Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:Faber)

Schmidt-Faber, Werner

Unknown

291 S.

Grundlagen und Modelle zu rationalen Begründungen im Alltag

Arnold, Rolf; Faber, Konrad

Unknown

119 S.

3780010003

Schulisches Qualitätsmanagement

German

Bayrhuber, Horst; Faber, Astrid; Leinfelder, Reinhold

Unknown

239 S. : Ill.

9783780010780

German

1432-0711

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

article

1995

Bildungsmotivation ; Hochschule ; Weiterbildung ; Gasthörer

Persönlichkeitsbildung und Handlungsfähigkeit., Villingen-Schwenningen: Neckar-Verl. (1995), S. 61-90

German

2019-08-28

Die Bedeutung von Arbeitsmarktbedingungen für den Wirkungsgrad sozialer Sicherung verweist der Autorin zufolge auf das Konstruktionsprinzip der Koppelung des Beschäftigungssystems an das System sozialer Sicherung. Im Verlauf von Wirtschaftskrise und anhaltender Massenarbeitslosigkeit wird zudem deutlich, dass das deutsche System der sozialen Sicherung nachhaltig unter fiskalischen Druck gerät. Das Thema der Podiumsdiskussion verweist vor diesem Hintergrund auf einen Zusammenhang, der in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung zunehmendes Interesse findet, nämlich auf die Folgen des technischen Wandels für das Ausbildungs- und Beschäftigungssystem und das daran gekoppelte System sozialer Sicherung. Generell stellt sich hier die Frage, welche Rolle dem technischen Wandel in diesem Zusammenhang zukommt, ob durch den technischen Wandel lediglich kurz- bis mittelfristig zu lösende Probleme für den Ausbildungs- und Arbeitsmarkt und die soziale Sicherung der Individuen auftreten oder ob sich hier Strukturprobleme bzw. -veränderungen zeigen, die eine dauerhafte Ausgrenzung bestimmter Arbeitskräftegruppen, insbesondere Frauen, aus der Erwerbsarbeit und damit aus der sozialen Sicherung zur Folge haben. (ICI2)

Wirtschaft ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Economics ; soziale Sicherung ; Arbeitsmarktforschung ; Labor Market Research ; Social Security ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Ausbildungssystem ; soziale Folgen ; Frau ; technischer Wandel ; Arbeitskräftenachfrage ; Massenarbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsverhältnis ; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit ; Beschäftigungssystem ; women's employment ; social security ; vocational training system ; technological change ; mass unemployment ; Federal Republic of Germany ; woman ; employment relationship ; employment system ; labor demand ; social effects ; labor market ; descriptive study ; deskriptive Studie

Sammelwerksbeitrag, Konferenzbeitrag, collection article, conference paper

2018-07-27

In den vergangenen Jahren haben Prozesse, die unter dem Schlagwort Globalisierung firmieren, die Dienstleistungsbereiche der Gesellschaft und auch den Strafvollzug nicht unberührt gelassen. Die so genannte Haftpopulation hat sich durch die Öffnung der Grenzen verändert, die Belegung der Justizvollzugsanstalten hat sich, entgegen den Zahlen der Kriminalitätsstatistiken, weiter erhöht, Strafgesetze wurden nicht zuletzt aufgrund der Ereignisse des '11. September' verschärft. Gleichzeitig hat der finanzielle Druck auf die öffentlichen Haushalte, aus denen der Strafvollzug finanziert wird, zugenommen. Im Herbst 2006 geht die erste teilprivatisierte Haftanstalt Deutschland 'ans Netz'. Dieselbe Betreibergesellschaft betreibt auch das bisher einzige 'Private Prison' Schottlands, etwa 40 Kilometer südlich von Glasgow. Der Autor berichtet über seine Erfahrungen als Pfarrer in zwei Justizvollzugsanstalten in Schottland. Gespräche mit Häftlingen und Personal im Jahr 2003 bilden die Grundlage der Ausführungen. Das Fazit lautet, dass weder das staatlich noch das privat betriebene Gefängnis den Anforderungen entspricht, die im 'Scotland's Criminal Justice Plan' vorgegeben sind. Die Begründung der Befürworter der Privatisierung im Bereich des Justizvollzuges lautet in der Sprache der Organisationsentwicklung und Ökonomie: Der 'Outcome' ist bei deutlich niedrigeren Kosten der gleiche. Die Rückfallquoten Gefangener aus HMP Kilmarnock und HMP Perth sind jedoch gleich hoch. (ICA2)

Staatsformen und Regierungssysteme ; Recht ; Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Sociology & anthropology ; Systems of governments & states ; Law ; Staat, staatliche Organisationsformen ; Justiz ; Kriminalsoziologie, Rechtssoziologie, Kriminologie ; Criminal Sociology, Sociology of Law ; Judiciary ; Political System, Constitution, Government ; Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; betriebswirtschaftliche Faktoren ; Rückfälligkeit ; Justizvollzugsanstalt ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Strafgefangener ; Resozialisierung ; Folgen ; Privatisierung ; Hoheitsrecht ; Outsourcing ; cost-benefit analysis ; consequences ; outsourcing ; correctional institution ; sovereign right ; relapse ; Federal Republic of Germany ; resocialization ; privatization ; prisoner ; business administration factors

journal article, Zeitschriftenartikel

2018-07-27

This study aimed at investigating the use of psychosocial interventions and psychotropic co-medication among stimulant-treated children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in relation to the presence of psychiatric co-morbidity. Stimulant users younger than 16 years were identified in 115 pharmacies and a questionnaire was sent to their stimulant prescribing physician. Of 773 questionnaires sent out, 556 were returned and were suitable for analysis (72%). The results are based on 510 questionnaires concerning stimulant-treated children for whom a diagnosis of ADHD was reported. Of the 510 children diagnosed with ADHD, 31% had also received one or more other psychiatric diagnoses, mainly pervasive developmental disorder or oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder. We found an association between the presence of co-morbidity and the use of psychosocial interventions for the child (P 〈 0.001) and the parents (P 〈 0.001). In the ADHD-only group, 26% did not receive any form of additional interventions, while psychosocial interventions varied from 8 to 18% in children with ADHD and psychiatric co-morbidity. The presence of diagnostic co-morbidity was also associated with the use of psychotropic co-medication (overall, P = 0.012) and antipsychotics (P 〈 0.001). Stimulant-treated youths with ADHD and psychiatric co-morbidity received more psychosocial interventions and psychotropic co-medication than children with ADHD-only. The type of psychosocial interventions and psychotropic co-medication received by the children and their parents, depended on the specific co-morbid psychiatric disorder being present.

Psychology ; Psychologie ; Stimulants; Co-morbidity; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Co-medication; Multimodal treatment ; Psychological Disorders, Mental Health Treatment and Prevention ; psychische Störungen, Behandlung und Prävention

journal article, Zeitschriftenartikel

2018-10-25

Der vorliegende Beitrag prüft die Relevanz der Chaos-Theorie für die Sozialwissenschaften. Die Anwendung von Chaos-Modellen zur Analyse von sozialen Phänomenen wirft einige wichtige methodologische Fragen auf. Chaos-Modelle sind nicht-lineare mathematische Modelle. Bei ihrer Anwendung auf soziale Probleme diskutieren die Autoren hauptsächlich die Frage der internen und externen Validität. Das Fazit der Ausführungen läßt sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: Den Sozialwissenschaften ist wenig mit der Anwendung elaborierter mathematischer Modelle gedient, wenn das theoretische Verständnis und Wissen über die zugrundeliegenden dynamischen Prozesse unzureichend ist. Erst wenn diese Voraussetzung erfüllt ist, lassen sich Modelle der Chaos Theorie in die Sozialwissenschaften mit Nutzen einbringen. (pmb)

'This article investigates the relevance of chaos theory for social science. The application of chaos models in the analysis of social phenomena is accompanied by some important scientific problems. First, whether observations of social phenomena are generated by nonlinear dynamics cannot be ascertained beyond considerable doubt, especially when these observations contain measurement errors; i.e., there is a problem of external validity. Secondly, and more important, as a theory of irregular cyclical social behaviour is lacking inductive-statistical theory-formation about such behaviour, which is based on fitting a mathematical model of chaos to observations of social phenomena, is impossible unless additional information is used concerning the context and circumstances wherein the social phenomena occur; i.e., the internal validity of any theoretical explanation that is derived from only a fitted mathematical model (of chaos) cannot be assessed. So, research into the suggestion derived from mathematical chaos theory that irregular cycles may be present in the development of social phenomena over time requires theory-formation about irregular cyclical social behaviour on the basis of established theoretical insights and empirical evidence instead of fitting sophisticated mathematical models of chaos to observations of social phenomena.' (author's abstract)

Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Generelle Theorien der Sozialwissenschaften ; Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften ; General Concepts, Major Hypotheses and Major Theories in the Social Sciences ; Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods ; Validität ; Theorie ; Nutzen ; Sozialwissenschaft ; Theoriebildung ; Mathematisierung ; Chaos ; Modellentwicklung ; utility ; mathematization ; social science ; model construction ; chaos ; theory ; validity ; theory formation ; development of methods ; basic research ; Grundlagenforschung ; Methodenentwicklung

journal article, Zeitschriftenartikel

2024-01-15

Despite growing investments in active travel infrastructure in many developed countries, walking and cycling rates often remain low. In addition to changes in the built environment, life experiences, place-specific urban mobility policies, and social and cultural norms with regard to active travel mode use are also found to be important factors for encouraging walking and cycling. Many researchers have examined immigrants’ travel behaviour to study the influence of social and cultural norms and place-specific factors on mode choice and travel decisions. However, knowledge of the differences in walking and cycling behaviour between various sub-groups of immigrants remains limited. By means of a multiple linear regression model, this study investigates differences in walking and cycling behaviours between immigrants in a less active travel culture, namely New Zealand, and an active travel culture, the Netherlands. The findings show that immigrants in both contexts walk and cycle more than the wider populations. Analysis results demonstrate that socio-demographic characteristics, car and bicycle access, and trip purpose all have a significant effect on active travel behaviour. Furthermore, on average, Dutch born-and-raised immigrants in New Zealand cycle more days per month than professional immigrants in the Netherlands and tend to use a much wider range of transport modes, particularly sharing services. These findings suggest that past experiences with particular travel modes and socialisation factors likely play a major role in active travel behaviour, thereby stressing the need for more research on the role of cultural and social norms in travel decision-making processes.

Städtebau, Raumplanung, Landschaftsgestaltung ; Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Landscaping and area planning ; Sociology & anthropology ; cycling; immigrants; travel behaviour; walking ; Raumplanung und Regionalforschung ; Verkehrssoziologie ; Area Development Planning, Regional Research ; Sociology of Traffic ; Neuseeland ; Niederlande ; Einwanderung ; Reise ; Verhalten ; öffentlicher Verkehr ; regionale Mobilität ; New Zealand ; Netherlands ; immigration ; travel ; behavior ; public transportation ; regional mobility

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

2024-09-19

Jede menschliche Lebensgeschichte lässt sich auch als eine von Musik begleitete, wenn nicht von ihr beeinfl usste oder gar durch sie geprägte Geschichte hören und verstehen.

Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Bildung und Erziehung ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ; Sociology & anthropology ; Education ; Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ; Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie ; Bildungswesen quartärer Bereich, Berufsbildung ; Gerontologie, Alterssoziologie ; Cultural Sociology, Sociology of Art, Sociology of Literature ; Vocational Training, Adult Education ; Gerontology ; Alter ; alter Mensch ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Musik ; evangelische Kirche ; old age ; elderly ; adult education ; music ; Protestant church

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

1471-4159

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Abstract: Cytokines have been suggested to be involved in the cross talk between the immune and the nervous systems, under normal and pathological conditions. For example, the cytokine interleukin-2 was suggested to be involved in response to CNS trauma and spontaneous regeneration. Here, we examined whether mammalian CNS has an intrinsic potential to produce interleukin-2 and, if so, what its cellular origin is. mRNA sequences encoding for interleukin-2 were detected in brains of humans and rodents. Northern blot analysis revealed the presence of several interleukin-2 transcripts of different sizes in the brain, all recognized by lymphocyte-derived interleukin-2 cDNA probes. One of the transcripts, a high molecular weight form of ∼5 kb, appeared to be unique to the brain. Reverse transcription and amplification by PCR of human fetal brain mRNA revealed one cDNA product that, upon sequence analysis, showed a high degree of homology with the human lymphocyte-derived interleukin-2 coding sequence. To identify the possible cellular source of the interleukin-2 transcripts within the mammalian brain, we similarly analyzed mRNA of rat brain cells in culture. Northern blot analysis revealed that astrocytes contain transcripts that hybridize with interleukin-2 cDNA probe. These findings point to the astrocytes as a possible source of brain interleukin-2.

Electronic Resource

1471-4159

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Abstract: Migration of astrocytes is thought to play a role in nerve regeneration and to be mediated, at least in part, by inflammation-associated cytokines. Plasminogen activators are secreted proteases that function in fibrinolysis and participate in cellular migration and invasion and, in some cases, are modulated by cytokines. Here, we show that two cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, can modulate plasminogen activation in astrocytes, each causing 90% reduction of total plasminogen activator activity. Direct and reverse zymography indicated that this reduction resulted from two simultaneous events, a pronounced decrease in tissue-type plasminogen activator activity and an induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Northern hybridization analysis indicated a 30-fold increase of the steady-state level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA following treatment with each of the two cytokines. Both of the cytokine-induced effects could be blocked by cycloheximide or actinomycin D. When signal transduction pathways were blocked, the results indicated the involvement of reduction in cyclic AMP levels, protein kinase activity, and arachidonic metabolites of the lipoxygenase pathway. The results thus show that the two cytokines reduce the ability of astrocytes to conduct fibrinolysis and extracellular proteolysis, and suggest that the effect of these cytokines on members of the plasminogen activation system is through a common signal transduction pathway.

Electronic Resource

1550-7408

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Biology

Direct observations of schizonts and agamonts releasing megalospheres clarified the asexual phase of the life cycle of Peneroplis planatus and made it most probable that this species has a paratrimorphic life cycle. Specimens with maximum lengths between 837 and 3,503 μm released about 500 to 1,500 megalospheric juveniles, which possessed two chambers (proloculi and flexostyles) prior to emergence from the parental shell. The presence of gamonts was not shown and was only implied by the occurrence of the agamonts. Since agamonts and schizonts have been found from December to May and since asexual reproduction occurs in spring in Elat, sexual reproduction probably occurs at another time of year (June to December). More detailed studies of this species need to be conducted throughout the year to improve our knowledge of the life cycle of this species.

Electronic Resource

1540-8183

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) by alcohol injection into septal branches (SB) of the left coronary artery has evolved as a promising therapeutic option for selected patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Originally, probatory balloon occlusion of the target vessel was considered to be predictive for definitive reduction of left ventricular outflow gradients (LVOTG). The need for additional information regarding the exact site and extension of the therapeutic septal infarction is demonstrated by a case report. In this patient, myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) was performed prior to alcohol injection and showed that the septal area corresponding to LVOTG formation was supplied by a SB originating atypically from an intermediate branch. PTSMA guided by MCE led to complete LVOTG elimination without sustained rhythm disturbances and with a minimum CK rise.

Electronic Resource

1551-2916

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Physics

Alumina bilayers of different relative thicknesses and densities were produced with a strong interface using a modified gel-casting technique. Tolerance to surface damage is examined using biaxial flexure of disks damaged with a single Vickers indentation at various loads. The greatest surface flaw tolerance is seen in bilayers consisting of a thin porous layer on the tensile surface coupled to a thick dense layer. Here, the modulus mismatch causes redistribution of the applied stress, and fracture initiates at the internal porous-dense interface rather than at the surface from the introduced indentation flaw.

Electronic Resource

1551-2916

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Physics

Due to its coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and phase stability up to 1360°C, tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) was identified and investigated as a candidate environmental barrier coating for silicon nitride-based ceramics. Ta2O5 coatings were plasma sprayed onto AS800, a silicon nitride ceramic from Honeywell International, and subjected to static and cyclic heat treatments up to 1200°C in air. Cross-sections from coated and uncoated substrates were polished and etched to reveal the effect of heat treatments on microstructure and grain size. As-sprayed coatings contained vertical cracks that healed after thermal exposure. Significant grain growth that was observed in the coatings led to microcracking due to the anisotropic CTE of Ta2O5. High-energy X-ray diffraction was used to determine the effect of heat treatment on residual stress and phases. The uncoated substrates were found to have a surface compressive layer before and after thermal cycling. Coating stresses in the as-sprayed state were found to be tensile, but became compressive after heat treatment. The microcracking and buckling that occurred in the heat-treated coatings led to stress relaxation after long heat treatments, but ultimately would be detrimental to the function of the coating as an environmental barrier by affording open pathways for volatile species to reach the underlying ceramic.

Electronic Resource

1551-2916

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Physics

The influence of spray parameters on the microstructure and flexural strength of plasma-sprayed alumina was investigated. Coatings were applied using a small-particle plasma spray (SPPS) method, which is a recently patented process that allows submicrometer-sized powders to be sprayed. Using identical starting powders, coatings that were produced using two distinctly different spray conditions exhibited significant differences in both microstructure and strength. Scanning electron microscopy investigations of single lamellae (or splats) revealed that, for one spray condition, melted alumina particles will splash when they contact the substrate. The morphology of the splats that comprised the subsequent layers of the coating also were highly fragmented and thinner than lamellae formed under “nonsplashing” spray conditions. The surface roughness was strongly dependent on the morphology of the lamellae; increased roughness was noted for fragmented splats. Thick coatings that were comprised of splashed splats developed a unique microstructural feature that was responsible for the observed increase in roughness. These microstructural differences greatly influenced the flexure strength, which varied from 75 ± 21 MPa for the nonsplashing spray condition to 17 ± 2.4 MPa for the “splashing” condition.

Electronic Resource

1551-2916

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Physics

The microstructure of a small-particle plasma spray (SPPS) aluminum oxide coating sprayed onto a prepared mild steel substrate has been characterized using a variety of microscopic techniques as part of a process optimization study. The coating was highly conforming to the substrate as evidenced in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, although some voids were present at the interface. The layered splat microstructure, characteristic of conventional plasma-sprayed coatings but smaller in size, was discerned in partially thinned samples in a focused-ion-beam scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM). Microcracks and microporosity, generally less than 0.5 µm in size, was also seen between splats using transmission electron microscopy. Cubic alumina of the crystallographic form gamma-Al2O3 was identified by electron diffraction.

Electronic Resource

1551-2916

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Physics

The fracture process of steel fiber/cementitious matrix composites has been studied using a single-fiber pullout test that permits detailed measurements of the load-crack opening displacement relationship during fiber debonding and unloading. Using a suitable analytical model, the interfacial fracture energy and interfacial sliding friction have been calculated for composites incorporating steel fibers with cement paste or mortar matrices. Comparison of theoretical debonding curves with the experimental data show that the model accurately represents the fiber debonding process, except for a decrease in interfacial sliding friction due to wear of matrix asperities at the interface. Differences between the calculated interfacial properties of several specimens are associated with changes in the interfacial microstructure.

Electronic Resource