Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:E. Hanna)

2018-03-06

The Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM)

0022-3123

Medicine

2018-03-06

The Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM)

0022-3123

Medicine

2018-06-22

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Geosciences

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Genetics, Medicine, Diseases, Online Only

2015-10-30

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

2011-01-29

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

*Global Warming ; Greenland ; *Ice Cover ; Satellite Communications ; Seasons ; Time Factors ; Water Movements

2013-06-07

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Air ; Antarctic Regions ; Climate Change/*statistics & numerical data ; Computer Simulation ; Greenland ; *Ice Cover ; Snow ; Temperature ; *Uncertainty

1440-1797

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Knowing when and where a gene is expressed in a cell often provides a strong clue as to its physiological role. It is estimated the human genome contains 80 000–100 000 genes. Assessment of gene activity on a global genome-wide scale is a fundamental and newly developed experimental strategy to expand the scope of biological investigation from a single gene to studying all genes at once in a systematic way. Capitalizing on the recently developed methodology of cDNA array hybridization, we monitored the simultaneous expression of thousands of genes in primary human mesangial cells. Complex α-33P-labelled cDNA probes were prepared from cultured mesangial cells. The probe was hybridized to a high-density array of 18 326 paired target genes. The radioactive hybridization signals were analysed by phosphorimager. Bioinformatics from public genomic databases was utilized to assign a chromosomal location of each expressed transcript. Approximately 7460 different gene transcripts were detected in mesangial cells. Close to 13% (957 genes) were full-length mRNA human transcripts (HTs), the remainder 6503 being expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Using special imaging computer software, the transcriptional level of the 957 HTs was compared with the expression of the ribosomal protein S28 (housekeeping gene). The HTs were also classified by function of the gene product and listed with information on their chromosomal loci. To allow comparison between clinical and experimental studies of gene expression, the detected human gene transcripts were cross-referenced to orthologous mouse genes. Thus, the presented data constitute a quantitative preliminary blueprint of the transcriptional map of the human mesangial cell. The information may serve as a resource for speeding up the discovery of genes underlying human glomerular diseases. The complete listing of the full-length expressed genes is available upon request via E-mail: (Abdalla_Rifai@Brown.edu).

Electronic Resource

1440-1797

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

SUMMARY: It is well established that mesangial cell proliferation plays a major role in glomerular injury and progressive renal injury. The expression of a number of different genes has been reported in proliferative mesangial cells in culture. However, the relevance of these genes to renal injury in general and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) remains to be established. Assessment of gene activity on a global genome-wide scale is a fundamental and newly developed molecular strategy to expand the scope of clinical investigation from a single gene to studying all genes at once in a systematic pattern. Capitalizing on the recently developed methodology of high cDNA array hybridization, the simultaneous expression of thousands of genes in primary human proliferating mesangial cells was monitored and compared with renal tissue of IgAN. Complex [α-33P]-labelled cDNA targets were prepared from cultured mesangial cells, remnant tissue from five IgAN renal biopsies and four nephrectomies (controls). Each target was hybridized to a high-density array of 18 326 paired target genes. The radioactive hybridization signals were analysed by phosphorimager. Approximately 8212 ± 530 different gene transcripts were detected per target. Close to 5% (386 ± 90 genes) were full-length mRNA human transcripts (HT) and the remainder were expressed sequence tags (EST). Using a relational database, electronic subtraction was performed and matching was carried out to allow identification of 203 HT with shared expression in proliferative mesangial cells and IgAN renal biopsies. In addition hierarchical clustering analysis was performed on the HT of IgAN and controls to establish differential expression profiles of mesangial HT in IgAN and controls. Collectively the presented data constitutes a preliminary renal bioinformatics database of the transcriptional profiles in IgAN. More importantly, the information may help to speed up the discovery of genes underlying human IgAN.

Electronic Resource

1440-1797

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

SUMMARY: It is well established that mesangial cell proliferation plays a major role in glomerular injury and progressive renal injury. the expression of a number of different genes has been reported in proliferative mesangial cells in culture. However, the relevance of these genes to renal injury in general and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) remains to be established. Assessment of gene activity on a global genome-wide scale is a fundamental and newly developed molecular strategy to expand the scope of clinical investigation from a single gene to studying all genes at once in a systematic pattern. Capitalizing on the recently developed methodology of high cDNA array hybridization, the simultaneous expression of thousands of genes in primary human proliferating mesangial cells was monitored and compared with renal tissue of IgAN. Complex [α-33P]-labelled cDNA targets were prepared from cultured mesangial cells, remnant tissue from five IgAN renal biopsies and four nephrectomies (controls). Each target was hybridized to a high-density array of 18 326 paired target genes. the radioactive hybridization signals were analysed by phosphorimager. Approximately 8212±530 different gene transcripts were detected per target. Close to 5% (386±90 genes) were full-length mRNA human transcripts (HT) and the remainder were expressed sequence tags (EST). Using a relational database, electronic subtraction was performed and matching was carried out to allow identification of 203 HT with shared expression in proliferative mesangial cells and IgAN renal biopsies. In addition hierarchical clustering analysis was performed on the HT of IgAN and controls to establish differential expression profiles of mesangial HT in IgAN and controls. Collectively the presented data constitutes a preliminary renal bioinformatics database of the transcriptional profiles in IgAN. More importantly, the information may help to speed up the discovery of genes underlying human IgAN.

Electronic Resource

0030-851X

Political Science

Sociology

Economics

BRIEFLY NOTED

Book Reviews

1572-8927

Electrolytic conductance ; alkali metal iodides and perclorates ; ammonium iodide ; propylene carbonate ; ionic association

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract Conductance data are reported for NaI, KI, RbI, CsI, NH4I, NaClO4, and KClO4 in propylene carbonate at 25°C in the concentration range 1×10−4 −8.3×10−3M. Analysis of the data with the current conductance theories indicates negligible ion-association, strong cation-solvent and weak anion-solvent interactions.

Electronic Resource

1572-8927

Electrolytic conductivity ; alkali metal salts ; hexamethylphosphotriamide ; association

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract Precise conductivity measurements are reported for twenty-two 1:1 salts in hexamethylphosphotriamide at 25°C. The results have been analyzed using the full versions of the equations of Fuoss-Hsia and of Pitts for the conductivity of the free ions. TheK A andΛ ∞ values are consistent with strong cation solvation but weak anion solvation by the solvent. Earlier results for salts in related solvents have been reanalyzed for comparative purposes.

Electronic Resource

1572-8927

Electrolytic conductance ; alkali metal iodides and thiocyanates ; TINO3 ; NH4SCN ; hexamethylphosphotriamide ; ionic association

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract The conductances of KI, RbI, CsI, TINO3 NaSCN, KSCN, and NH4SCN have been measured in hexamethylphosphotriamide at 25°C in the concentration range up to 9.5×10−3 M. The data have been analyzed with the expanded and full versions of the Pitts and Fuoss-Hsia conductance equations. With the exception of thallium(I) nitrate the association constants of all the salts studied are small. Computed values of the limiting molar conductanceA o and the association constantsK A indicate that metal cations are strongly solvated while anions are at best weakly solvated.

Electronic Resource

0211-3589

Ethnic Sciences

History

SECCIÓN MONOGRÁFICA: NUMISMÁTICA

1438-2385

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Zusammenfassung Furfurol und Hydroxymethylfurfurol können leicht mit Hilfe der Umkehrphasen-Chromatographie in Alkoholika bestimmt werden. Eine Probenvorbereitung ist nicht notwendig. Die beiden Aldehyde werden UV-spektrometrisch erfaßt, die absolute Nachweisgrenze bei Routinearbeiten beträgt 4–7 mg/100 l reinen Alkohol (entsprechend 0,01–0,03 mg/l im Getränk) und kann für Spurenbestimmungen auf 0,002–0,001 mg/l durch Injektion von größeren Probenvolumen erniedrigt werden. Die Peakhöhen der beiden Furfuroie sind im Bereich von 0,25–3 mg/l Getränk linear von der Konzentration abhängig. Die Gesamtanalyse dauert etwa 12 min. Mit der beschriebenen Methode werden brasilianischer Zukkerrohrschnaps (Cachaça) Bowie eine Reihe in Deutschland käuflicher Alkoholika untersucht.

Sumário Os autores apresentam um método de determinação de Furfural e Hidroxi-metilfurfural em cachaça e outras bebidas alcoolicas, Cromatografia em alta pressão com colunas de fase reversa (C8; 5 μm; 250 × 4 mm; CH3CN/H2O 5/95 como eluente) permite a separação e determinaçã sem pre-tratamento das amostras em 10–12 minutos. A sensibilidade da determinação em UV (254 nm) è 4–7 mg/100 L álcool puro (0.01–0.03 mg/L na bebida respectivamente). Usando um volume maior de injecção, o limite se pode abaixar até 0.002–0.001 mg/L bebida. A altura dos picos é proporçional à concentração entre 0.25–3 mg/L bebida. As cachaças investigadas possuem geralmente um conteúdo de Furfural e de Hidroxi-metilfurfural menor do que suposto e determinato pelo método de anilina recomendado pelo governo (determinação não específica).

Summary Furfural and Hydroxymethylfurfural can easily be determined in alcoholic beverages by means of reverse phase chromatography. A special sample preparation is not necessary. The aldehydes are detected by UV-spectrometry, the absolute detection limit in routine work is 4–7 mg/100 liters of pure ethanol (corresponding to 0.016–0.03 mg/l beverage) and can be extended down to 0.002–0.001 mg/l when injecting higher volumes for trace analysis. In the range of 0.25–3 mg/l linear relationship is obtained between peak hight and concentration. The complete assay procedure takes about 12 min. A series of Brazilian Cachaça samples and German commercial liquors were investigated with the here described method.

Electronic Resource

1437-1596

Paternity cases ; DNA ; VNTR systems ; Single locus probes ; Paternity index ; Vaterschaftsfälle ; VNTRSysteme ; Single-Locus-Sonden ; Vaterschaftspaternitäts-Index

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Law

Zusammenfassung Vaterschaftstests wurden in 271 Fällen strittiger Vaterschaft mit Hilfe der 5 VNTR-Systeme: D2S44 (YNH24), D5S43 (MS8), D7S21 (MS31), D7S22 (g3), D12S11 (MS43a) und 12–15 konventionellen Blutgruppensystemen einschließlich des HLA-Systems (HLA A und B) durchgeführt. Mit Hilfe der Matching-Kriterien für VNTRSysteme, wie sie andernorts (Morling und Hansen 1992) etabliert wurden, wurden alle 70 unverwandten Männer, die durch konventionelle Typisierung ausgeschlossen wurden, auch mit Hilfe von 2 oder mehreren VNTR-Systemen ausgeschlossen. Basierend auf den beobachteten Ausschlußfrequenzen für die 5 VNTR-Systeme könnte eine theoretische Ausschlußwahrscheinlichkeit von mehr als 0,999 erhalten werden. Insgesamt wurden 350 Vater/Kind-Paare untersucht und in 3 Vaterschaftsfällen und einer Emigrantenfamilie wurden isolierte Ausschlüsse der Putativväter ausschließlich in einem der 5 VNTR-Systeme gefunden, was möglicherweise an Mutationen denken läßt. Unter 350 Mutter/Kind-Paaren wurden keine Mutter/Kind-Ausschlüsse gefunden. Linkage-Analysen zwischen den Syntenic-Systemen D7S21 (MS31) und D7S22 (g3) wurden durchgeführt an 29 Familien mit 81 Kindern. Die Analyse ergab eine Rekombinationsdistanz von ungefähr 31 cM. Der positive Vaterschaftsbeweis, wie er durch die 5 VNTR-Systeme in Fällen mit Nicht-Ausschlüssen etabliert wird, wird diskutiert.

Summary Paternity testing was carried out in 271 cases of disputed paternity using the 5 VNTR systems D2S44 (YNH24), D5S43 (MS8), D7S21 (MS31), D7S22 (g3), and D12S11 (MS43a), and 10–15 conventional marker systems including the HLA-A,B system. By means of the matching criteria for the VNTR systems established elsewhere (Morling & Hansen 1992), all 70 unrelated men who had been excluded by conventional typing were also excluded with 2 or more VNTR systems. Based on the observed exclusion frequencies for the 5 VNTR systems, a theoretical exclusion rate exceeding 0.999 could be obtained. A total of 350 father/child pairs were studied and in 3 paternity cases and one immigrant family, the alleged fathers were excluded solely by one of the 5 VNTR systems possibly reflecting mutations. No mother/child exclusions were observed among 350 mother/child pairs. Linkage analysis between the syntenic systems D7S21 (MS31) and D7S22 (g3) was performed in 29 informative families with 81 children and revealed a recombination distance of about 31 cM. The positive evidence for paternity provided by the 5 VNTR systems in cases with non-exclusions is discussed.

Electronic Resource

1437-1596

Paternity testing ; DNA ; VNTR ; Single locus DNA probes ; Matching criteria ; Population frequencies ; Vaterschaftsuntersuchung ; Single-Locus ; DNA-Sonden ; Match-Kriterien ; Populationsfrequenzen

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Law

Zusammenfassung DNA-Polymorphismen mit einer variablen Anzahl von tandemähnlichen Wiederholungseinheiten (VNTR's), speziell der Typus der Restriktionsfragmentlängenpolymorphismen, wurden in die Vaterschaftsanalyse eingeführt. Hinfl-verdaute DNA wurde elektrophoretisch in Agarose-Gelen aufgetrennt und mit radioaktiv markierten Sonden hybridisiert, welche die VNTR-Systeme D2S44 (YNH24), D5S43 (MS8), D7S21 (MS31), D7S22 (G3) und D12S11 (MS43a) detektieren. Die sog. Intra-Gelvariation von 970 Doppeluntersuchungen auf demselben Gel von DNA von 122 Personen zeigte keine Unterschiede, welche größer waren als 1,25 mm — bezogen auf die Positionen der korrespondierenden DNA-Fragmente. Der Vergleich von 1.624 DNA-Fragmenten von 342 Mutter—Kind—Paaren zeigte lediglich einen Unterschied, welcher größer als 1,25 mm war und daher als eine Mutation interpretiert wurde. Hierauf basierend entschlossen wir uns, eine Intra-Geldifferenz größer als 1,25 mm zwischen dem nicht-mütterlichen DNA-Fragment des Kindes und dem nächsten DNA-Fragment des Putativ-Vaters als einen Ausschluß in der Vaterschaftsanalyse zu bewerten. Dieses Match-Kriterium wurde benutzt für die Vergleiche von 1.197 DNA-Fragmentdifferenzen bei 247 Paaren von Kindern und Putativ-Vätern, bei welchen in konventionellen Systemen kein Ausschluß zu beobachten war. In all diesen Fällen waren die Wanderungsunterschiede zwischen DNA-Fragmenten der nicht-ausgeschlossenen Männner und den Fragmenten der Kinder geringer als 1,25 mm mit der Ausnahmen von 6 Fällen (0,5%). Die Mann—Kind—Differenzen in allen der 227 falschen Terzette überschritten 1,25 mm in zwei oder mehr der 5 VNTR-Systeme, welche untersucht wurden. Match-Kriterien für die Inter-Gel-Vergleiche bei Vaterschaftsuntersuchungen wurden etabliert. Die Frequenz-Verteilung von HinfIverdauten DNA-Fragmenten der 5 VNTR-Systeme bei 650 unverwandten Dänen wird gezeigt und die Rohdaten sind verfügbar.

Summary Paternity testing using DNA polymorphism of variable numbers of tandem repeat (VNTR) regions with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was implemented. HinfI-digested DNA was separated by electrophoresis in agarose gels and hybridized with radiolabelled probes detecting the VNTR-systems D2S44 (YNH24), D5S43 (MS8), D7S21 (MS31), D7S22 (g3), and D12S11 (MS43a). The intra gel variability of 970 duplicate investigations on the same gel of DNA from 122 individuals showed no differences exceeding 1.25 mm between the positions of the corresponding DNA fragments. The comparison of 1,624 DNA fragments from 342 mother/child pairs showed only one difference above 1.25 mm which was interpreted as a mutation. Based on these observations, we decided to consider an intra gel difference above 1.25 mm between the non-maternal DNA fragment of the child and the nearest DNA fragment of the putative father as an exclusion in paternity testing. This matching criterion was used for the comparisons of 1,197 DNA fragment differences in 247 pairs of children and putative fathers who had not been excluded by conventional marker systems. In all of these cases, the migration differences between the DNA fragments of non-excluded men and the DNA fragments of the children were less than 1.25 mm except in 6 cases (0.5%). The man/child differences in all of 227 false trios exceeded 1.25 mm in 2 or more of the 5 VNTR systems investigated. Matching criteria for inter gel comparisons in paternity testing were established. The frequency distribution of Hinfl digested DNA fragments of the 5 VNTR systems in 650 unrelated Danes is presented and the raw data is available.

Electronic Resource

1432-1203

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary The origin of 29 polyploid conceptuses with villous cystic swelling was examined. One tetraploid specimen showed one maternal and three paternal contributions to the genome. Informative cytogenetic markers in 24 triploids were consistent with fertilization by dispermy. Analysis of cytogenetic markers indicated that polyspermy may account for essentially all polyploid conceptions with an excess of paternal to maternal chromosome complements. The origin of the genome was primarily demonstrated by the study of cytogenetic markers, while HLA determination and enzyme analysis were less informative.

Electronic Resource

1432-2048

Graviresponse (root) ; pH gradient (graviresponse) ; pH pattern (extracellular) ; Phleum (graviresponse) ; Proton flux

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract The pH patterns at the surfaces of both vertically growing roots of Phleum pratense L. and roots tilted by 45° were recorded using H +-sensitive microelectrodes. During vertical growth the root cap exhibited lower pH values than the meristematic zone. The highest pH values were found at the border between meristematic and elongation zones. In the apical part of the elongation zone the values strongly decreased basipetally. They reached a minimum value of pH 5.4–5.5 (medium pH of about 6.0) at a distance of 700 μm from the root tip. This region of strongest acidification usually coincided with that of the highest relative rates of elongation. The region of the first visible curvature following gravistimulation was positioned at 100–200 μm more apically. The pH values increased in the basal elongation zone towards the mature zone. The H+-flux pattern around a vertically growing Phleum root was characterized by high influxes in the meristematic zone and smaller effluxes in the elongation zone. Tilting the root by 45° induced changes in the pH values of the upper and lower sides of a Phleum root. At a distance of 300–500 μm from the root tip, the upper side was strongly acidified while the pH of the lower side slightly increased compared with the values during vertical orientation. pH differences of up to 0.9 pH units between the two sides of a root were detected. These differences decreased basipetally and could not be measured more distant than 700–800 μm from the tip. Compared with a vertically growing root, the H+-flux pattern of a Phleum root tilted by 45° exhibited effluxes on the entire upper organ flank while the pattern was scarcely altered on the lower side. The curvature-initiating zone in Phleum roots is positioned within that section of the root in which pH changes occur after tilting. The region of highest pH differences, however, is nearer to the apex of the root than the curvature-initiating zone. The pH changes began 8.2 min after a root had been tilted. The bending process started after 17.2 min, i.e. after double the time needed for differential acidification. After reorienting a root, which had just begun to bend, to its previous vertical position the inversion of the pH gradient could be measured within the same mean time of about 8 min. This is again significantly earlier than the beginning of the rebending process. The results indicate that, during the graviresponse, ionic movements occur much earlier than the changes in hormonal activities reported in the literature.

Electronic Resource

1573-4919

growth factors ; cytokines ; human ; kidney

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Abstract We have investigated the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B-chain gene transcription as well as on mRNA stability in cultured human mesangial cells. Addition of actinomycin to cells stimulated with PMA decreases steady state levels of PDGF-B chain mRNA analysed by solution hybridization assay. PDGF-B chain gene transcription was also assayed directly by measuring elongation of transcripts in isolated nuclei followed by hybridization of labeled RNA transcripts to a cDNA encoding for PDGF-B chain. Our data show that PMA induces PDGF-B chain gene transcription by approximately 2-fold. α-Amanitin, an RNA polymerase II inhibitor, blocked transcription by more than 70%. In addition, we determined the effect of PMA on the halflife of PDGF-B chain mRNA directly by pulse chase method. In human mesangial cells, the PDGF-B chain mRNA exhibited halflife of approximately 105 min. In the presence of PMA, the halflife of PDGF-B chain mRNA was reduced to approximately 72 min. These studies indicate that regulation of PDGF-B chain gene by PMA in human mesangial cells involves a coordinate effort at the level of transcription and mRNA stability.

Electronic Resource