Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:G. Jager)

2013-06-15

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Bone and Bones/microbiology ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification ; Denmark ; Endemic Diseases/history ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Bacterial/*genetics ; Great Britain ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Leprosy/epidemiology/history/*microbiology ; Mycobacterium leprae/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Mycolic Acids/chemistry ; Phylogeny ; Sweden ; Tooth/microbiology

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

A batch of frozen concentrated grapefruit juice (GJ) was reconstituted to 10° Brix with water and adjusted with sucrose, citric acid and/or deacidified GJ to produce five experimental samples with Brix:acid ratios from 7–15. Consumers from four large U.S. cities evaluated the samples for flavor, preference and five other quality attributes. Flavor means varied within an acceptable range. Preference was for samples in the 8.4 to 11.1 ratio range. Nonusers preferred 11.1 ratio juice and rated the three lowest ratio juices lower than users. As ratio increased, consumer perception of sweetness increased and decreased for tartness, bitterness, and aroma. All samples were judged somewhat too tart and bitter (except at 15 ratio) and not quite sweet enough.

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1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

A batch of Florida frozen concentrated grapefruit juice (GJ) was reconstituted with limonin addition to produce 5 juices containing from 2.3 (control) to 11.0 ppm limonin, 10° Brix, and 8.5 Brix: percent acid. Consumers from 4 large U.S. cities evaluated the juices for flavor and 5 additional quality attributes, and juice preference. Flavor means varied within an acceptable range and were affected negatively by limonin concentration. GJ users rated products significantly higher than did nonusers. Preference by users and nonusers was least for the highest limonin content juice. Bitterness and tartness perception increased with increasing limonin content whereas sweetness perception decreased. All samples were judged somewhat too bitter and tart, and not quite sweet enough.

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1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Six commercial Florida-packed frozen concentrated orange juice samples drawn from the U.S. retail market on a monthly basis for 1 yr were evaluated for sensory attributes, color (by colorimeter), Brix, acid, and bottom pulp. Consumers rated flavor “like moderately” on a 9-point hedonic scale for every sample. The degree of sweetness and tartness of samples was “just right;” bitterness was somewhat excessive and color was somewhat too light (P 〈 0.05). Generally, as the °Brix to % acid ratio increased, the flavor improved, and the closer to “just right” was the degree of sweetness, tartness, and bitterness. A significant amount of bitterness was perceived as tartness or lack of sweetness (P 〈 0.01). Plant-to-plant variation was found in ratings of flavor and colorimeter color and °Brix to % acid ratios.

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1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Six samples of each of 5 types of Florida-processed grapefruit juice obtained from the U.S. retail market during 1983 were evaluated for overall flavor and other quality attributes by 108-member consumer sensory panels. Grapefruit juice consumers found overall flavor acceptable and color about right, aroma and sweetness lacking (P 〈 0.01) and tartness and bitterness excessive (P 〈 0.01). Juices were measured for content of furfural, naringin, limonin, Brix and acid with Brix:acid ratio being calculated. Most factors varied according to type of product. Many correlation coefficients, although mostly low, were found significant between factors (P 〈 0.05). Panelists perceived bitterness to a measurable extent as tartness or lack of sweetness and did not clearly differentiate between these two sensory attributes.

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1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Observations were made on August 16, 1969, with the 250-foot radio telescope which had a primary halfpower beamwidth for this experiment of 13' 18' arc. It has a further response in a beam 30' arc in radius which contains about 30 per cent of the power. The new 256 channel digital autocorrelation ...

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1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] A measurement of the absorption due to natural hydrogen in the radio signals from CP 0328 has made possible an estimate of distance. The object seems to be unexpectedly far ...

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1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Scarcely anything is known about the total quan tity of the substances given off by the roots, especially concerning their carbon and nitrogen amount and their C/'N ratio in a soil with a natural absorption capacity in which the rhizosphere is somewhat limited in space. In general, the extent of ...

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1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] FOLLOWING the detection of anomalously excited OH A emission at 1,665 and 1,667 Mc/s from the vicinity of several thermal radio sources by Weaver, Williams, Dieter and Lum1, Weinreb, Meeks, Carter, Barrett and Rogers2 reported observations of linear polarization in the 1,665-Mc/s spectrum of the OH ...

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1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] A versatile digital autocorrelation spectrometer designed and built at Jodrell Bank is described, together with some examples of observations made with the new ...

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1432-0509

Emphysema, subcutaneous ; Perforation, intestinal ; Muscle psoas

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The psoas muscle is a potential pathway of disease from the mediastinum to the leg. We describe a case of subcutaneous emphysema of the lower extremity due to a perforated esophageal carcinoma in a 58-year-old man.

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1432-1084

Key words: Amyloidosis ; Seminal vesicles ; MRI ; Prostate cancer

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract. Amyloid deposits within the seminal vesicles are a common finding at autopsy. The incidence increases with age. Amyloid deposits can mimic tumor extension into the seminal vesicles due to prostate or bladder cancer on T2-weighted MR images. We describe a case of seminal vesicle amyloidosis demonstrating the MR appearance and the characteristic pathologic findings. Recognizing seminal vesicle amyloidosis may prevent overstaging prostate cancer on MR images.

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1432-1084

Prostate ; Prostate neoplasm ; Prostate cancer staging ; Staging controversies

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Staging prostate cancer is a systematic classification of the extent of disease based on clinical and pathological criteria. Despite general acceptance of the TNM staging system, a lot of controversy and uncertainty with respect to staging still exists. This paper gives an overview of different staging modalities and emphasizes the need for incorporation of prognostic factors, such as tumour grade and volume, in the staging system.

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1432-1084

MRI ; Staging ; Urinary bladder cancer

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Since the introduction, pelvic MRI has been considered the best non-invasive technique for primary staging of urinary bladder cancer. Before using MRI an understanding of normal and pathological MR images of the urinary bladder is essential. This review therefore describes the MR anatomy of the urinary bladder as well as the appearances of carcinoma. MRI plays an important clinical role in staging the primary tumour. In superficial tumours, clinical staging, which includes transurethral biopsy, is the best technique. For invasive tumours, MRI is superior to other techniques such as CT scanning, transvesical ultrasonography and clinical staging. A limitation of both MRI and CT scanning is their inability to recognize minimal tumour growth in the muscle layer of the bladder wall, or to differentiate between post-transurethral resection oedema and tumour. Therefore, in all patients with urinary bladder cancer staging should preferably start with MRI followed by clinical staging. Unfortunately, however, because of the high cost of this strategy, MRI has to be reserved for staging deeply invasive and superficial poorly differentiated tumours.

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1432-2234

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Zusammenfassung Zweizentren ZFS-Integrale sind mittels numerischer Integration von Coulombintegralen berechnet worden, und zwar die π-π, σ-π- und σ-σ-Integrale an C-, N- und N+-Zentren. Die numerischen Resultate werden mitgeteilt.

Résumé Les intégrales bi-centriques de séparation à champ nul (ZFS) ont été calculées par intégration numérique des intégrales de répulsion coulombiennes évaluées pour les distributions de charge fondamentales définies par Roothan en termes d'orbitales atomiques de Slater. La méthode est appliquée au calcul des intégrales ZFS pour les interactions π-π, σ-π et σ -σ sur les centres C, N et N+. Résultats numériques.

Abstract Two-center zero-field splitting (ZFS) integrals have been calculated by numerical integration of Coulomb repulsion integrals which are evaluated over basic charge distributions as defined by Roothaan in terms of Slater atomic orbitals. The method is applied to the calculation of the ZFS integrals for π-π, σ-π and σ-σ electron interactions on C, N and N+ centers. Numerical results are given.

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1871-4528

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Electronic Resource

1871-4528

Verticillium biguttatum ; inoculation ; selerotia ; selerotium index ; grading loss ; mepronil ; pencycuron ; tolclofos-methyl

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Summary The effects of biological, chemical and integrated control on the formation of selerotia ofRhizoctonia solani on new potato tubers were studied in experimental fields. Sprouts of seed tubers, sprouted in daylight, were inoculated withVerticillium biguttatum, an ecologically obligate mycoparasite ofR. solani. Fungicides were mixed with the top soil. Biological control byV. biguttatum increased the percentage of harvests with less than 5% loss due to grading from 24% (non-inoculated) to 56%. Fungicides at the recommended rates usually gave good results but lower doses were less effective in sand than in loam soils. When fungicides were combined with biological control, the results were often, better: harvests with less than 5% sorting loss increased from 56 to 81%. Integrated control with pencycuron at 25% of the recommended rate was about equal to chemical control with pencycuron at full rate. The advantages of integrated control are discussed.

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1573-8469

Mycoparasites ; Gliocladium roseum ; G. nigrovirens ; Hormiactis fimicola ; Trichoderma hamatum

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Samenvatting Sclerotiën vanRhizoctonia solani, die bij het rooien van aardappelen op de knollen zitten, blijken veelvuldig geïnfecteerd te zijn met de schimmelVerticillium biguttatum. In dit onderzoek is aangetoond datV. biguttatum in staat is de sclerotiën vanR. solani te doden. Dit effect wordt bereikt zowel wanneer de beënte sclerotiën geïncubeerd worden op perliet als in grond.V. biguttatum kan zich ook in het bodemmilieu goed op de sclerotiën handhaven. In vergelijking met de doding van sclerotiën doorV. biguttatum is het effect van andere bekende mycoparasieten alsGliocladium roseum enHormiactis fimicola vrij gering, en dat vanGliocladium nigrovirens enTrichoderma hamatum zelfs te verwaarlozen. De temperatuur blijkt voor de activiteit vanV. biguttatum een belangrijke factor. Pas tussen 10 en 15°C treedt groei en doding van sclerotiën op. Onder laboratoriumomstandigheden bij 15°C resulteerde een behandeling van sclerotiëndragende pootaardappelen in een vermindering van deRhizoctonia-aantasting van de jonge spruiten. De ontwikkeling vanRhizoctonia-mycelium op de ondergrondse stengels was bij de onbehandelde aardappelen aanzienlijk groter. V. biguttatum groeide bij de behandelde serie met de spruiten mee. Ook bij de onbehandelde objecten trad een sterke kolonisatie van het stengeloppervlak doorV. biguttatum vanuit de grond op. HoewelV. biguttatum ook zonderR. solani voorkomt als bewoner van aardappelstengels, lijkt het frequente voorkomen vanV. biguttatum in aanwezigheid vanR. solani te duiden op een interactie op het stengeloppervlak. In een kleine veldproef kon vermindering van de stengelaantasting door behandeling van het pootgoed metV. biguttatum niet worden aangetoond. De onderdrukking van de sclerotiumbezetting op de eindoogst bleek evenwel aanzienlijk. In latere veldproeven, waarover nog gepubliceerd zal worden, werd ook een effect op de stengelaantasting geconstateerd. De uitkomsten bieden perspectief voor de toepassing vanV. biguttatum als biologische bestrijder vanR. solani in de praktijk. De vraag ofV. biguttatum de aardappelplant ook bescherming biedt tegenRhizoctonia-infectie vanuit de grond dient nader te worden onderzocht.

Abstract A common mycoparasite,Verticillium biguttatum, was found to kill sclerotia ofRhizoctonia solani placed on an inert material (perlite) as well as in soil at 15°C and 20°C, but not at 10°C. Compared with the effectivity ofV. biguttatum, that ofGliocladium roseum, Gliocladium nigrovirens, Hormiactis fimicola andTrichoderma hamatum on sclerotia was only low. In laboratory experiments, treatment of sclerotia-bearing seed potatoes withV. biguttatum reduced disease symptoms in the first stage of growth of the potato plant.V. biguttatum was found to occur on the subterranean part of the potato plant. On untreated plants the surface of the sprouts was colonised byV. biguttatum originating from the soil, presumably partly in response to the presence ofR. solani mycelium. In a preliminary field experiment,Verticillium treatment did not reduce symptoms on the stem. However, there was a marked reduction in sclerotium formation on the newly formed potato tubers. This offers perspectives for a commercial use ofV. biguttatum in the control ofR. solani.

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1573-8469

antagonism ; conducive and suppressive soil ; Verticillium biguttatum

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Samenvatting Gebleken is, dat het gebruikte pootgoed afkomstig van zandgrond — of het nu vrij is van sclerotiën vanRhizoctonia solani of licht of matig hiermee bezet — een minder sterke aantasting geeft van het gewas (Fig. 1) en vaak een geringere sclerotium-produktie op de geoogste knollen (Fig. 2) dan overeenkomstig pootgoed van de klei. De mate van aantasting van de plant hangt af van de mate van besmetting van de pootknol (Fig. 1), tenzij een sterke besmetting vanuit de grond optreedt. Drie categorieën van gronden werden onderscheiden. OpRhizoctonia-dragende gronden met veelRhizoctonia was de hoeveelheid sclerotiën op de oogst ongeveer gelijk voor zand-en kleipootgoed, ongeacht de mate van besmetting. Het niveau van sclerotiënbezetting is daar afhankelijk van de grond. In eenRhizoctonia-werende grond is het niveau van sclerotiënproduktie op de oogst, vergeleken met die op het pootgoed, laag. BijRhizoctonia-dragende gronden met zeer weinig,Rhizoctonia (zavel- en kleigrond) bepaalt de mate van besmetting van het pootgoed de sclerotiënbezetting van de oogst. Het verschil in gedrag tussen het gebruikte pootgoed van de klei en van het zand t.a.v. de aantasting van de plant doorR. solani en de sclerotiënvorming op de oogst wordt toegeschreven aan een rijkere bezetting van het zandpootgoed met antagonisten. Tevens is het mogelijk dat saprofytische (niet of weinig ziekteverwekkende) stammen vanR. solani in de sclerotiën op het zandpootgoed sterker vertegenwoordigd zijn.

Abstract The seed potatoes used in these experiments had been grown in a slightly acid pleistocene sandy soil or in a marine, holocene sandy loam. They were free of sclerotia ofR. solani or lightly or moderately speckled with them. Seed potatoes from the sandy soil produced plants that suffered less fromRhizoctonia than plants from seed potatoes that had been grown on the marine sandy loam. Similarly harvested tubers had, in a non-conducive soil and in conducive soils with a (very) low inoculum density ofR. solani, fewer sclerotia when they came from seed potatoes grown in an acid sand. In each soil, the degree of infestation of the crop not only depended on the severity of infection of the seed potatoes, but also on their origin. With regard to sclerotia production on tubers, three types of soil were distinguished: suppressive, conducive with a high, and conducive with a very low inoculum density ofR. solani. The differences in infestation and in the amounts of sclerotia on tubers between the crop grown from seed potatoes from the sandy soil and that from seed potatoes from the marine sandy loam soil, is attributed to a richer load of antagonists on the former and possibly to a larger proportion of saprophyticRhizoctonia strains among their sclerotia. The antagonists seem to be inhabitants of the subterranean parts of the plant and to function independently of the soil. This implies possibilities for their use in biological control.

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1573-8469

disease index ; sclerotium index ; suppression ; mycoparasites ; Azotobacter chroococcum ; Cylindrocarpon destructans ; Gliocladium roseum ; G. virens ; G. nigrovirens ; Hormiactis fimicola ; Penicillium spp. ; Pyxidiophora sp. ; Streptomyces spp. ; Trichoderma spp. ; Volutella ciliata

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Samenvatting Het beënten van poters met de opRhizoctonia solani parasiterende schimmelVerticillium biguttatum isolaat M73 in combinatie metGliocladium roseum (1981) of metV. biguttatum M73 alleen of in combinatie met isolaat M180 plus antibiotische isolaten van de bacterieAzotobacter chroococcum (1982), bleek effectief in het terugdringen of het onderdrukken vanR. solani op stengels en stolonen en het verminderen van de aantasting. Beënting van het pootgoed leidde tot een vermindering van de sclerotium (lakschurft)-vorming op de nieuwe knollen, vooral in klei-en zavelgronden. In 1981 leidde beënting van poters tot reductie in de sclerotiumvorming van gemiddeld 22 en 42% voor de oogst uit schoon en 15 en 26% voor de oogst uit besmet pootgoed geteeld op respectievelijk zandgrond en klei- en zavelgrond. In 1982 leidde beënten van de poters uitgeplant in licht zure zandgrond tot een gemiddelde reductie van de sclerotiumindex van de oogst van 22%. In zwaar besmette zandgrond trad evenwel geen reductie op; de infectiedruk was hier te groot. In de neutrale zavel- en kleigronden, vaak ook in de zwaarder besmette percelen werden aanzienlijke reducties bereikt, in de licht besmette gemiddeld 51–68% en in de zwaarder besmette 4–43%. Ontsmetten van pootgoed bleek alleen effectief in percelen die licht metR. solani waren besmet. In beide jaren bleek beënten van pootgoed met antagonisten te resulteren in een significant lagere sclerotiumindex van de oogst (p=0,1% in 1981; p=5% in 1982). V. biguttatum was veel vaker en meer aanwezig op de ondergrondse stengeldelen en stolonen van planten uit beënt pootgoed dan op die van niet beënte poters. De laatsten werden gekoloniseerd door wilde stammen vanV. biguttatum uit de grond, die vaak minder effectieve antagonisten waren. Beënting van vroeg gepote knollen — als de temperatuur nog te laag is voor de groei vanV. biguttatum — leverde toch gunstige resultaten op.

Abstract Inoculation of seed potatoes with the mycoparasiteVerticillium biguttatum, isolate M73 (combined withGliocladium roseum in 1981, either alone or mixed with isolate M180 plus antibiotics-producing isolates ofAzotobacter chroococcum in 1982) repeatedly proved successful in reducingRhizoctonia solani on stolons and stems. In field experiments, this ultimately led to a reduced formation of sclerotia on new tubers, particularly in neutral sandy loam and clay loam soils. In 1981 inoculation with antagonists led, when compared with no inoculation, to average reductions of 22 and 42% for the harvest from clean, and 15 and 26% for the harvest from infected seed tubers grown on slightly acid sandy soils and on neutral loam soils, respectively. The harvest from clean, inoculated seed tubers had the lowest sclerotium index. In 1982 inoculation of seed tubers planted in slightly acid sandy soils gave reductions of the sclerotium index of up to 22%. In the neutral marine loam soils considerable reductions were often achieved, viz., in slightly infected loams 51–68% and in rather heavily infected ones 4–43%. Chemical disinfection of seed tubers proved effective only in loam soils that were slightly infested withR. solani. In both years inoculation of seed tubers with antagonists led to significantly lower sclerotium indices of the harvest (p=0.1% in 1981; p=5% in 1982). V. biguttatum was present more frequently and in greater densities on stems and stolons of plants from inoculated than from non-inoculated seed tubers. The latter were colonized by wildV. biguttatum strains from the soil, apparently less effective antagonists. Early in the season, the soil temperature was too low for growth ofV. biguttatum. Nevertheless, inoculation of tubers that were planted early resulted in a considerable cotrol ofR. solani.

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