Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:D. Simberloff)

2016-02-26

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Aedes/growth & development/*virology ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Brazil ; Chikungunya virus ; Dengue Virus ; Humans ; *Introduced Species ; Larva ; Mosquito Control/*methods ; *Poecilia ; Zika Virus

2014-08-26

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Endangered Species ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans

2011-04-23

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; *Introduced Species ; Pest Control, Biological ; Plants

2011-07-08

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; Ecology/*methods/*standards ; *Introduced Species

2013-11-01

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Humans ; *Introduced Species

1432-1939

Leaf miner ; Stilbosis ; Oak trees ; Quercus geminata ; Mine distributions

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Summary Leaf-mining Stilbosis quadricustatella larvae are distributed non-randomly within leaves of their host plants, sand live oak (Quercus geminata) and water oak (Q. nigra) in north Florida. Fewer mines are found together on the same side of the mid-vein than separated, on opposite sides of the mid-vein. Larvae do not normally cross the mid-vein but create small blotch-like mines along subsidiary veins. Investigations of the usual mortality factors acting on these leaf-miner populations, including competition, parasitism, and predation revealed no significant differences in these factors between mines separated by the mid-vein and those on the same side of the leaf. However, early leaf abscission, which kills the larvae present in the leaf, occurs significantly more frequently in cases where larvae are clustered on one leaf side. The reasons for this differential leaf abscission are not yet clear.

Electronic Resource

1432-1939

Leaf miner ; Stilbosis ; Oak trees ; Quercus geminata ; Mine distributions ; Abscission

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Summary Leaf-mining Stilbosis quadricustatella larvae are distributed non-randomly within leaves of their host plants, sand live oak (Quercus geminata) and water oak (Q. nigra), in north Florida. Fewer mines are found together on the same side of the mid-vein than separated, on opposite sides of the mid-vein. Larvae do not normally cross the mid-vein but create small blotch-like mines along subsidiary veins. Investigations of the usual mortality factors acting on these leaf-miner populations, including competition, parasitism, and predation, revealed no significant differences in these factors between mines separated by the mid-vein and those on the same side of the leaf. However, early leaf abscission, which kills the larvae present in the leaf, occurs significantly more frequently in cases where larvae are clustered on one leaf side. The reasons for this differential leaf abscission are not yet clear.

Electronic Resource

1573-1464

abundance ; bioindicators ; fish ; hybridization ; impact ; invasion models ; invasional meltdown ; invasions ; models ; nonindigenous species ; range

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract Although ecologists commonly talk about the impacts of nonindigenous species, little formal attention has been given to defining what we mean by impact, or connecting ecological theory with particular measures of impact. The resulting lack of generalizations regarding invasion impacts is more than an academic problem; we need to be able to distinguish invaders with minor effects from those with large effects in order to prioritize management efforts. This paper focuses on defining, evaluating, and comparing a variety of measures of impact drawn from empirical examples and theoretical reasoning. We begin by arguing that the total impact of an invader includes three fundamental dimensions: range, abundance, and the per-capita or per-biomass effect of the invader. Then we summarize previous approaches to measuring impact at different organizational levels, and suggest some new approaches. Reviewing mathematical models of impact, we argue that theoretical studies using community assembly models could act as a basis for better empirical studies and monitoring programs, as well as provide a clearer understanding of the relationship among different types of impact. We then discuss some of the particular challenges that come from the need to prioritize invasive species in a management or policy context. We end with recommendations about how the field of invasion biology might proceed in order to build a general framework for understanding and predicting impacts. In particular, we advocate studies designed to explore the correlations among different measures: Are the results of complex multivariate methods adequately captured by simple composite metrics such as species richness? How well are impacts on native populations correlated with impacts on ecosystem functions? Are there useful bioindicators for invasion impacts? To what extent does the impact of an invasive species depend on the system in which it is measured? Three approaches would provide new insights in this line of inquiry: (1) studies that measure impacts at multiple scales and multiple levels of organization, (2) studies that synthesize currently available data on different response variables, and (3) models designed to guide empirical work and explore generalities.

Electronic Resource

1572-9710

Achatina fulica ; biological control ; Euglandina rosea ; extinction ; introduced species ; non-indigenous species ; predation

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

The giant African snail, Achatina fulica, has been introduced to many parts of Asia as well as to numerous islands in the Indian and Pacific Ocean, and has recently reached the West Indies. It has been widely decried as a disaster to agricultural economies and a threat to human health, leading to a clamor for the introduction of biological control agents. In fact, the lasting impact on agriculture may not be severe, and the human health risk is probably minor. This snail can be an aesthetic atrocity and a nuisance in other ways, however. Wherever A. fulica has achieved high densities, it has subsequently undergone a striking decline. Although this decline has been attributed to introduced predators, there is little evidence for this hypothesis; instead, epizootic disease seems to be at least part of the cause. However, the introduced predators, especially a New World snail, Euglandina rosea, have wrought havoc with the native land snails of many islands. They have already caused many extinctions and will almost certainly cause others. This predator was introduced by government agencies in many areas despite warnings from competent biologists that the effects could be disastrous. Pressures for such actions may become overwhelming in the face of a highly visible invasion, despite policies that should mandate extreme caution.

Electronic Resource