examining VOS and fracture risk, VOS appears to have a weaker predictive power than BUA. Clinical and epidemiological studies involving calcaneal BUA measurements should standardize the side measured to either the dominant or non-dominant heel, to reduce within-subject variation and increase their power.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
6Articles: DFG German National LicensesJones, G. ; Nguyen, T. ; Sambrook, P. N. ; Kelly, P. J. ; Gilbert, C. ; Eisman, J. A.
Springer
Published 1994Staff ViewISSN: 1433-2965Keywords: Elderly ; Epidemiology ; Fracture ; Incidence ; OsteoporosisSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract This longitudinal population-based study documents the incidence of all symptomatic fractures from 1989 to 1992 in an elderly, predominantly Caucasian population of males and females (⩾60 years as at 1 January 1989) living in the geographically isolated region of the city of Dubbo, NSW, Australia. Fractures were ascertained by reviewing reports from all radiology services in the region. There were 306 fractures in 271 patients during the study period representing 11 401 person-years of observation. In the 60–80 year age group only 10% of fractures involved the hip, while in the over-80 age group this proportion rose to 41%. Incidence of distal forearm, hip and total fractures increased exponentially in both sexes with increasing age. Rib fractures were relatively common, with incidence rates for rib fractures similar to those for humeral fractures. Overall fracture incidence was 2685 per 100000 person-years (males 1940 per 100000 and females 3250 per 100000). Residual lifetime fracture risk in a person aged 60 years with average life expectancy was 29% for males and 56% for females. Symptomatic fracture rates with the improved methodology in this study were higher than previously reported in both elderly males and females, with a marked preponderance of non-hip fractures in the 60–80 year age group. These symptomatic fractures have previously been underestimated, if not largely ignored, in public health approaches including cost—benefit analyses of osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Total fracture risk during later life is substantial, with fractures other than hip fractures constituting the majority of morbid fracture events, especially in the 60–80 year age group.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
7Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1433-2965Keywords: Peak bone density ; Bone density genotype ; Dietary calcium intakeSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract Risk of osteoporotic fracture in later life relates to both age and menopause-related bone loss but also to peak bone density achieved in early adulthood. Several studies have shown that genetic influences make a major contribution to variance in adult bone density, but environmental factors such as dietary calcium and physical activity also contribute a large proportion of observed variance in bone density. Previous hypotheses have suggested that the effect of certain environmental factors, such as hormonal and dietary influences, may be permissive to development of peak bone mass. Consideration of the evidence for the interaction between environmental influences, such as physical activity and nutrition, and genotype leads us to propose that environmental factors interact to allow or prevent full expression of bone density genotype. This expansion of the ‘threshold’ hypothesis can include the effects of sex, physical activity and dietary calcium in a model that allows more systematic study of the determinants of peak bone density and thereby more rational intervention to augment bone density in early adulthood.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
8Articles: DFG German National LicensesRandell, A. G. ; Nguyen, T. V. ; Bhalerao, N. ; Silverman, S. L. ; Sambrook, P. N. ; Eisman, J. A.
Springer
Published 2000Staff ViewISSN: 1433-2965Keywords: Key words:Hip fracture – Morbidity – Osteoporosis – Quality of lifeSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract: To examine longitudinal change in health- related quality of life (HRQoL) following hip fracture in elderly subjects, 32 patients with hip fractures and 29 sex-matched non-fracture control subjects (mean ± SD age 82 ± 8 and 86 ± 6 years respectively) were enrolled in a prospective, case–control study. Fracture subjects completed a generic questionnaire, Short Form 36 (SF-36), and a disease-targeted measure, the revised Osteoporosis Assessment Questionnaire (OPAQ2), on two separate occasions, within 1 week of fracture and 12–15 weeks after fracture. Controls completed both questionnaires on two occasions 12 weeks apart. SF-36 scores were significantly correlated with OPAQ2 in comparable domains of Physical Function (r= 0.76), General Health (r= 0.70) and Mental Health/Tension (r = 0.86). Control subjects had stable scores with the OPAQ2 and SF-36. At 3 months after fracture there was a significant reduction in HRQoL in the SF-36 domains Physical Function (–51%), Vitality (–24%) and Social Function (–26%) and in the OPAQ2 domains Physical Function (–20%), Social Activity (–49%) and General Health (–24%). Hip fracture patients thus had a lower baseline HRQoL and experienced a significant deterioration in HRQoL after hip fracture on both the SF-36 and OPAQ2. HRQoL should be part of a comprehensive assessment of the costs of osteoporosis including fracture-associated morbidity.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
9Articles: DFG German National LicensesSambrook, P. N. ; Kelly, P. J. ; Fontana, D. ; Nguyen, T. ; Keogh, A. ; Macdonald, P. ; Spratt, P. ; Freund, J. ; Eisman, J. A.
Springer
Published 1994Staff ViewISSN: 1433-2965Keywords: Corticosteroids ; Cyclosporine ; Hydroxyproline ; Osteocalcin ; Testosterone ; TransplantationSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract Rapid bone loss after orthoptic cardiac transplantation (OHTX) is a major problem; however, the mechanisms are poorly understood. To investigate these mechanisms we measured biochemical and hormonal indices of bone turnover serially in 25 patients (21 men, 4 women) after OHTX. Serum osteocalcin was reduced immediately post-OHTX (2.2±0.5 ng/ml) but rose significantly by 6 and 12 months (14.1±2.5 and 15.7±2.2 respectively). Bone resorption indices (urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine and calcium/creatinine ratios) were increased immediately post-OHTX but fell by 6 months. Serum testosterone was reduced in males but recovered towards normal values by 6–12 months. Regression analysis showed lumbar bone loss was predicted independently by the change in both serum osteocalcin and testosterone. The data suggest that bone loss post-OHTX is due to a combination of accelerated turnover and hypogonadism.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
10Articles: DFG German National LicensesRandell, A. ; Sambrook, P. N. ; Nguyen, T. V. ; Lapsley, H. ; Jones, G. ; Kelly, P. J. ; Eisman, J. A.
Springer
Published 1995Staff ViewISSN: 1433-2965Keywords: Direct costs ; Epidemiology ; Fractures ; Health economics ; OsteoporosisSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract Osteoporosis is an increasing health care problem in all aging populations, but overall direct costs associated with the total fracture burden of osteoporosis remain uncertain. We have examined direct costs associated with 151 osteoporotic fractures occurring between 1989 and 1992 in a large cohort of elderly men and women followed prospectively as part of the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study. The median cost of hospital treated fractures was $A10 511 per fracture and for fractures treated on an outpatient basis $A455 in 1992 Australian dollars. Femoral neck fractures were the most expensive fractures ($15984 median cost). There was no significant difference in costs between men and women for either hospital- or outpatient-treated fractures. Rehabilitation hospital costs comprised the largest proportion of costs (49%) for hospital-treated fractures. Community services comprised the major cost (40%) of outpatient-treated fractures. Univariate predictors of costs were quadriceps strength and bone density, although multivariate analysis showed quadriceps strength to be the best overall predictor of costs. The predicted annual treatment costs in Australia for atraumatic fractures occurring in subjects ⩾60 years was $A779 million or approximately $A44 million per million of population per annum. Estimated total osteoporotic fracture-related costs for the Australian population were much higher than previously reported. The majority of direct costs (95%) were incurred by hospitalized patients and related to hospital and rehabilitation costs. Extrapolation of these data suggests that the direct costs for hip fracture alone will increase approximately twofold in most Western countries by 2025. Improving the cost-effectiveness of treating osteoporotic fractures should involve reduced hospitalization and/or greater efficiency in community rehabilitation services. The costs of various approaches to osteoporosis prevention must be placed into the context of these direct costs and prevention should target men as well as women.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
11Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1420-908XKeywords: Key words: Vitamin D — Vitamin D receptor — Vitamin D analogues — Gene transcriptionSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract. The vitamin D system is unique in that distinct calcium homeostatic functions and cell growth regulatory activities are mediated through a single ligand, calcitriol, acting through a specific receptor exhibiting ubiquitous tissue expression, the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The VDR is a member of a superfamily of nuclear steroid hormone receptors which regulate gene transcription by interacting with response elements in gene promoters. Structure-function analysis of the VDR protein has defined distinct domains involved in DNA binding, ligand binding, receptor dimerisation and gene transactivation, including a C-terminal activation function domain (AF-2) that is important for cofactor interaction. A model for regulation of gene transcription by the VDR is evolving and proposes VDR interaction with various components of the basal transcriptional machinery, including newly defined coactivators and corepressors, which may act to regulate gene transcription by altering histone acetylation and chromatin structure. This review describes the vitamin D endocrine system and the role of the VDR in regulating this system, including the molecular basis for the diverse actions of synthetic calcitriol analogues in the treatment of autoimmune disease and cancer.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
12Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1420-908XSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
13Articles: DFG German National LicensesWhite, C. P. ; Morrison, N. A. ; Gardiner, E. M. ; Eisman, J. A.
New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
Published 1994Staff ViewISSN: 0730-2312Keywords: vitamin D calcitriol ; bone ; genetics ; steroid hormone receptor ; vitamin D receptor ; retinoic acid receptor ; calcium ; homeostasis ; calcitonin ; parathyroid hormone ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental BiologySource: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNotes: The vitamin D endocrine system is central to the control of bone and calcium homeostasis. The active hormonal aform of vitamin D, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol), the circulating level of which is tightly regulated, acts through a specific receptor to mediate its genomic actions on almost every aspect of calcium homeostasis. Because of its transactivation function, it possible that a small difference in vitamin D receptor level could be amplified into a biologically significant alteration in physiological setpoint. The recent finding that polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene are predictive of bone density (morrison et al., Nature 367:284-287, 1994) is the first example of an allelic effect in such a homeostatically controlled system. This raises the possibility that such central operators may exist in other regulatory pathways, and could expllain a large part of the observed “ormal” population distribution that exists for all physiological paraameters.Additional Material: 2 Ill.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: