Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:D. R. Ward)

2014-07-06

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

The objectives were (1) to determine and compare the content of 16 essential elements in fresh, boiled, steamed, and pasteurized crabmeat, and (2) to determine the effect of boiling, steaming, and pasteurizing on the retention of those elements. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used. The element content of each crabmeat product was compared statistically. Percentages of RDA's for the elements determined show that raw, boiled, steamed, and pasteurized crabmeat are excellent sources of Cu, P, Na, and Zn, and good sources of Ca, Fe, Mg, and K. Retention of elements in the processed samples ranged from 69–201%.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Equivalent processes were determined for the pasteurization of crabmeat, from the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), in cans and flexible pouches containing 113.5g, 227.0g, and 454.0g of product. F185 values were calculated for z values of 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22. Based on the heating characteristics of the traditional container used for pasteurized crabmeat (401 × 301), equivalent processes for nontraditional containers were determined.

Electronic Resource

0010-7565

General, Interdisciplinary

HISTORY

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of three processing methods currently used in the commercial processing of oysters on the concentration of 15 essential elements in oysters. The processing methods evaluated were: traditional hand shucking, steam tunnel, and retorting. Significant differences were observed in the retention of some of the essential elements as the result of processing.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

The issue of the sodium content of foods and the labeling of food products as to their sodium content has become the target for legislative debate. Oysters, processed by three methods currently employed within the oyster processing industry, were analyzed for sodium content using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Significant differences in the sodium levels were observed among the processes. Indications were that the variations observed were in part due to the viability of the mollusk during processing. The data indicate that it would be a significant problem for the oyster industry to declare in the label sodium content within a reasonable limit of certainty.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Crabmeat is processed commercially at 85°C and held at refrigeration temperatures in order to extend shelf life. It was the purpose of this investigation to examine both the anaerobic and aerobic microflora in crabmeat prior to pasteurization and after pasteurization and storage. Anaerobic bacteria from crabmeat were isolated, quantitated and identified using the VPI&SU anaerobic culture system. Unpasteurized crabmeat contained about lo6 to 107 anaerobes plus facultative aerobes /g and pasteurized crabmeat contained about 105 anaerobes plus facultative aerobes/g. After storage for 3 months at 3.3°C, counts increased to about 108 to 109/g. The majority of the isolates in both unpasteurized and pasteurized crabmeat were lactic acid producing, nonsporeforming, Gram positive rods. The lactic acid producing isolates from unpasteurized crabmeat produced hydrogen sulfide and grew at 37°C; however, after pasteurization, the isolates neither produced H2 S nor grew at 37°C. Heat resistance of the isolates was determined both in pH 7.20 phosphate. buffer and crabmeat homogenates (pH 7.26). Decimal reduction times in phosphate buffer at 55°C were about 2.5 mm for most isolates. No evidence was obtained that the isolates would survive pasteurization.

Electronic Resource

1434-6052

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract An analysis is presented of the production of jets in low-p t π ± p,k + p,pp collisions at 147 GeV/c collected at Fermilab in the rapid cycling hydrogen bubble chamber hybrid spectrometer. It is shown that selected events are more planar than predicted by a cylindrical phase space, but that 3-jet and 4-jet like structures seen in the momentum flows are reasonably reproduced by the cylindrical phase space events subjected to the same mathematical manipulation required to build momentum flows.

Electronic Resource

1434-6052

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract In an experiment with the 30-inch Hybrid Spectrometer at Fermilab we have obtained the inclusive and semi-inclusive production cross sections of the ϱ0 meson using a conventional background subtraction technique. Production cross sections for the ϱ0 are derived as a function of the Feynman scaling variablex, and the transverse variablesp t 2 andE t =(p t 2 +M 2)1/2. The longitudinal distributions are compared with the (1−x) dependence of the proton and meson valence quark structure functions, using various forms of recombination and fragmentation models. The transverse distributions are compared with thermodynamic models. We give density matrix elements for the ϱ0 production from pions in the extreme forward region.

Electronic Resource

1434-6052

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract We have studied the reactionspp→ppπ+π-,K + p→K + pπ +π−π, π+ p→ π+,pπ+π− and π− p →π+π− at 147 GeV/c using the 30-inch Fermilab hybrid system. All four reactions were detected with the same apparatus and analyzed in the same way. The energy dependence of the channel cross section was found to beAp −0.6+B for thepp reaction andAp −1+B for the other three. About 90% of the cross section at 147 GeV/c can be accounted for by either beam or target diffraction. Some of the remaining cross section may come from double Pomeron exchange reactions which we tried to isolate. We have tested the hypothesis of a factorizable Pomeron and our data indicates a violation of this hypothesis. We show that the 3π mass enhancement in the mass region 1.2–1.4 GeV is diffractively produced in the π± beam reactions. Fourprong, four-constraint and six-prong, four-constraint cross sections are reported.

Electronic Resource

1434-6052

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract Multiplicity distributions of charged particles produced in non single-diffractive collisions between protons and antiprotons at centre of mass energies of 200 and 900 GeV are presented. The data were recorded in the UA5 streamer chambers at the CERN Collider, which was operated in a pulsed mode between the two energies. A new method to correct for acceptance limitations and inefficiencies based on the principle of maximum entropy has been used. Multiplicity distributions in full phase space and in intervals of pseudorapidity are presented in tabular form. The violation of KNO scaling in full phase space found by the UA5 group at an energy of 546 GeV is confirmed also at 200 and 900 GeV. The shape of the 900 GeV distribution in full phase space is narrower in the peak region than at 200 GeV but exhibits a pronounced high multiplicity tail. The negative binomial distribution fits data at 200 GeV in all pseudorapidity intervals and in small intervals at 900 GeV. In large intervals at 900 GeV, however, the negative binomial distribution. Fits to the partially coherent laser distribution are also presented as well as comparisons with predictions of the Dual Parton, the Fritiof and the Pythia models.

Electronic Resource

1434-6052

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract We present data on photon production in non single-diffractivep $$\bar p$$ -collisions at c.m. energies of 200 and 900 GeV. Besides the general properties of photon production, i.e. pseudorapidity distribution and average multiplicity, we also investigate photon-charged two-particle pseudorapidity and multiplicity correlations. We find for the average number of photons in non single-diffractivep $$\bar p$$ -collisions 22.2±1.4±2.0 at 200 GeV and 41.4±2.1±3.5 at 900 GeV, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. The analysis of photon-charged particle multiplicity correlations reveals strong positive correlations between the average number of photons and the number of simultaneously produced charged particles, as expected from FNAL and ISR studies and from our result at 546 GeV. We obtain for the correlation slope 0.95±0.08±0.11 at 200 GeV and 1.09±0.09±0.13 at 900 GeV (first error is statistical and the second systematic). The investigation of photon-charged two-particle pseudorapidity correlations shows that these correlations are of short range and compatible with the observed charged two-particle pseudorapidity correlations. These correlations and the results for the average number of photons as a function of the produced number of charged particles favour the conclusion that photon sources other than π0 s contribute significantly to the observed photon yield in non single-diffractivep $$\bar p$$ -collisions. For example, if all photons are assumed to come from π0 s and η mesons, a η/π0 ratio of about 20% is inferred.

Electronic Resource

1434-6052

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract The ratio of hadronic π+/π− production has been studied in the target fragmentation region of π+ p, π− p,K + p andp p collisions at 147 GeV/c beam momentum. The difference between this ratio in the π+ p and π− p data is less than at lower energies but still present. No difference exists anymore for the π+/π− ratio at this energy betweenK + p andpp collisions. Exclusion of diffraction dissociation and resonance production does not change the main conclusions. The energy dependence of the ratio for π+ p and π− p collisions gives evidence for a universal asymptotic ratio for all beams. Thep t -dependence at low-p t is in agreement with the expectation from geometrical correlation of the valence quarks.

Electronic Resource

1434-6052

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Physics

Abstract The gross features of the data are reviewed and the momentum tensor components, 〈S〉, and 〈T〉 are studied. Evidence for coplanarity effects is observed. A probabilistic method to search for jets is proposed. The jets found by this method are seen to be similar to highp T jets frompp interactionse + e − annihilations andvp interactions. The effect of subtracting the leading particles and the effect of lowp T diffractive and non diffractive components are investigated.

Electronic Resource