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1Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressL. Poorter ; F. Bongers ; T. M. Aide ; A. M. Almeyda Zambrano ; P. Balvanera ; J. M. Becknell ; V. Boukili ; P. H. Brancalion ; E. N. Broadbent ; R. L. Chazdon ; D. Craven ; J. S. de Almeida-Cortez ; G. A. Cabral ; B. H. de Jong ; J. S. Denslow ; D. H. Dent ; S. J. DeWalt ; J. M. Dupuy ; S. M. Duran ; M. M. Espirito-Santo ; M. C. Fandino ; R. G. Cesar ; J. S. Hall ; J. L. Hernandez-Stefanoni ; C. C. Jakovac ; A. B. Junqueira ; D. Kennard ; S. G. Letcher ; J. C. Licona ; M. Lohbeck ; E. Marin-Spiotta ; M. Martinez-Ramos ; P. Massoca ; J. A. Meave ; R. Mesquita ; F. Mora ; R. Munoz ; R. Muscarella ; Y. R. Nunes ; S. Ochoa-Gaona ; A. A. de Oliveira ; E. Orihuela-Belmonte ; M. Pena-Claros ; E. A. Perez-Garcia ; D. Piotto ; J. S. Powers ; J. Rodriguez-Velazquez ; I. E. Romero-Perez ; J. Ruiz ; J. G. Saldarriaga ; A. Sanchez-Azofeifa ; N. B. Schwartz ; M. K. Steininger ; N. G. Swenson ; M. Toledo ; M. Uriarte ; M. van Breugel ; H. van der Wal ; M. D. Veloso ; H. F. Vester ; A. Vicentini ; I. C. Vieira ; T. V. Bentos ; G. B. Williamson ; D. M. Rozendaal
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Published 2016Staff ViewPublication Date: 2016-02-04Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: *Biomass ; Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Sequestration ; Ecology ; *Forests ; Humidity ; Latin America ; Rain ; Time Factors ; Trees/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Tropical ClimatePublished by: -
2Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1471-4159Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract The effect of hemidecortication on the endogenous levels of amino acids in medial, sulcal, and dorsal frontal cortex as well as in parietal, temporal, and occipital cortex of the rat was investigated. Under aseptic conditions, the right cerebral cortex was aspirated by suction. Then, 21 days later, the content of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine, serine, threonine, and alanine was analyzed in six areas of the intact contralateral cortex using GLC. The results demonstrated a specific decrease in the endogenous levels of glutamic acid in both parietal and temporal cortex after hemidecortication of the contralateral side. This finding suggests that glutamic acid may serve as a neurotransmitter for some of the interhemispheric corticoparietal and corticotemporal fibers. In a follow-up experiment, the effect of a frontal lesion on the endogenous levels of the same amino acids in the striatum was also examined. In this case, the glutamic acid content exhibited a decrease of 31 % relative to the control value. This observation confirms the earlier finding of a glutamate-containing pathway from the frontal cortex to the striatum.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
3Articles: DFG German National LicensesAcidic Amino Acids and Self-stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex in the Rat: A Pharmacological StudyStaff View
ISSN: 1460-9568Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: The effects of intraventricular and intracortical microinjections of acidic amino acid antagonists on self-stimulation (SS) of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) were investigated. Self-stimulation was measured by depressing a lever in a standard chamber. Spontaneous motor activity of the animal and SS of the contralateral non-injected MPC were used as control for non-specific effects of the drugs. Intraventricular microinjections of γ-d-glutamylglycine (DGG), an antagonist of NMDA, kainate and quisqualate receptors, or 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (AP-5), a specific antagonist of NMDA receptors, produced a dose-related decrease of SS in the MPC. Spontaneous motor activity of the animal was not significantly affected. Unilateral microinjections into the medial prefrontal cortex of DGG or AP-5 produced a decrease of SS in the ipsilateral side while no effects were found on the contralateral MPC. On the contrary, intraventricular microinjections of γ-d-glutamyltaurine (Glu-tau), an antagonist with more relative affinity for kainate and quisqualate receptors, produced a dose-related decrease of both self-stimulation and spontaneous motor activity of the rats. Moreover, intracortical microinjections of Glu-tau had no effect on self-stimulation of this cortical area. These results suggest that acidic amino acids through NMDA, but not kainate or quisqualate, receptors could be part of the neurochemical substrate underlying SS of the MPC in the rat.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
4Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1471-4159Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Brain microdialysis has become a frequently used method to study the extracellular concentrations of neurotransmitters in specific areas of the brain. For years, and this is still the case today, dialysate concentrations and hence extracellular concentrations of neurotransmitters have been interpreted as a direct index of the neuronal release of these specific neurotransmitter systems. Although this seems to be the case for neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine, the extracellular concentrations of glutamate and GABA do not provide a reliable index of their synaptic exocytotic release. However, many microdialysis studies show changes in extracellular concentrations of glutamate and GABA under specific pharmacological and behavioural stimuli that could be interpreted as a consequence of the activation of specific neurochemical circuits. Despite this, we still do not know the origin and physiological significance of these changes of glutamate and GABA in the extracellular space. Here we propose that the changes in dialysate concentrations of these two neurotransmitters found under specific treatments could be an expression of the activity of the neurone–astrocyte unit in specific circuits of the brain. It is further proposed that dialysate changes of glutamate and GABA could be used as an index of volume transmission mediated actions of these two neurotransmitters in the brain. This hypothesis is based firstly on the assumption that the activity of neurones is functionally linked to the activity of astrocytes, which can release glutamate and GABA to the extracellular space; secondly, on the existence of extrasynaptic glutamate and GABA receptors with functional properties different from those of GABA receptors located at the synapse; and thirdly, on the experimental evidence reporting specific electrophysiological and neurochemical effects of glutamate and GABA when their levels are increased in the extracellular space. According to this concept, glutamate and GABA, once released into the extracellular compartment, could diffuse and have long-lasting effects modulating glutamatergic and/or GABAergic neurone-astrocytic networks and their interactions with other neurotransmitter neurone networks in the same areas of the brain.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
5Articles: DFG German National LicensesMarquez de Prado, B. ; Castañeda, T.R. ; Galindo, A. ; Del Arco, A. ; Segovia, G. ; Reiter, R.J. ; Mora, F.
Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
Published 2000Staff ViewISSN: 1600-079XSource: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: The purpose of this study was to investigate possible circadian changes in extracellular concentrations of glutamate (GLU) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and the influence of melatonin on the levels of these neurotransmitters in the neostriatum of awake rats using in vivo microdialysis. At the same time, the concentrations of the amino acids taurine (TAU), glutamine (GLN) and arginine (ARG), as well as dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), were measured in the extracellular fluid. When dialysates were collected over a 24-hr period (6 hr dark, 12 hr light, 6 hr dark), both GLU and GABA, without the infusion of melatonin, exhibited statistically significant rhythms, with higher levels of these constituents during the dark and lower levels during the day. Perfusion with melatonin (for 19 consecutive hours) prevented the daytime reductions in both GLU and GABA. Of the amino acids measured in the dialysates collected from the neostriatum of non-perfused rats, only ARG exhibited a significant change during the light:dark cycle; again, lowest concentrations were measured during the day. While melatonin perfusion did not statistically significantly influence neostriatal levels of TAU and ARG, GLN levels continued to drop during the infusion of the indoleamine. Dialysate concentrations of DA, DOPAC and HVA exhibited circadian rhythms which were not influenced by melatonin perfusion. The findings indicate there are differential effects of melatonin on extracellular neurotransmitter concentrations in the neostriatum of the awake rat. The results also suggest that the day:night variations in GLU and GABA may relate to daily changes in endogenous melatonin production, while DA and its metabolites are minimally influenced by this secretory product.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
6Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0165-2427Keywords: [abr] AD; atopic dermatitis ; [abr] FCS; foetal calf serum ; [abr] HBSS; Hank's balanced salt solution ; [abr] MC; mast cells ; [abr] MEM; Minimum Essential Medium ; [abr] OPT; O-Phthaldialdehyde ; [abr] TCA; trichloroacetic acidSource: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: MedicineType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
7Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1365-2842Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: SUMMARY The periodontal regeneration of interproximal bone defects of the posterior teeth produced by guided tissue regeneration (GTR), with expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene barrier membranes and conventional therapy, was clinically evaluated in 20 intrabony periodontal defects in 10 patients. The material included the presence of at least two proximal angular lesions for the same patient, probing pocket depth ≥ 6 mm, bone defect depth ≥ 3 mm, and 2-wall defects with crestal involvement relative to the tooth circumference ranging from 90 to 270°. Healing was clinically evaluated by surgical re-entry of GTR-treated sites (10 sites) and debridement only sites (10 sites) 1 year after initial surgery following a strict plaque control regimen. A significant correlation was observed between probing depth reduction, attachment gain and defect depth (test sites); there was increased bone fill in GTR-treated lesions of 2.95 ± 1.3 mm corresponding to a 69.4% improvement compared to control sites, and 1–3 ± 1.0 mm corresponding to a 32% improvement (P 〈 0.0039). The results demonstrated that bone regeneration is highly reliable, as compared to conventional therapy, in cases of severe periodontal bone loss from posterior teeth provided that the principles of GTR are applied.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
8Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0001-9593Topics: Linguistics and Literary StudiesHistoryNotes: MiscellaneaURL: -
9Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0001-9593Topics: Linguistics and Literary StudiesHistoryNotes: Annunzi bibliograficiURL: -
10Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1476-4687Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsNotes: [Auszug] Macaque monkeys were used, as the heat-regulating processes in man and subhuman primates are similar4. Two monkeys were seated in primate chairs and trained to exercise strenuously on a 'rowing machine'5, using food pellets as reinforcers, so that they lifted up to three times their own body ...Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
11Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0009-8981Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: MedicineType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
12Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0040-4020Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
13Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0196-9781Keywords: Cholecystokinin ; Microinjection ; Prefrontal cortex ; Self-stimulation ; Substance PSource: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
14Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0196-9781Keywords: Body temperature ; Cerebral ventricle ; Heart rate ; Metabolic rate ; Monkey ; Neurotensin (NT) ; Oxygen uptake ; Respiration ; Thermoregulation ; Vasomotor responseSource: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
15Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1749-6632Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: Natural Sciences in GeneralType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
16Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1572-8358Keywords: Cardiac modeling ; model-based monitoring ; automated cardiac rhythm interpretationSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Abstract Different approaches have been proposed in order to achieve knowledge integration for coronary care monitoring applications, usually in the form of expert systems. The clinical impact of these expert systems, which are based only on "shallow" knowledge, has not been remarkable due to the difficulties associated with the construction and maintenance of a complete knowledge base. Model-based systems represent an alternative to these problems because they allow efficient integration of the "deep" knowledge on the underlying physiological phenomena being monitored. In this work, a brief review of existing model-based systems for cardiac rhythm interpretation is presented, followed by the description of a new system forCardiac Arrhythmia Recognition by Model-Based ECG Matching (CARMEM). Fundamental characteristics of CARMEM are presented; in particular, its ability to provide on-line parameter adaptation to simulate complex rhythms and to match observed ECG signals. The proposed model can be useful for the explanation of the origin of cardiac arrhythmias and contribute towards their robust characterization in the context of coronary care units.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
17Articles: DFG German National LicensesEvidence for an involvement of acetylcholine in self-stimulation of the prefrontal cortex in the ratStaff View
ISSN: 1420-9071Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyMedicineNotes: Summary The effects of injections of antagonists of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors on self-stimulation of the prefrontal cortex in the rat were studied. The results of this investigation suggest that acetylcholine is involved in self-stimulation of the prefrontal cortex through activation of muscarinic receptors, and also suggest a possible interaction between acetylcholine and dopamine in mediating self-stimulation of this area of the brain.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
18Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0166-1280Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyPhysicsType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
19Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0022-2860Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: Chemistry and PharmacologyPhysicsType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
20Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-2072Keywords: Intracranial self-stimulation ; Enkephalins ; Morphine ; Naloxone ; Prefrontal cortex ; RatSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract The possible involvement of opioid peptides as part of the neurochemical substrates of self-stimulation (SS) in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) of the rat was investigated in two different groups of rats bilaterally implanted with monopolar electrodes in the MPC. In the first group, morphine (5, 10 and 20 μg) and an enkephalin analogue (BW 180) (5, 10, 20 and 40 μg) and an enkephalin analogue (BW 180) (5, 10, 20 and 40 μg) were injected through cannulae implanted into the lateral ventricles (IV). In the second group, naloxone (0.04, 0.4, and 1.6 μg) and morphine (5, 10 and 20 μg) were injected through cannulae implanted into the MPC, 1.5 mm above the tip of the stimulating electrodes. In the first group, spontaneous motor activity (SMA) was measured as a control for non-specific effects (sedation or motor dysfunction). In the second group SS, contralateral to the microinjected side, served as control. SS and SMA were measured 1 and 2 h postinjection. One hour after IV injection of morphine SS was not affected, although SMA was decreased. Two hours postinjection, on the contrary, SS was increased while SMA remained decreased. Similar effects were found with IV microinjections of BW 180. Naloxone, intraperitoneally injected, reversed all these effects. Naloxone or morphine injected intracerebrally (MPC) produced no changes in SS either in the injected or in the contralateral side, which served as control. The present results suggest that the effects found with IV injections of opioids on SS of the MPC are indirect (through activation of other brain areas) and not mediated by a direct action on the neurochemical substrates underlying this behaviour in the MPC.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: