Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:Heyer)

Heyer, Peter; Preuss-Lausitz, Ulf; Zielke, Gitta

Unknown

211 S.

3779908166

Veröffentlichungen der Max-Traeger-Stiftung Bd. 13

Heyer, Peter; Sach, Lothar; Preuss-Lausitz, Ulf

Unknown

336 S.

3930024845

Beiträge zur Reform der Grundschule Bd. 115

Heyer, Peter; Valtin, Renate

Unknown

190 S.

Beiträge zur Reform der Grundschule Bd. 82

Heyer, Peter

Unknown

211 S.

Beiträge zur Reform der Grundschule Bd. 88/89

2018-07-27

News media, journalism, publishing ; Publizistische Medien, Journalismus,Verlagswesen ; Rundfunk, Telekommunikation ; Broadcasting, Telecommunication ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; historische Entwicklung ; öffentlich-rechtliche Einrichtung ; Rundfunk ; Nachkriegszeit ; Nachkriegsgesellschaft ; Zivilgesellschaft ; Medienpolitik ; Rundfunkanstalt ; Demokratie ; Demokratisierung ; Massenmedien ; Medienrecht ; Pressefreiheit ; Meinungsbildung ; Federal Republic of Germany ; historical development ; public institution ; broadcasting ; post-war period ; post-war society ; civil society ; media policy ; broadcaster ; democracy ; democratization ; mass media ; media law ; freedom of the press ; opinion formation ; 10800

Arbeitspapier, working paper

2022-08-12

Die städtische Verkehrsplanung und Verkehrspolitik wird häufig anhand von Städtevergleichen des Verkehrsverhaltens ihrer Einwohner bewertet. Eine Städtetypologie kann dazu beitragen, diese Unterschiede zutreffend zu interpretieren. Dazu werden in diesem Beitrag für 44 deutsche Städte 27 Indi- katoren der sozioökonomischen und räumlichen Strukturen, des Verkehrsverhaltensund der Bewertung der Verkehrssitua- tion genutzt. Aus einer Faktoren- und Clusteranalyse werden mehrere Städteclusterabgeleitet.Als latente Variablen erwei- sen sich die Faktoren metropolitane Prägung, Fahrradklima, Wohlstand, studentische Prägung und die Orientierung am Privat-Pkw. Die anschließende Clusteranalyse führt zu fünf Typen. In dieser Typologie gehören die meisten Städte, die in Deutschland als gute Beispiele kommunaler Verkehrspolitik gelten, zum Cluster der Metropolen oder zum Cluster der Universitätsstädte mit positivem Fahrradklima.

Comparisons of cities are frequently used to evaluate urban transportation planning and policies. A typology of cities can contribute to adequately interpret the identified differences between cities. For this purpose, this paper collects 27 indicators of socio-economic characteristics, spatial structures, travel behaviour and the evaluation of local transport situation for 44 major German cities. We generate clusters of cities based on a factor and cluster analysis. The factor analysis identifies five latent variables called metropolitan character, bicycle-friendliness, affluence, influence of students, and private car orientation. The subsequent cluster analysis identifies five clusters. According to this typology, most cities that are considered good practices of urban transport policy in Germany belong either to the cluster of metropolitan cities or university cities with a cycling-friendly environment.

Städtebau, Raumplanung, Landschaftsgestaltung ; Landscaping and area planning ; Mobilitätskultur; Städtetypologie ; Raumplanung und Regionalforschung ; Area Development Planning, Regional Research ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Großstadt ; Verkehrsaufkommen ; Verkehrsverhalten ; Verkehrsmittelwahl ; regionale Mobilität ; Faktorenanalyse ; Cluster-Analyse ; Planung ; Verkehr ; Verkehrspolitik ; Federal Republic of Germany ; large city ; traffic volume ; traffic behavior ; choice of means of transport ; regional mobility ; factor analysis ; cluster analysis ; planning ; traffic ; transportation policy

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2022-04-13

Durch die Maßnahmen zur Einschränkung der Corona-Pandemie veränderte sich die Lebenswelt junger Menschen massiv. Jugendliche standen vor der Herausforderung, ihren Lebensalltag neu zu organisieren - und dies unter Bedingungen, welche insbesondere die Nutzung von öffentlichen Räumen stark reglementierten. Dadurch fiel für junge Menschen ein wesentlicher Teil der Interaktion in sozialen Räumen weg. Im Beitrag werden Ergebnisse der Jugendbefragungen JuCo I und JuCo II im Hinblick auf das Raumerleben Jugendlicher in der Pandemie präsentiert. Am Beispiel der Kontexte Schule und Freizeit zeigt sich, dass das Erleben von Räumen mit dem Vorhandensein individuell unterschiedlicher Ressourcen zusammenhing. Konsequenzen für die Gestaltung und Zugänglichkeit öffentlicher Räume während und nach der Pandemie werden mit Bezug auf jugendtheoretische Überlegungen diskutiert.

The political restrictions which have been imposed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic strongly affected young people's lives. A profound reorganisation of their everyday lives was needed, while social interaction with peers in public spaces became heavily regulated. An essential part of interaction in social spaces was gone. The article presents results of the German youth surveys JuCo I and JuCo II focusing on young people's experience of the social space during the pandemic. Looking at the exemplary contexts of school and leisure time, we show that the opportunity to experience various spaces was related to the individual availability of resources. Implications of these findings are discussed regarding the organisation and accessibility of public spaces during and after the pandemic, connecting them to youth theory of social space.

Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Sociology & anthropology ; Aneignung, Corona-Pandemie; private space; appropriation; COVID-19 pandemic ; Jugendsoziologie, Soziologie der Kindheit ; Sociology of the Youth, Sociology of Childhood ; öffentlicher Raum ; sozialer Raum ; Privatsphäre ; Jugendlicher ; Lebenswelt ; Interaktion ; soziale Ungleichheit ; public space ; social space ; privacy ; adolescent ; lebenswelt ; interaction ; social inequality

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2021-03-03

Im Vorfeld der EU-Ratspräsidentschaft Deutschland im zweiten Halbjahr 2020 hat das Leibniz-Institut für Medienforschung | Hans-Bredow-Institut (HBI) mehrere Gutachten und Untersuchungsberichte erarbeitet, die als Diskussionsgrundlage für die EU-Medienkonferenz im Juli 2020 und die nachfolgenden Focus Sessions dienten. Ziel der HBI-Untersuchungen war dabei die Identifikation von Möglichkeiten der mittel- und langfristigen Verbesserung der Kohärenz der europäischen Informations- und Kommunikationsordnung. Die derzeitige Informations- und Medienordnung ist ein rechtliches Mehr-Ebenen-System, das aus Normen der EU, des Bundes und der Länder besteht. Hinzu treten völkerrechtliche Vorgaben, aber auch Normen der Selbstregulierung. Die derzeitige Regulierung in diesem Bereich, die teils jahrzehntealten Pfadabhängigkeiten folgt, ist angesichts struktureller Transformationen öffentlicher und individueller Information und Kommunikation immer wieder Gegenstand grundsätzlicher Debatten über ihre Kohärenz, Kongruenz, Zeitgemäßheit und Zukunftsfähigkeit. Mit dem vorliegenden Gutachten soll eine systematische materiell-rechtliche Kartographierung der derzeit bestehenden Regelungen auf europäischer Ebene erfolgen, die den für die derzeitige EU-Medienordnung relevanten Sekundärrechtskorpus aus Sicht audiovisueller Angebote überblicksartig beschreibt, die einzelnen Rechtsakte aus einer komparativen Governance-Perspektive analysiert und so Abhängigkeiten, Überlappungen, strukturelle Unterschiede und mögliche Widersprüche aufzeigt. Dazu gehören mögliche Durchwirkungs- und Spill-Over-Effekte von Rechtsakten aus anderen Bereichen, deren Regelungen sich (auch) im Medienbereich bemerkbar machen und so faktischen Einfluss auf die Medienordnung haben.

Publizistische Medien, Journalismus,Verlagswesen ; Politikwissenschaft ; News media, journalism, publishing ; Political science ; Medienordnung ; Medienpolitik, Informationspolitik, Medienrecht ; Europapolitik ; Media Politics, Information Politics, Media Law ; European Politics ; Medienrecht ; Medienpolitik ; EU ; rechtliche Faktoren ; Kommunikationspolitik ; Rahmenbedingung ; Regulierung ; media law ; media policy ; legal factors ; communication policy ; general conditions ; regulation

Arbeitspapier, working paper

2021-03-03

Im Vorfeld der EU-Ratspräsidentschaft Deutschland im zweiten Halbjahr 2020 hat das Leibniz-Institut für Medienforschung | Hans-Bredow-Institut (HBI) mehrere Gutachten und Untersuchungsberichte erarbeitet, die als Diskussionsgrundlage für die EU-Medienkonferenz im Juli 2020 und die nachfolgenden Focus Sessions dienten. Ziel der HBI-Untersuchungen war dabei die Identifikation von Möglichkeiten der mittel- und langfristigen Verbesserung der Kohärenz der europäischen Informations- und Kommunikationsordnung. Die derzeitige Informations- und Medienordnung ist ein rechtliches Mehr-Ebenen-System, das aus Normen der EU, des Bundes und der Länder besteht. Hinzu treten völkerrechtliche Vorgaben, aber auch Normen der Selbstregulierung. Die derzeitige Regulierung in diesem Bereich, die teils jahrzehntealten Pfadabhängigkeiten folgt, ist angesichts struktureller Transformationen öffentlicher und individueller Information und Kommunikation immer wieder Gegenstand grundsätzlicher Debatten über ihre Kohärenz, Kongruenz, Zeitgemäßheit und Zukunftsfähigkeit. Mit dem vorliegenden Gutachten soll eine systematische materiell-rechtliche Kartographierung der derzeit bestehenden Regelungen auf europäischer Ebene erfolgen, die den für die derzeitige EU-Medienordnung relevanten Sekundärrechtskorpus aus Sicht audiovisueller Angebote überblicksartig beschreibt, die einzelnen Rechtsakte aus einer komparativen Governance-Perspektive analysiert und so Abhängigkeiten, Überlappungen, strukturelle Unterschiede und mögliche Widersprüche aufzeigt. Dazu gehören mögliche Durchwirkungs- und Spill-Over-Effekte von Rechtsakten aus anderen Bereichen, deren Regelungen sich (auch) im Medienbereich bemerkbar machen und so faktischen Einfluss auf die Medienordnung haben.

Publizistische Medien, Journalismus,Verlagswesen ; Politikwissenschaft ; News media, journalism, publishing ; Political science ; Medienordnung ; Medienpolitik, Informationspolitik, Medienrecht ; Europapolitik ; Media Politics, Information Politics, Media Law ; European Politics ; Medienrecht ; Medienpolitik ; EU ; rechtliche Faktoren ; Kommunikationspolitik ; Rahmenbedingung ; Regulierung ; media law ; media policy ; legal factors ; communication policy ; general conditions ; regulation

Arbeitspapier, working paper

2020-08-10

"Der Beitrag gibt einen ergebnisorientierten Überblick über den Stand der Evaluation der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Deutschland. Die Befunde weisen darauf hin, dass keine der bisherigen Instrumentengruppen überflüssig ist. Die meisten Maßnahmen können die Beschäftigungschancen zumindest bestimmter Personengruppen verbessern. Verbesserungspotenzial besteht vor allem bei der Zielgenauigkeit der Teilnehmerauswahl. Im Einzelnen lässt sich festhalten: An Dritte überwiesene Personen waren später kaum häufiger beschäftigt als jene, die durch die Arbeitsagentur betreut wurden. Bestimmte Gruppen von Arbeitslosen konnten aber von der Überweisung profitieren. Etwas besser sind die Ergebnisse beim Vermittlungsgutschein. Eingliederungszuschüsse, betriebliche Trainingsmaßnahmen und die Gründungsförderung haben besonders positive Effekte auf die Beschäftigungschancen der Geförderten. Grundsätzlich besteht allerdings bei allen Maßnahmen, die mit einer Beschäftigungsaufnahme einhergehen, ein Risiko von Mitnahme-, Substitutionsund Verdrängungseffekten. Berufliche Weiterbildung und nicht-betriebliche Trainingsmaßnahmen erhöhen ebenfalls die Chancen auf eine reguläre Beschäftigung, allerdings häufig erst mit Zeitverzögerung. Beschäftigungsmaßnahmen verbessern die Integrationschancen bei arbeitsmarktfernen Gruppen. Für Personen, die dem Arbeitsmarkt näher stehen, können sie schädlich sein. Bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen tragen sie nicht zum Ziel einer Integration in den Arbeits- und Ausbildungsmarkt bei."[Autorenreferat]

"This article provides a result-oriented view on the current status of German active labor market policy evaluation. The literature shows that nearly all groups of instruments positively affect the labor market prospects of at least particular groups of participants. However, regarding the selection of program participants there is considerable room for improvement. Generally, assignment to private providers of placement services does not appear to be more effective than placement activities by the Federal Employment Agency. Only specific groups of unemployed benefit from such an assignment. Evaluation results are slightly more optimistic on placement vouchers. In contrast, wage subsidies, training within firms, and start-up subsidies improve the subsequent employment prospects of participants substantially. But for these latter instruments there is a substantial risk of deadweight loss, substitution and crowding-out effects. After an initial locking-in effect, vocational training and classroom training raise the employment rates of participants. According to the evaluation literature direct job creation schemes may improve the labor market prospects of hard-to-place individuals, but they can be quite harmful for the employment prospects other groups of unemployed."[author´s abstract]

Wirtschaft ; Economics ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Labor Market Policy ; Beschäftigungsförderung ; Reform ; berufliche Integration ; Berufsaussicht ; Arbeitsvermittlung ; Aktivierung ; berufliche Weiterbildung ; Arbeitsbeschaffungsmaßnahme ; Arbeitsgelegenheit ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; labor market policy ; employment promotion ; reform ; occupational integration ; career prospect ; employment service ; activation ; advanced vocational education ; job creation measure ; employment opportunity ; Federal Republic of Germany ; empirisch ; empirisch-quantitativ ; empirical ; quantitative empirical

Arbeitspapier, working paper

2025-01-31

Search and harvesting use cases on harmonised metadata play an important role in several activities on National Research Data Infrastructures (NFDI). The working group Search and Harvesting of the NFDI section (meta)data, terminologies and provenance works on a common understanding of user needs (for search) and service requirements (for harvesting), analysis of the data sources landscape, and recommendations concerning common and specific needs, e.g., for spatial or sensitive data. Here, we present search and harvesting gaps and challenges across NFDI consortia and beyond, which were identified and structured in the Search and Harvesting Working Group, and the recommendations for the NFDI we derive from them. Our goal is to foster a common vision for search and harvesting in the NFDI.

Publizistische Medien, Journalismus,Verlagswesen ; News media, journalism, publishing ; Data Search; FAIR; Harvesting; Metadata; NFDI ; Information und Dokumentation, Bibliotheken, Archive ; Information and Documentation, Libraries, Archives ; information retrieval ; Datengewinnung ; Datenqualität ; Datenbank ; Benutzerschnittstelle ; data capture ; data quality ; data bank ; user interface

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

1550-7408

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Electronic Resource

1550-7408

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Electronic Resource

1365-2133

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

While histamine is the crucial mediator of pruritus in type 1 allergic reactions, its role in atopic dermatitis (AD) is unclear. In this study, the role of mast cell mediators in protein extravasation and pruritus was evaluated using intradermal microdialysis. The microdialysis capillaries were used to apply the mast cell degranulating substance compound 48/80 (C48/80; 0·05%) or histamine (0·01%) and also to deliver H1-blockers (cetirizine, 200 μg mL−1) in nine AD patients and nine controls. Large pore size membranes (3000 kDa) enabled simultaneous analysis of protein extravasation. Itch sensation was measured psychophysically and weal and flare reaction were evaluated planimetrically. Protein extravasation induced by histamine and C48/80 was significantly reduced in AD patients. Blockade of H1-receptors by cetirizine significantly reduced C48/80-induced protein extravasation in AD patients and controls to an identical level. C48/80-induced pruritus was abolished by cetirizine in controls, whereas pruritus in AD patients was unchanged after H1 blockade. We conclude that mast cell mediators others than histamine are involved in C48/80-induced pruritus in AD patients. Whether the reduced capacity of AD patients to induce protein extravasation is of pathophysiological relevance for pruritus remains to be established.

Electronic Resource

1600-0625

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Abstract: Atopic eczema (AE) is a chronically pruritic inflammatory skin disease. Although the mediators and exact mechanisms eliciting and sustaining pruritus are not completely known, AE patients in clinical trials have been shown to benefit under treatment with morphine antagonists. Naltrexone (NAL) is a relatively pure morphine antagonist that blocks the effects of opioids twice as much as naloxone. NAL exhibits minimal pharmacological activity and displaces endorphines at mu- and kappa-receptors without its own intrinsic activity. NAL's excellent oral bioavailability and linear increases in the area under plasma concentration-time curve make it ideal for use in experimental studies. We designed our present experiments similar to former experiments evaluating both peripheral cutaneous sensations and central itch procession in order to gain more information about the possible distribution of opioid receptors and their involvement in the pathophysiology of pruritus. Eleven AE patients participated in our double-blind study. Either 25 mg of NAL (Nemexin®) or a placebo (PLA) was given to the participants 60 min prior to the acetylcholine (ACH) injection [intracutaneous (i.c.) injection of 0.02 ml of 0.55 M]. A PLA stimulus with buffered saline served as control on the opposite forearm. We used laser Doppler flowmetry to measure the vasomotoric changes after ACH injection and recorded the duration and intensity of itch with a visual analogue scale (VAS). Following the evaluation of wheal and flare sensation, we obtained the area of itchy skin around the injection site (alloknesis) by gently stroking the surrounding skin with a brush in the centripetal direction towards the injection site. The results were planimetrically evaluated. Oral NAL reduced the perifocal itch significantly (P 〈 0.009). In four of our observations the area of alloknesis completely disappeared. Itch duration was reduced by 20 s and the intensity of itch was diminished, yet not significantly. NAL had no significant effects on cholinergic vasoreactions measured by the laser Doppler (P 〉 0.50) and especially failed to decrease the initial flux response, which is a typical sign of an altered vascular reaction (P 〉 0.25). The decrease of wheal (P = 0.008) and flare (P = 0.01) extension indicates an appropriate dosage of our treatment for this experiment. The most significant effects of NAL were observed in parameters of itch processing such as alloknesis (P = 0.009) and flare extension (P = 0.01). Therefore we favour the concept that NAL might have a stronger impact on central nervous mechanisms than on peripheral nociceptive structures.

Electronic Resource

1600-0625

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Abstract: Background: Atopic eczema (AE) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with strong itching as the prominent symptom. The pathology of itch is still in discussion, but acetylcholine (ACH) seems to be a relevant pruritogenic mediator in AE. Since efficient benefit on pruritus and excoriations has been demonstrated with tricyclic agents, we investigated how the topical treatment with doxepin (5%, Boehringer Standard, Mannheim, Germany), a tricyclic compound with anticholinergic properties, may influence ACH induced itch and cutaneous sensations (erythema, wheal, axonreflex flare). Methods: Eleven patients with AE were included in this double blind study. For 3 days we applied doxepin cream to a defined area on the volar forearm and basic ointment to the other side 4 times daily. On day 4, ACH and sodium chloride were i.c. injected into the pretreated arms. Vasoreactions and cutaneous sensations were measured similar to studies described in previous publications from our group. Results: Doxepin treatment over 3 days reduced ACH provoked flare size more than 53% (P〈0.005) and wheal size about 48% (P〈0.005) whereas the maximal antipruritic effect was similiar to the basic therapy. The itch intensity, which is expressed as the mean AUC value, was rated at 6.12 arbitrary units after the neutral cream application and 5.9 arbitrary units after doxepin. Conclusions: The clinical and experimental effectiveness of doxepin as an antipruritic drug has been known for years. However, studies focusing on ACH as a pruritogenic mediator have not been performed. The duration of the doxepin application in our study seems to be appropriate since flare and wheal development were diminished. The reason why doxepin did not develop more antipruritic action compared to the vehicle cream may be due to the fact that the doxepin free cream already possessed an antipruritic action in this experimental study design. This is probably caused by rehydrating and moisturizing effects.

Electronic Resource

1365-3040

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

In the present study the cold acclimation potential of two accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated. Significant variation was found for basic tolerance as well as the capacity to acclimate to freezing temperatures. During cold acclimation, levels of soluble sugars increased in both genotypes, but raffinose accumulation discriminated the more tolerant accession Col-0 from C24. Concentrations of other compatible solutes such as proline and glutamine were also higher in cold-acclimated Col-0 than C24 plants. Changes of invertase activity during cold exposure corresponded to changes in sucrose and fructose, but not glucose concentrations and were consistent with an initial chilling response and a later decline in hexose metabolization. When vacuolar invertase was suppressed by siRNA expression, reduced sucrolytic activity resulted in elevated leaf sucrose concentration, whereas the fructose content was strongly reduced. This led to elevated freezing tolerance in the cold-tolerant genotype Col-0, but not in C24. The most pronounced metabolic changes in invertase-inhibited Col-0 plants occurred for proline and glutamine concentrations, indicating indirect metabolic effects of altered sugar concentrations.

Electronic Resource

1600-0625

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Proteinase-activated receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors with seven-transmembrane domains activated by serine proteinases. PAR-2 is a receptor for mast cell tryptase, house dust mite allergens, bacterial antigens and trypsin, for example, indicating a role of PAR-2 during inflammation and immune responses. In the skin, PAR-2 is expressed by keratinocytes, endothelial cells, certain immune cells and nerves, suggesting a broad regulatory role of proteases in the skin. Recently, PAR-2 has been demonstrated to be involved in neurogenic inflammation. Therefore, we examined whether neuronal PAR-2 may be involved in pruritus of human skin. The endogenous PAR-2 agonist tryptase was increased up to fourfold in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. PAR-2 was markedly enhanced on primary afferent nerve fibres in skin biopsies of AD patients. Intracutaneous injection of endogenous PAR-2 agonists provoked enhanced and prolonged itch when applied intralesionally. Interestingly, itch upon mast cell degranulation prevailed despite local antihistamines in AD patients only. Thus, we identified enhanced PAR-2 signalling as a new link between inflammatory and sensory phenomena in AD patients. PAR-2 antagonists, thus, represent a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation and pruritus.

Electronic Resource

1600-0625

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Abstract: Responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were investigated in atopic eczema (AE) patients. To elucidate the involvement of histamine to ACh-provoked vasoreactions and sensations, we applied a selective H1-antagonist (cetirizine) 3 h prior to the ACh-administration. Solutions of acetylcholine (ACh, 0.55 M) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP, 1.5x10−5 M) were injected (10 μl) intracutaneously into the volar forearm of 14 healthy subjects and 14 atopic eczema (AE) patients. The substances were applied as single stimulus as well as in combination. Sensations evoked by the stimulation were recorded using 2 visual analog scales (VAS). Vasoreactions were analyzed with the new technique of computer assisted video image analysis. With this method we measured the dynamics of the flare development and the extension of the final flare size independent of the observer's assessment. In control subjects the development and extension of the observer's assessment. In control subjects the development and extension of the final flare size was almost similar, regardless whether ACh and VIP were applied in combination or separately. Compared to healthy controls, after injection of ACh, VIP and the combination of VIP and ACh smaller flare sizes were recorded in AE patients. After VIP was given, the control subjects reported pruritus, which was significantly augmented compared to AE patients. In contrast, controls reported a burning pain after the injection of ACh, whereas AE patients felt predominantly pruritus. Itch sensation after the combined application of VIP and ACh was significantly elevated in AE patients. Consequently, we assume that mediators of sudomotor neurons, i.e., VIP and ACh meet in AE patients apparently sensitized nociceptive primary afferents and induce exaggerated itch, pain and flare responses. When pretreated with the selective H1-antagonist cetirizine before ACh was injected, pain and erythema due to ACh was diminished in healthy controls. In contrast, cetirizine did not influence the size of erythema and the magnitude of sensation in AE patients. We conclude, that the release of histamine is not involved in ACh-induced erythema and pruritus in AE. These data provide evidence that pruritus can be elicited in atopic eczema by a cholinergic, histamine independent mechanism.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Rockfish (Sebastes miniatus) fillets and salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) steaks were held in atmospheres containing 20% or 40% carbon dioxide, with or without 1% carbon monoxide. Controls were stored similarly in air. At intervals of refrigerated storage up to 14 days, samples were removed for sensory, chemical, and microbiological analyses. At 7 days, all treatment groups were significantly different visually, with appearance of slime on the air controls, but not on samples in the gas treatments. Samples held in air were judged by panelists to have stronger aromas than others held under carbon dioxide at either level. The higher level of carbon dioxide was more effective. Values for thiobarbituric acid were low in all groups; hypoxanthine values varied widely, with no particular effect due to modified atmospheres. Storage under carbon dioxide was effective in reducing the formation of trimethylamine and ammonia, and markedly inhibited microbial growth.

Electronic Resource