Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:D. Murphy)

2018-06-14

Royal Society

2054-5703

Natural Sciences in General

mechanical engineering, biomechanics, biomedical engineering

2011-12-14

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

2018-02-08

American Physical Society (APS)

2160-3308

Physics

2018-02-15

The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

0099-2240

1098-5336

Biology

2018-11-09

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Geosciences

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Immunology, Medicine, Diseases

2012-01-28

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

2012-01-27

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

2018-07-06

American Physical Society (APS)

2160-3308

Physics

2016-05-14

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

2015-12-18

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Prostatectomy/economics/education/*methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms/economics/*surgery ; *Robotic Surgical Procedures/economics/education/methods

2018-04-03

The Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM)

0022-3123

Medicine

2018-01-04

Wiley-Blackwell

0148-0227

Geosciences

Physics

2018-05-18

BMJ Publishing

2044-6055

Medicine

Open access, Rheumatology, Rheumatology

1089-7674

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The use of moderate energy electron beams (e-beams) to generate plasma can provide greater control and larger area than existing techniques for processing applications. Kilovolt energy electrons have the ability to efficiently ionize low pressure neutral gas nearly independent of composition. This results in a low-temperature, high-density plasma of nearly controllable composition generated in the beam channel. By confining the electron beam magnetically the plasma generation region can be designated independent of surrounding structures. Particle fluxes to surfaces can then be controlled by the beam and gas parameters, system geometry, and the externally applied rf bias. The Large Area Plasma Processing System (LAPPS) utilizes a 1–5 kV, 2–10 mA/cm2 sheet beam of electrons to generate a 1011–1012 cm−3 density, 1 eV electron temperature plasma. Plasma sheets of up to 60×60 cm2 area have been generated in a variety of molecular and atomic gases using both pulsed and cw e-beam sources. The theoretical basis for the plasma production and decay is presented along with experiments measuring the plasma density, temperature, and potential. Particle fluxes to nearby surfaces are measured along with the effects of radio frequency biasing. The LAPPS source is found to generate large-area plasmas suitable for materials processing. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7674

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

An analysis is presented for the production of weakly ionized plasmas by electron beams, with an emphasis on the production of broad, planar plasmas capable of reflecting X-band microwaves. Considered first in the analysis is the ability of weakly ionized plasmas to absorb, emit and reflect electromagnetic radiation. Following that is a determination of the electron beam parameters needed to produce plasmas, based on considerations of beam ionization, range, and stability. The results of the analysis are then compared with a series of experiments performed using a sheet electron beam to produce plasmas up to 0.6 m square by 2 cm thick. The electron beam in the experiments was generated using a long hollow-cathode discharge operating in an enhanced-glow mode. That mode has only recently been recognized, and a brief analysis of it is given for completeness. The conclusion of the study is that electron beams can produce large-area, planar plasmas with high efficiency, minimal gas heating, low electron temperature, high uniformity, and high microwave reflectivity, as compared with plasmas produced by other sources. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7623

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

A multi-element segmented concentric Faraday collector has been developed for measuring the time evolution of the beam half-current radius (a1/2) of an intense relativistic electron beam. Each collector segment measures the total current within its radius. The data analysis procedure fits the data from all five segments at a given time to a prescribed beam profile and calculates a1/2 from the parameters of the fitted curves. The effect of beam centroid offsets on the data analysis was investigated numerically. Beam centroid offsets as large as half the beam radius produce only a 10% error in the experimental measurement of a1/2. The use of a thin graphite overlayer followed by range-thick stainless steel reduces scattering from one collector element to the next. The instrument has been used extensively on the SuperIBEX relativistic electron beam accelerator for measurement of the half-current radius as a function of time. Radius variations in excess of 4:1 have been measured over the duration of the beam pulse for beams with 5-MeV energy, 20-kA peak current and 1-cm final half-current radii.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Ta2O5 is a candidate for use in metal–oxide–metal (MOM) capacitors in several areas of silicon device technology. Understanding and controlling leakage current is critical for successful implementation of this material. We have studied thermal and photoconductive charge transport processes in Ta2O5 MOM capacitors fabricated by anodization, reactive sputtering, and chemical vapor deposition. We find that the results from each of these three methods are similar if one compares films that have the same thickness and electrodes. Two types of leakage current are identified: (a) a transient current that charges the bulk states of the films and (b) a steady state activated process involving electron transport via a defect band. The transient process involves either tunneling conductivity into states near the Fermi energy or ion motion. The steady state process, seen most commonly in films 〈300 Å thick, is dominated by a large number of defects, ∼1019–1020 cm−3, located near the metal–oxide interfaces. The interior of thick Ta2O5 films has a substantially reduced number of defects. Modest heating (300–400 °C) of Ta2O5 in contact with a reactive metal electrode such as Al, Ti, or Ta results in interfacial reactions and the diffusion of defects across the thickness of the film. These experiments show that successful integration of Ta2O5 into semiconductor processing requires a better understanding of the impact of defects on the electrical characteristics and a better control of the metal–Ta2O5 interface. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1089-7623

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

A compact, four-way, optical image splitter is described which maintains equal intensity and equal optical path length in each arm of the apparatus. The four output beams are parallel with the input light beam.

Electronic Resource

1525-1438

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

This work compares glutathione levels, glutathione S-transferase activities and isoenzyme expression, metallothionein levels and P-glycoprotein expression in normal ovaries, and in epithelial ovarian tumor biopsies from patients prior to chemotherapy or following relapse. These parameters have been implicated as determinants of response to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Large differences were found between normal ovary and ovarian tumors, but no significant differences were observed between tumors taken before or after cytotoxic chemotherapy. These data do not support a role for these biochemical parameters in the decreased response seen in patients with recurrent or progressive disease.

Electronic Resource

1525-1438

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Carcinosarcomas (previously termed malignant mixed Müllerian tumors) are highly malignant but rare tumors of the ovary. Most patients have been treated according to a wide variety of protocols for soft tissue sarcoma or for epithelial ovarian carcinoma and as a result the optimal treatment for this neoplasm is unknown. We describe here 20 patients with this ovarian tumor (15 with heterologous sarcomatous elements and five with homologous sarcomatous elements) referred to our institute. Five patients were treated with surgery alone, two patients with chemotherapy alone and 13 patients with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. A variety of chemotherapeutic regimens were used reflecting the 10-year time span it took to accrue these patients. Forty-five per cent of all patients died within 1 year of initial surgery and there was a median survival of 14 months. Two patients achieved a complete remission following treatment with 10 cycles of intravenous cyclophosphamide and are still alive at 103 and 106 months follow-up. We suggest that a chemotherapy regimen combining cyclophosphamide and a platinum analog may be useful for the management of patients with carcinosarcoma of the ovary requiring further therapy following surgery.

Electronic Resource