Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:Elek)

2018-07-25

Objective: Self-injury (SI), self-injurious behaviour (SIB), including suicidal or non-suicidal self-injury (SSI, NSSI) represent an increasing problem among teenagers amounting to a 6–17% prevalence rate in adolescence, yet little data exists on detailed characteristics and associated factors of SI reaching clinical severity. There is also a scarcity of data distinguishing between suicidal and non-suicidal subsamples of self-injuring patients, i.e. showing which predictors contribute to develop self-injurious behaviour with a previous suicidal history (SSI). Method: Clinical diagnoses and characteristics of risk behaviour were examined in a crosssectional design in suicidal and non-suicidal subgroups of Hungarian adolescent outpatients practising self-injurious behaviour. From the total pool of 708 new patients consecutively referred with various psychiatric problems in five regional child psychiatric centres in Western-Hungary over an 18-month period, 105 adolescent outpatients suffering from self-injurious behaviour participated in the study (28 males and 77 females aged from 14 to 18 years, mean age 15.97, SD 1.05). The Ottawa/Queen’s self-injury questionnaire (OSI) was used to measure the characteristics of risk behaviour, while the comorbid clinical diagnoses were confirmed by the M.I.N.I. Plus International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Descriptive statistics presented the frequencies of the characteristics of SI, bilateral comparisons were used to reveal relevant items to differentiate between sex, duration of practice and SSI versus NSSI and logistic regression was performed to identify significant predictors of suicidal subtype of self-injuring practice. Results: A total of 60% of the clinical SI population experienced a present or past episode of major depression. The motivation of patients to resist impulses and to discontinue malpractice was low. Cutting and scratching was the most common self-injuring methods. Two-thirds of the sample practised the impulsive type of SI, while 30% practised premeditated SI having an incubation time from 30 min to days and weeks before carrying out SI. Although duration of SI did not distinguish the sample in important aspects, girls and boys differed in several aspects of SI practice. SSI adolescents differed from their NSSI peers in a number of important characteristics including the frequency of actions, injured areas, methods, specific stresses and motivations. SSI adolescents were more likely to favour cutting of the lower leg and drug overdose as modes of SI. SSI adolescents were more likely to report addictive features than their peers with no suicidal motivation. From the aspect of self-injurious practice, logistic regression analysis found only two significant predictors for the combined pathology.

Sociology & anthropology ; Medicine and health ; Medizin und Gesundheit ; Soziologie, Anthropologie ; regional-representative Hungarian sample of adolescent SI outpatients; Ottawa/Queen’s self-injury questionnaire (OSI); M.I.N.I. Plus International Neuropsychiatric Interview; SSI/NSSI comparisons; characteristics of risk behaviour; predictors of SSI; ; Medizin, Sozialmedizin ; Medizinsoziologie ; Medical Sociology ; Medicine, Social Medicine

journal article, Zeitschriftenartikel

2025-07-11

Walkability has become a key focus of urban research, linked to the aims of reversing car‐dependence and re‐enabling walking as a healthy, environmentally sustainable and sociable mode of mobility. This thematic issue presents a collection of articles using cutting‐edge research methods ranging from walk‐along interviews to statistical analysis of historic photography, topological and morphological analysis of street networks, and analysis of the spatio‐temporality of various aspects of streetlife. The articles included here provide new insights in understanding morphologies of walkability in cities across the globe. This concise selection of non‐reductionist walkability research reveals the exceptional breadth of research tools, inspiring further methodological innovation, and supporting future urban design and planning practice.

Städtebau, Raumplanung, Landschaftsgestaltung ; Landscaping and area planning ; assemblages; spatial analysis; streetlife; urban codes; urban mapping; urban mobility; walkability; walking ; Raumplanung und Regionalforschung ; Area Development Planning, Regional Research ; Raumplanung ; öffentlicher Raum ; Fußgänger ; Mobilität ; Stadtplanung ; spatial planning ; public space ; pedestrian ; mobility ; urban planning

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

article

2022

Empirische Untersuchung ; Umfrage ; Mediennutzung ; Kind ; Bewegungsmangel ; COVID-19 ; Freiluftunterricht ; Gesundheitsförderung ; Infektionskrankheit ; Sitzen ; Digitalisierung ; Bewegungsaktivität ; Bewegungsverhalten ; Sportmedizin ; Sportunterricht ; Tagesablauf ; Sicherheit ; Jugendlicher ; Europa

European journal of sport science, Bd. 22 (2022) H. 7, S. 1094-1103, 1536-7290

1746-1391

English

2018-01-04

American Chemical Society (ACS)

0893-228X

1520-5010

Medicine

1471-4159

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

We investigated the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) isoforms in CG-4 rodent oligodendroglial progenitor cells (OPC) and rat brain oligodendrocytes. Our RT-PCR analysis detected mRNAs for mGluR3 and mGluR5 isoforms in OPCs. Although neurons express both mGluR5a and mGluR5b splice variants, only mGluR5a was identified in OPCs. Antibodies to mGluR2/3 and mGluR5 detected the corresponding receptor proteins in immunoblots of OPC membrane fractions. Furthermore, immunocytochemical analysis identified mGluR5 in oligodendrocyte marker O4-positive OPCs. The expression of mGluR5 was also demonstrated in oligodendrocyte marker (O4 and O1) positive cells in white matter of postnatal 4- and 7-day-old rat brain sections using immunofluorescent double labelling and confocal microscopy. The mGluR5 receptor function was assessed in CG-4 OPCs with fura-2 microfluorometry. Application of the mGluR1/5 specific agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) induced calcium oscillations, which were inhibited by the selective mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine hydrochloride (MPEP). The DHPG induced calcium oscillations required Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. In OPCs the group II mGluR agonist (2S,2′R,3′R)-2-(2′,3′-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG-IV) decreased forskolin-stimulated cAMP synthesis, indicating the presence of functional mGluR3. The newly identified mGluR3 and mGluR5a may be involved in the differentiation of oligodendrocytes, myelination and the development of white matter damage.

Electronic Resource

1471-4159

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Abstract: In order to define the membrane topology of the GluR1 glutamate receptor subunit, we have examined the location of epitopes. Antibodies were produced against peptides corresponding to putative extracellular and intracellular segments of the rat brain GluR1 glutamate receptor subunit. Immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation showed that epitopes for the antiserum to the N-terminal part of the subunit are located at the extracellular face of the plasma membrane, whereas the antigenic determinants for the antiserum to the C-terminal part are found at the intracellular face of the postsynaptic membrane. Furthermore, antibodies to the N-terminal residues 253–267 reacted similarly with both intact and permeabilized synaptosomes, whereas the binding of antibodies to the C-terminal residues 877–889 increased about 1.6-fold following permeabilization. Our data suggest that the N- and C-terminal regions are located on the opposite side of the membrane and, therefore, the GluR1 subunit probably has an odd number of membrane spanning segments. The antibody cross-reactivities in different species and their effect on ligand binding activity were also established.

Electronic Resource

1471-4159

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Abstract: The release of [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) from rabbit and human isolated pulmonary artery has been measured. Removal of external potassium ions enhanced both the resting and stimulated release of [3H]NA from the strips. On adding K+ to tissues which had been suspended in K+ -free Krebs solution, the release of [3H]NA was reduced in both stimulated and unstimulated tissues. Selective inhibition of presynaptic α2--adrenoceptors by yohimbine significantly potentiated the release of [3H]NA evoked by stimulation in K+ -free solution. The presynaptic inhibitory effect of NA was much less pronounced when the release was enhanced by the removal of external K+. Since the activity of Na,K-ATPase may be affected by removing K+ or by adding it to tissue previously kept in K+-free solution, the results may indicate involvement of the sodium pump in NA release.

Electronic Resource

1471-4159

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The entorhinal cortex (EC) provides the predominant excitatory drive to the hippocampal CA1 and subicular neurones in chronic epilepsy. Here we analysed the effects of one-sided lateral EC (LEC) and temporoammonic (alvear) path lesion on the development and properties of 4-aminopyridine-induced seizures. Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis of freely moving rats identified that the lesion increased the latency of the hippocampal seizure significantly and decreased the number of brief convulsions. Seizure-induced neuronal c-fos expression was reduced in every hippocampal area following LEC lesion. Immunocytochemical analysis 40 days after the ablation of the LEC identified sprouting of cholinergic and calretinin-containing axons into the dentate molecular layer. Region and subunit specific changes in the expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) were identified. Although the total amount of AMPA receptor subunits remained unchanged, GluR1flop displayed a significant decrease in the CA1 region. An increase in NR1 and NR2B N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits and KA-2 kainate receptor subunit was identified in the deafferented layers of the hippocampus. These results further emphasize the importance of the lateral entorhinal area in the spread and regulation of hippocampal seizures and highlight the potential role of the rewiring of afferents and rearrangement of iGluRs in the dentate gyrus in hippocampal convulsive activity.

Electronic Resource

1471-4159

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Kainate receptors (KARs) modulate synaptic transmission at both pre-synaptic and post-synaptic sites. The overlap in the distribution of KA-2 and GluR6/7 subunits in several brain regions suggests the co-assembly of these subunits in native KARs. The molecular mechanisms that control the assembly and surface expression of KARs are unknown. Unlike GluR5–7, the KA-2 subunit is unable to form functional homomeric KAR channels. We expressed the KA-2 subunit alone or in combination with other KAR subunits in HEK-293 cells. The cell surface expression of the KAR subunit homo- and heteromers were analysed using biotinylation and agonist-stimulated cobalt uptake. While GluR6 or GluR7 homomers were expressed on the cell surface, KA-2 alone was retained within the endoplasmic reticulum. We found that the cell surface expression of KA-2 was dramatically increased by co-expression with either of the low-affinity KAR subunits GluR5–7. However, co-expression with other related ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1 and NR1) does not facilitate the cell surface expression of KA-2. The analysis of subcellular fractions of neocortex revealed that synaptic KARs have a relatively high KA-2 content compared to microsomal ones. Thus, KA-2 is likely to contain an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal that is shielded on assembly with other KAR subunits.

Electronic Resource

1749-6632

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

1749-6632

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

1467-8411

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Economics

This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical evidence about international capital mobility. The authors find that its potential benefits depend on certain assumptions about market structures and institutions. Many of these conditions were absent in the economies worst affected by volatile capital movements. The main features of the recent East Asian financial crisis are described, and the principal distortions that led to the crisis. In some instances, these distortions were due to government policies; in others, they stemmed from market failures that had not been adequately addressed either by individual governments or by international financial institutions.

Electronic Resource

1467-8411

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Economics

The Bogor Declaration of APEC leaders, on 15 November, 1994, is an important milestone in the evolution of economic co-operation in the Asia-Pacific. To be effective, implementation will need to go well beyond the elimination of ‘traditional’ barriers to trade, such as tariffs and quotas, which are no longer the most strategic obstacles to international economic transactions. It will also be essential to accelerate efforts to reduce the transaction costs imposed by divergent approaches to standards, commercial legislation and administrative procedures, as well as to develop an effective approach to dispute settlement. The pragmatic way forward is to retain APEC's commitment to open regionalism, promoting the integration of the Asian-Pacific region while avoiding needless discrimination against the rest of the world. An early start is possible only if APEC continues to reject an unnecessary diversion of effort to turn APEC into a preferential trading arrangement.

Electronic Resource

1467-8411

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Economics

The rapid growth of East Asian exports in the 1980s led to rising trade tensions. Trading partners, especially in the USA and Europe, tended to overlook the substantial growth of East Asia's imports (especially raw materials and capital equipment), focusing only on its capture of market shares in products for which US and EC manufacturers no longer held a comparative advantage. There is considerable interest in economic regionalism, raising concern about the division of the world economy into discriminatory trade blocs.In most economies around the Pacific, there is wide appreciation of the region's overwhelming interest in the maintenance of an open world trading system based on the non-discrimination principle of the GATT. Among initiatives for bilateral and regional trade liberalization in recent years, the Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) forum offers perhaps the best prospect of co-operative promotion of these objectives. APEC, established in 1989, already includes fifteen economies from both sides of the Pacific accounting for over half of world production. APEC's guiding principles stipulate that co-operation should be outward-looking, building consensus on a gradually broader range of economic issues.This paper proposes four pragmatic options in areas for useful co-operation:〈list style="custom"〉• Improving market access by reducing barriers to trade, such as the heavy protection of some parts of Northeast Asian agriculture, and of textiles and some other manufactures in major OECD countries.• Reducing uncertainty about future market access: for example, agreement to streamline dispute settlement procedures could reduce resort to arbitrary or discriminatory measures to deal with trade tensions.• Reducing physical bottlenecks, such as shortfalls in infrastructure, ranging from harbours to telecommunications, which impede trade in goods and also in services such as tourism.• Harmonizing domestic legislation and rules, such as those relating to safety, quality and environmental standards.It will not be easy to realize the economic gains from nondiscriminatory trade liberalization. But progress should be possible in some sectors where complementarity among APEC economies is obvious, as in mineral processing, where original reasons for protection have been weakened by changing circumstances, and where natural resource endowments and transport costs limit effective competition from outside the region. Regional initiatives will need to be non-discriminatory in order to avoid creating needless divisions in the world trading system.Preferential or discriminatory trading arrangements that fragment the multilateral world trading system constitute a threat to the Pacific region's economic prosperity. In contrast, this paper recommends an evolutionary approach: seeks early consensus on less contentious issues in order to build the sense of trust required for more effective future co-operation among economies on both sides of the Pacific, without discrimination against economies outside the region.

Electronic Resource

1749-6632

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

1749-6632

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Natural Sciences in General

Electronic Resource

1600-0765

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Blood flow and vascular permeability in the gingiva and alveolar mucosa of the lower jaw were studied after the antidromic (electric) or orthodromic (topical administration of capsaicin onto the oral mucosa) Stimulation of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in rats with or without capsaicin pretreatment. Blood flow was determined using 86Rb isotope dilution technique, while vascular permeability was assessed by the Evans blue extravasation. Both antidromic or orthodromic stimulation of the IAN increased blood flow and Evans blue extravasation. Capsaicin pretreatment abolished the increase in gingivo-mucosal blood flow and vascular permeability induced by nerve stimulation. The results of the present study appear to confirm the possibility of the development of neurogenic inflammation in the oral cavity. The mechanism observed may play a role in the development of certain inflammatory reactions in the oral mucosa frequently encountered in human clinical practice.

Electronic Resource

1600-0714

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The occurrence of oral leukoplakia and lichen planus in 1600 patients with diabetes mellitus (815 type 1: insulin-dependent, 761 type 2: non-insulin-dependent) under care at the International Medicine Department - was studied. Prccancerous lesions and conditions were diagnosed and grouped according to internationally accepted criteria. The prevalence of oral leukoplakia in diabetic patients was 6.2%, as compared to 2.2% in the healthy controls, that of oral lichen was 1.0% in the test-, and 0.0% in the control group. Leukoplakia and lichen both showed the highest occurrence in the second year of established diabetes, and their prevalence was higher among insulin-treated diabetics. Smokers were more often affected, by both kind of lesions, oral lichen showed a more frequent association with candidiasis. The prevalence of oral leukoplakia and lichen in diabetes mellitus patients was higher, than average ratios in population samples from the same country.

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] To determine whether the hypereholesterolaemia occurring in the hypophysectomized rat was solely the result of impaired thyroid function, we first measured the serum cholesterol changes taking place in five groups of ten mature male rats (Long Evans strain) after (a) simple thyroidectomy (T), (6) ...

Electronic Resource

1476-4687

Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

[Auszug] Two identical electrodes were used : one was continuously immersed in a medium of a given Eh, and the other was brought into this medium, having previously been kept at a different Eh level. The change-over was effected without exposing the surface of the electrode to air. A low Eh system was ...

Electronic Resource