Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:E. R. Chilvers)

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  1. 1
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2013-10-19
    Publisher:
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Print ISSN:
    0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN:
    1095-9203
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Computer Science
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*genetics/immunology/*pathology ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/*genetics ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Respiratory Tract Infections/*genetics/immunology/*pathology
    Published by:
    http://www.aaas.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  2. 2
    Brazil, T. J. ; Dagleish, M. P. ; McGorum, B. C. ; Dixon, P. M. ; Haslett, C. ; Chilvers, E. R.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Published 2005
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1365-2222
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Background Neutrophil apoptosis and phagocytic clearance have been proposed as key determinants affecting the resolution of airway inflammation.Objective To determine the kinetics of neutrophil priming, recruitment, activation and subsequent clearance in a naturally occurring equine disease model of neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation.Methods and Results A 5 h mouldy hay/straw challenge in hypersensitive horses induced transient pulmonary dysfunction lasting 4 days. At 24 h circulating neutrophils were primed and displayed delayed rates of spontaneous apoptosis in vitro. Neutrophil numbers in the airspaces peaked at 5 h and then fell abruptly, returning to pre-challenge levels by 4 days. Airspace neutrophils demonstrated increased respiratory burst activity compared with circulating cells and equine neutrophil elastase 2A concentrations increased in parallel with neutrophil numbers indicating in vivo priming and degranulation. The number of apoptotic neutrophils and proportion of alveolar macrophages containing phagocytosed apoptotic neutrophils increased significantly at 24 h and 4 days post-challenge corresponding to the period of most rapid neutrophil clearance.Conclusion This is the first demonstration of spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis and phagocytic removal in a natural disease model of airway inflammation and provides critical kinetic data to support the hypothesis that this clearance pathway plays a central role in the resolution of neutrophilic inflammation.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02231.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  3. 3
    Farahi, N. ; Cowburn, A. S. ; Rossi, A. G. ; Chilvers, E. R.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Published 2004
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1365-2222
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02095.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  4. 4
    Ayres, J. G. ; Higgins, B. ; Chilvers, E. R. ; Ayre, G. ; Blogg, M. ; Fox, H.

    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Published 2004
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1398-9995
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Background:  Patients with poorly controlled asthma have greater morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of omalizumab in patients with poorly controlled, moderate-to-severe allergic asthma.Methods:  This was a randomized, open-label, multicentre, parallel-group study. A total of 312 patients (12–73 years) receiving ≥400 μg/day (adolescent) or ≥800 μg/day (adult) inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate, or equivalent were included. Patients received best standard care (BSC) with or without omalizumab [at least 0.016 mg/kg/IgE (IU/ml) every 4 weeks] for 12 months.Results:  The annualized mean number of asthma deterioration-related incidents was reduced from 9.76 with BSC alone (n = 106) to 4.92 per patient-year with omalizumab (n = 206) (P 〈 0.001). Mean clinically significant asthma exacerbation rates were 2.86 and 1.12 per patient-year, respectively (P 〈 0.001). Omalizumab-treated patients (41.4%) required rescue medication 〈1 day/week compared with 20.7% for BSC alone (P 〈 0.001). Omalizumab improved absolute forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) compared with BSC alone (2.48 and 2.28l, respectively; P 〈 0.05) and reduced symptom scores relative to BSC alone (decrease of 6.5 and 0.7 respectively; P 〈 0.001). Omalizumab was well-tolerated.Conclusions:  Omalizumab administered as add-on therapy to BSC benefits patients with poorly controlled, moderate-to-severe allergic asthma.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00533.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  5. 5
    Chilvers, E. R. ; Spreadbury, C. L. ; Cohen, J.
    Springer
    Published 1989
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1573-0832
    Keywords:
    Aspergillus fumigatus ; pulmonary aspergillosis ; bronchoalveolar lavage
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Biology
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Abstract A rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis has been used to investigate the pathogenesis of Aspergillus infection in the immunosuppressed host. The animals received hydrocortisone daily and a single dose of cyclophosphamide 2 days prior to intratracheal instillation of conidia from Aspergillus fumigatus. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in 3 infected and 2 control saline treated animals sacrificed on days 1, 2, 4, 7 and 10 following inoculation. Infective load within the lung was quantified using an assay for chitin which is an important component of fungal cell walls (in particular the hyphal cell wall) and is not present in vertebrate tissue. The total BAL white cell count did not discriminate between infected and saline treated animals and Aspergillus was cultured from one lavage specimen only. Infected animals developed a marked neutrophil alveolitis by day 2 in contrast to a near total absence of neutrophils in the lavages of the control animals. Phagocytosis of conidia by alveolar macrophages was prominent but did not prevent progressive infection as confirmed by measurement of lung chitin. This pattern of cellular response within the alveolar airspace reflects the complex nature of the response to Aspergillus infection in the immunosuppressed host.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00436221

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses