Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:D. Lees)

Showing 1 - 20 results of 29, query time: 0.28s Refine Results
  1. 1
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2018-05-15
    Publisher:
    MDPI Publishing
    Print ISSN:
    1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN:
    1660-4601
    Topics:
    Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Medicine
    Published by:
    http://www.mdpi.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  2. 2
    C. R. Webster ; P. R. Mahaffy ; G. J. Flesch ; P. B. Niles ; J. H. Jones ; L. A. Leshin ; S. K. Atreya ; J. C. Stern ; L. E. Christensen ; T. Owen ; H. Franz ; R. O. Pepin ; A. Steele ; C. Achilles ; C. Agard ; J. A. Alves Verdasca ; R. Anderson ; D. Archer ; C. Armiens-Aparicio ; R. Arvidson ; E. Atlaskin ; A. Aubrey ; B. Baker ; M. Baker ; T. Balic-Zunic ; D. Baratoux ; J. Baroukh ; B. Barraclough ; K. Bean ; L. Beegle ; A. Behar ; J. Bell ; S. Bender ; M. Benna ; J. Bentz ; G. Berger ; J. Berger ; D. Berman ; D. Bish ; D. F. Blake ; J. J. Blanco Avalos ; D. Blaney ; J. Blank ; H. Blau ; L. Bleacher ; E. Boehm ; O. Botta ; S. Bottcher ; T. Boucher ; H. Bower ; N. Boyd ; B. Boynton ; E. Breves ; J. Bridges ; N. Bridges ; W. Brinckerhoff ; D. Brinza ; T. Bristow ; C. Brunet ; A. Brunner ; W. Brunner ; A. Buch ; M. Bullock ; S. Burmeister ; M. Cabane ; F. Calef ; J. Cameron ; J. Campbell ; B. Cantor ; M. Caplinger ; J. Caride Rodriguez ; M. Carmosino ; I. Carrasco Blazquez ; A. Charpentier ; S. Chipera ; D. Choi ; B. Clark ; S. Clegg ; T. Cleghorn ; E. Cloutis ; G. Cody ; P. Coll ; P. Conrad ; D. Coscia ; A. Cousin ; D. Cremers ; J. Crisp ; A. Cros ; F. Cucinotta ; C. d'Uston ; S. Davis ; M. Day ; M. de la Torre Juarez ; L. DeFlores ; D. DeLapp ; J. DeMarines ; D. DesMarais ; W. Dietrich ; R. Dingler ; C. Donny ; B. Downs ; D. Drake ; G. Dromart ; A. Dupont ; B. Duston ; J. Dworkin ; M. D. Dyar ; L. Edgar ; K. Edgett ; C. Edwards ; L. Edwards ; B. Ehlmann ; B. Ehresmann ; J. Eigenbrode ; B. Elliott ; H. Elliott ; R. Ewing ; C. Fabre ; A. Fairen ; K. Farley ; J. Farmer ; C. Fassett ; L. Favot ; D. Fay ; F. Fedosov ; J. Feldman ; S. Feldman ; M. Fisk ; M. Fitzgibbon ; M. Floyd ; L. Fluckiger ; O. Forni ; A. Fraeman ; R. Francis ; P. Francois ; C. Freissinet ; K. L. French ; J. Frydenvang ; A. Gaboriaud ; M. Gailhanou ; J. Garvin ; O. Gasnault ; C. Geffroy ; R. Gellert ; M. Genzer ; D. Glavin ; A. Godber ; F. Goesmann ; W. Goetz ; D. Golovin ; F. Gomez Gomez ; J. Gomez-Elvira ; B. Gondet ; S. Gordon ; S. Gorevan ; J. Grant ; J. Griffes ; D. Grinspoon ; J. Grotzinger ; P. Guillemot ; J. Guo ; S. Gupta ; S. Guzewich ; R. Haberle ; D. Halleaux ; B. Hallet ; V. Hamilton ; C. Hardgrove ; D. Harker ; D. Harpold ; A. M. Harri ; K. Harshman ; D. Hassler ; H. Haukka ; A. Hayes ; K. Herkenhoff ; P. Herrera ; S. Hettrich ; E. Heydari ; V. Hipkin ; T. Hoehler ; J. Hollingsworth ; J. Hudgins ; W. Huntress ; J. Hurowitz ; S. Hviid ; K. Iagnemma ; S. Indyk ; G. Israel ; R. Jackson ; S. Jacob ; B. Jakosky ; E. Jensen ; J. K. Jensen ; J. Johnson ; M. Johnson ; S. Johnstone ; A. Jones ; J. Joseph ; I. Jun ; L. Kah ; H. Kahanpaa ; M. Kahre ; N. Karpushkina ; W. Kasprzak ; J. Kauhanen ; L. Keely ; O. Kemppinen ; D. Keymeulen ; M. H. Kim ; K. Kinch ; P. King ; L. Kirkland ; G. Kocurek ; A. Koefoed ; J. Kohler ; O. Kortmann ; A. Kozyrev ; J. Krezoski ; D. Krysak ; R. Kuzmin ; J. L. Lacour ; V. Lafaille ; Y. Langevin ; N. Lanza ; J. Lasue ; S. Le Mouelic ; E. M. Lee ; Q. M. Lee ; D. Lees ; M. Lefavor ; M. Lemmon ; A. Lepinette Malvitte ; R. Leveille ; E. Lewin-Carpintier ; K. Lewis ; S. Li ; L. Lipkaman ; C. Little ; M. Litvak ; E. Lorigny ; G. Lugmair ; A. Lundberg ; E. Lyness ; M. Madsen ; J. Maki ; A. Malakhov ; C. Malespin ; M. Malin ; N. Mangold ; G. Manhes ; H. Manning ; G. Marchand ; M. Marin Jimenez ; C. Martin Garcia ; D. Martin ; M. Martin ; J. Martinez-Frias ; J. Martin-Soler ; F. J. Martin-Torres ; P. Mauchien ; S. Maurice ; A. McAdam ; E. McCartney ; T. McConnochie ; E. McCullough ; I. McEwan ; C. McKay ; S. McLennan ; S. McNair ; N. Melikechi ; P. Y. Meslin ; M. Meyer ; A. Mezzacappa ; H. Miller ; K. Miller ; R. Milliken ; D. Ming ; M. Minitti ; M. Mischna ; I. Mitrofanov ; J. Moersch ; M. Mokrousov ; A. Molina Jurado ; J. Moores ; L. Mora-Sotomayor ; J. M. Morookian ; R. Morris ; S. Morrison ; R. Mueller-Mellin ; J. P. Muller ; G. Munoz Caro ; M. Nachon ; S. Navarro Lopez ; R. Navarro-Gonzalez ; K. Nealson ; A. Nefian ; T. Nelson ; M. Newcombe ; C. Newman ; H. Newsom ; S. Nikiforov ; B. Nixon ; E. Noe Dobrea ; T. Nolan ; D. Oehler ; A. Ollila ; T. Olson ; M. A. de Pablo Hernandez ; A. Paillet ; E. Pallier ; M. Palucis ; T. Parker ; Y. Parot ; K. Patel ; M. Paton ; G. Paulsen ; A. Pavlov ; B. Pavri ; V. Peinado-Gonzalez ; L. Peret ; R. Perez ; G. Perrett ; J. Peterson ; C. Pilorget ; P. Pinet ; J. Pla-Garcia ; I. Plante ; F. Poitrasson ; J. Polkko ; R. Popa ; L. Posiolova ; A. Posner ; I. Pradler ; B. Prats ; V. Prokhorov ; S. W. Purdy ; E. Raaen ; L. Radziemski ; S. Rafkin ; M. Ramos ; E. Rampe ; F. Raulin ; M. Ravine ; G. Reitz ; N. Renno ; M. Rice ; M. Richardson ; F. Robert ; K. Robertson ; J. A. Rodriguez Manfredi ; J. J. Romeral-Planello ; S. Rowland ; D. Rubin ; M. Saccoccio ; A. Salamon ; J. Sandoval ; A. Sanin ; S. A. Sans Fuentes ; L. Saper ; P. Sarrazin ; V. Sautter ; H. Savijarvi ; J. Schieber ; M. Schmidt ; W. Schmidt ; D. Scholes ; M. Schoppers ; S. Schroder ; S. Schwenzer ; E. Sebastian Martinez ; A. Sengstacken ; R. Shterts ; K. Siebach ; T. Siili ; J. Simmonds ; J. B. Sirven ; S. Slavney ; R. Sletten ; M. Smith ; P. Sobron Sanchez ; N. Spanovich ; J. Spray ; S. Squyres ; K. Stack ; F. Stalport ; T. Stein ; N. Stewart ; S. L. Stipp ; K. Stoiber ; E. Stolper ; B. Sucharski ; R. Sullivan ; R. Summons ; D. Sumner ; V. Sun ; K. Supulver ; B. Sutter ; C. Szopa ; F. Tan ; C. Tate ; S. Teinturier ; I. ten Kate ; P. Thomas ; L. Thompson ; R. Tokar ; M. Toplis ; J. Torres Redondo ; M. Trainer ; A. Treiman ; V. Tretyakov ; R. Urqui-O'Callaghan ; J. Van Beek ; T. Van Beek ; S. VanBommel ; D. Vaniman ; A. Varenikov ; A. Vasavada ; P. Vasconcelos ; E. Vicenzi ; A. Vostrukhin ; M. Voytek ; M. Wadhwa ; J. Ward ; E. Weigle ; D. Wellington ; F. Westall ; R. C. Wiens ; M. B. Wilhelm ; A. Williams ; J. Williams ; R. Williams ; R. B. Williams ; M. Wilson ; R. Wimmer-Schweingruber ; M. Wolff ; M. Wong ; J. Wray ; M. Wu ; C. Yana ; A. Yen ; A. Yingst ; C. Zeitlin ; R. Zimdar ; M. P. Zorzano Mier
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Published 2013
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2013-07-23
    Publisher:
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Print ISSN:
    0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN:
    1095-9203
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Computer Science
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Published by:
    http://www.aaas.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  3. 3
    Gumming, G. P. ; Bramwell, S. P. ; Lees, D. A. R.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Published 1997
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1471-0528
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb10662.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  4. 4
    Lees, D. H. ; Paine, C. G.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Published 1958
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1471-0528
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1958.tb08860.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  5. 5
    Ong, Stephen ; Russell Lees, D. A.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Published 1997
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1471-0528
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb10986.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  6. 6
    LEES, D. H. ; FRANCIS, F. J.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Published 1971
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1750-3841
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes:
    SUMMARY –A qualitative technique for the determination of the individual flavonol pigments of cranberries was developed, based on cellulose thin-layer chromatography. The method was such that it was suitable for quantitative use by removing the pigment spots and measurement of the selected pigments by spectrophotometry. A quantitative technique for total flavonols, expressed as quercetin, based on spectrophotometry at 374 nm was developed. Total flavonols and total anthocyanins can be determined on the same extract.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1971.tb03345.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  7. 7
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1065-6995
    Source:
    Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics:
    Biology
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cbir.1994.1015

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  8. 8
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    0014-4827
    Source:
    Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics:
    Biology
    Medicine
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/excr.1994.1034

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  9. 9
    Trave, G. ; Lees, D. ; Liautard, J.-P. ; Sri Widada, J.

    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    0014-5793
    Keywords:
    Annexin 1 ; Phospholipase A"2 inhibition ; Site-directed mutagenesis
    Source:
    Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Physics
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(91)81146-Y

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  10. 10
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    0014-5793
    Keywords:
    IL-6 ; IL-6 receptor ; Multiple mycloma
    Source:
    Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Physics
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(92)80278-O

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  11. 11
    Travo, P. ; Lees, D. ; Bodin, P. ; Pugnere, D. ; Castel, A. ; Papin, S.

    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    0248-4900
    Source:
    Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics:
    Biology
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0248-4900(91)90191-O

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  12. 12
    Fernald, A. ; Kermanschachi, N. ; Lees, D.

    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    0163-6383
    Source:
    Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics:
    Psychology
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0163-6383(84)80176-9

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  13. 13
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Source:
    Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Notes:
    [Auszug] Introduction The basic conditions which must be established before a thermonuclear reactor is possible are, first, the containment of a high-temperature gas so that it is isolated from the walls of the surrounding vessel, and second, the attainment of temperatures sufficiently high for nuclear ...
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/181217a0

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  14. 14
    CREED, E. R. ; LEES, D. R. ; DUCKETT, J. G.

    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Published 1973
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Source:
    Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Notes:
    [Auszug] Atmospheric pollution has a deleterious effect on much living matter and this may be cumulative2. A study of living matter may therefore give an indication of the pollution levels to which an area has been subjected in the recent past. Although effects are seen in animals as well as in plants, the ...
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/244278a0

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  15. 15
    Cropper, L. M. ; Lees, D. N. ; Patt, R. ; Sharp, I. R. ; Brown, D.
    Springer
    Published 1992
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-8798
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Summary To differentiate between B virus and HSV isolates from monkeys and man monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced to herpesvirus simiae (B virus) and herpes simplex type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). Mabs were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) for reactivity against herpesviruses from Asiatic monkeys (B virus), African monkeys (SA 8 virus), and man (HSV-1, HSV-2, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus). Mabs could be divided into groups A-E displaying specific reactivity for B virus (A); reactivity with both B virus and SA 8 but not HSV (B); reactivity with B virus, SA 8 virus and HSV strains (C); specific reactivity with HSV-1 (D); and specific reactivity with HSV-2 (E). Two of the B virus specific mabs were able to differentiate between cynomolgus and rhesus strains of B virus. None of the mabs reacted with human varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, or Epstein-Barr virus. A panel of mabs for the unequivocal identification of B virus isolates from monkey or man is proposed.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01317263

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  16. 16
    Skeldon, M. ; Calvert, J. M. ; Lees, D. G.
    Springer
    Published 1987
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1573-4889
    Keywords:
    Oxygen-18 diffusion ; Cr2O3 scales ; growth mechanism ; chromium oxidation
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes:
    Abstract The growth mechanism of Cr2O3 scale formed when pure chromium was oxidized at 950°C in oxygen at 1 atm pressure has been investigated. Isotope tracer techniques were used to determine the growth sites of the oxide. The scale was buckled extensively, with the convex side always toward the gas, never the reverse. The following growth-mechanism is proposed. Initially growth occurs entirely by cation diffusion, with new oxide being formed at the oxide-gas interface. Then, at a time that is not the same for all parts of the scale, the growth mechanism changes to one in which new oxide is formed within the outer part of the scale.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00666474

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  17. 17
    Lees, D. G.
    Springer
    Published 1987
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1573-4889
    Keywords:
    oxidation ; adhesion ; growth-mechanisms ; impurities ; sulfur
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes:
    Abstract The “sulfur effect” theory proposes that elements such as sulfur segregate to the scale-metal interface, where they have a deleterious effect on scale-metal adhesion, and that reactive elements and dispersions of their oxides are beneficial because they prevent this segregation. Evidence in favor of this theory has been obtained by showing that the adhesion of the scale formed on chromium in 0.1 atm. oxygen at 950°C. is greatly improved if the chromium is annealed beforehand in hydrogen instead of in vacuo. It is shown that the theory can explain not only all the experimental observations regarding the beneficial effects of reactive elements and their oxides on scale-metal adhesion, but also their effects on scale growth-mechanisms.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00656731

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  18. 18
    Lees, D. G. ; Johnson, D.
    Springer
    Published 1992
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1573-4889
    Keywords:
    coatings ; reactive elements ; adhesion ; growth mechanisms ; hot corrosion ; SIMS
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes:
    Abstract A CoNiCrAlY overlay coating and its oxidation behavior have been studied by means of imaging SIMS. Maps of the coating and scale showed a highly uneven yttrium distribution which arose at least partly during the deposition of the coating. The implications of this for the resistance of the coating to oxidation and hot corrosion are discussed. There was no evidence of yttrium build-up at the scale/metal interface. The yttrium maps show the power of imaging SIMS for studying the distribution of elements which are present in very low concentrations. A preliminary experiment using18O− as a tracer showed that the scale grew primarily at the scale/metal interface.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00666912

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  19. 19
    Qi, H. B. ; Lees, D. G.
    Springer
    Published 2000
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1573-4889
    Keywords:
    oxidation ; chromia ; alumina ; thin oxide films ; reactive element
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes:
    Abstract In order to study the effects on oxidation behavior of changing thecomposition of oxide scales without changing the composition of theunderlying alloys, thin films, which contained various amounts of Y2O3,Cr2O3, or Al2O3 have been deposited on Fe–25%Cr andFe–25%Cr–5%Al prior to oxidation. There were major differencesbetween the (Fe–25%Cr)–(Cr2O3–Y2O3) and(Fe–25%Cr–5%Al)–(Al2O3–Y2O3) systems. A film ofCr2O3 on Fe–25%Cr reduced the oxidation rate and Cr2O3–Y2O3films reduced it still further. A film of Al2O3 onFe–25%Cr–5%Al reduced the rate considerably, butAl2O3–Y2O3 films exhibited rates that were greater than those forAl2O3 alone. A film, which consisted entirely of Y2O3, greatly decreasedthe oxidation rate of Fe–25%Cr, but increased that ofFe–25%Cr–5%Al. The changes in oxidation rate produced byY2O3 in the (Fe–25%Cr)–(Cr2O3–Y2O3) system weremuch greater than those produced in the(Fe–25%Cr–5%Al)–(Al2O3–Y2O3) system. As far asoxidation rate is concerned, the optimum amount of Y2O3 in the(Fe–25%Cr)–(Cr2O3–Y2O3) system was found to begreater than or equal to 40% and less than 100%; in theFe–25%Cr–5%Al)–(Al2O3–Y2O3) systemit was approximately 10%. In thermal-cycling tests, the resultsfor the (Fe–25%Cr)–(Cr2O3–Y2O3) system followedthe same pattern as that for the isothermal tests; a film of Y2O3reduced the oxidation rate and a film of Cr2O3–33%Y2O3reduced it still further.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004633026323

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  20. 20
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1573-4889
    Keywords:
    corrosion mechanism ; carbon dioxide ; oxygen-18 ; iron-9% Cr alloys
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes:
    Abstract Oxide layers have been grown on Fe-9% Cr, Fe-9% Cr-0.3% Si, and Fe 9% Cr-0.6% Si alloys in carbon dioxide at 853 °K. It is known that such oxides are duplex, the outer layer being magnetite, formed by iron transport. The inner layer is Fe-Cr spinel but little is known about its growth mechanism so this has been investigated using oxygen-18 as a tracer. Oxides were grown first in C16O2 and then in C18O2 and the distribution of oxygen-18 in the scale measured using nuclear techniques. For all the alloys used, significant amounts of oxygen-18 were observed within the inner layer in addition to growth of18O-rich magnetite at the outer surface. The two possibilities of the oxygen-18 being present as a consequence of isotopic exchange or because new oxide had formed within the spinel layer are discussed. Our conclusion is that it is very unlikely that significant isotopic exchange had occurred in any part of the scale, and we deduce that at least a substantial amount of the oxygen-18 in the inner layer was deposited as a result of new oxide formation within that layer. The results also indicate that the location of growth sites within the inner layer differed between the alloys.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00603476

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses