Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:E. Nye)

2014-10-25

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Actomyosin/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Dendritic Cells/immunology/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/*cytology/physiology ; Inflammation/immunology ; Lectins, C-Type/metabolism ; Lymph Nodes/*cytology/immunology/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Stromal Cells/*cytology/physiology ; ras Proteins/metabolism ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism

2018-03-31

BMJ Publishing

2044-6055

Medicine

Open access, Geriatric medicine

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

A series of 667 cases of ovarian cancer have been studied; 176 patients had triethylene thiophosphoramide chemotherapy and were matched with controls which had not received chemotherapy.In the group with widespread cancer a significantly greater number of treated patients than controls were alive at all times of analysis up to three years after operation. Possible sources of bias have been critically analyzed. Despite close matching, and the apparently favourable result, it was not possible to prove that chemotherapy prolongs survival and a large-scale prospective controlled trail of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer is still necessary and would be justifiable.

Electronic Resource

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

A search of the literature has failed to reveal previous reports of obstructed labour due to stromal endometriosis or sarcoma. Such a case is here recorded. A biopsy was taken at Caesarean section and hysterectomy four weeks later confirmed endometrial sarcoma.

Electronic Resource

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

A review of the selenomethionine uptake ratio as a measure of placental function is presented. Attempts at the early identification of the poorly growing fetus were unsuccessful, and the previously published close correlation of results with clinical findings in later pregnancy has not been confirmed. The theoretical basis of the test has been re-examined. Although modification much reduced the incidence of technically unsatisfactory readings, other difficulties prevented the test from being clinically useful. To some extent the aim of the test has been superseded by concurrent developments and advances in care of the premature baby.

Electronic Resource

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The incidence of gynaecological symptoms was studied in 157 women after rectal excision. The relatively frequent occurrence of gynaecological problems suggests that the operation has wider gynaecological implications than may have been recognized.

Electronic Resource

1365-2826

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Leptin, produced by adipocytes, has homeostatic effects on body fat mass through inhibition of appetite and stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Several studies have reported that high-dose exogenous glucocorticoids increase circulating leptin concentrations in humans. Conversely, leptin has inhibitory effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, both at the hypothalamic and adrenal levels. We hypothesized that acute hypercortisolism, in the physiological range, may not alter leptin secretion. Four stimuli of the HPA axis were administered to eight healthy male volunteers in a placebo-controlled study. On separate afternoons, in a randomised order, fasting subjects received i.v. injections of saline, naloxone (125 μg/kg); vasopressin (0.0143 IU/kg); naloxone and vasopressin in combination; or insulin (0.15 U/kg; a dose sufficient to induce hypoglycaemia). Plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), cortisol and leptin were measured before and for 120 min after the injection. The cortisol secretory response was greatest after insulin-hypoglycaemia, this response was significantly greater than that following naloxone, naloxone/vasopressin, or vasopressin alone. Despite the cortisol release, leptin concentrations were not increased after any stimulus. Insulin-hypoglycaemia was associated with a decrease in leptin concentration at 60 and 90 min, while naloxone did not alter leptin concentrations. However, basal leptin concentrations were positively correlated with integrated ACTH and cortisol responses to naloxone, but did not correlate with ACTH or cortisol responses to the other stimuli. Thus acute elevations of plasma cortisol, in the physiological range, do not appear to influence plasma leptin concentrations. The fall in plasma leptin concentration after insulin-induced hypoglycaemia may reflect catecholamine secretion after this stimulus.

Electronic Resource

1365-2826

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The insulin hypoglycemia test (IHT) is widely regarded as the ‘gold standard’ for dynamic stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This study aimed to investigate the temporal relationship between a rapid decrease in plasma glucose and the corresponding rise in plasma adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and to assess the reproducibility of hormone responses to hypoglycemia in normal humans. Ten normal subjects underwent IHTs, using an insulin dose of 0.15 U/kg. Of these, eight had a second IHT (IHT2) and three went on to a third test (IHT3). Plasma ACTH and cortisol were measured at 15-min intervals and, additionally, in four IHT2s and the three IHT3s, ACTH was measured at 2.5- or 5-min intervals. Mean glucose nadirs and mean ACTH and cortisol responses were not significantly different between IHT1, IHT2 and IHT3. Combined data from all 21 tests showed the magnitude of the cortisol responses, but not the ACTH responses, correlated significantly with the depth and duration of hypoglycemia. All subjects achieved glucose concentrations of of ≤ 1.6 mmol/l before any detectable rise in ACTH occurred. In the seven tests performed with frequent sampling, an ACTH rise never preceeded the glucose nadir, but occurred at the nadir, or up to 15 min after. On repeat testing, peak ACTH levels varied markedly within individuals, whereas peak cortisol levels were more reproducible (mean coefficient of variation 7%). In conclusion, hypoglycemia of ≤ 1.6 mmol/l was sufficient to cause stimulation of the HPA axis in all 21 IHTs conducted in normal subjects. Nonetheless, our data cannot reveal whether higher glucose nadirs would stimulate increased HPA axis activity in all subjects. Overall, the cortisol response to hypoglycemia is more reproducible than the ACTH response but, in an individual subject, the difference in peak cortisol between two IHTs may exceed 100 nmol/l.

Electronic Resource

1439-6327

Exercise ; Lathosterol ; Plant Sterols ; Lipoproteins

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary Plasma lathosterol concentration is taken to be an index of the rate of cholesterol synthesis and plasma concentrations of plant sterols just as campesterol and betasitosterol are taken to be indeces of cholesterol absorption efficiency. These noncholesterol sterols were measured in plasma from 14 male distance runners and 10 sedentary men. Plasma lathosterol concentration was 30% lower (P〈0.02) and plasma betasitosterol concentration was 33% higher (P〈0.02) in the runners compared to the sedentary men. Plasma concentrations of lathosterol and plant sterols were inversely and significantly (P〈0.05) correlated in both the runners and the sedentary men. Plasma plant sterol concentrations were correlated positively and significantly (P〈0.01) with plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations in the runners and sedentary men combined. These findings suggest that more efficient cholesterol absorption may lead to higher plasma plant sterol concentrations and may contribute to lower cholesterol synthesis rates, reduced concentrations of plasma lathosterol and higher plasma HDL-C concentration in distance runners.

Electronic Resource