Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:D. Craven)
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1Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressF. Isbell ; D. Craven ; J. Connolly ; M. Loreau ; B. Schmid ; C. Beierkuhnlein ; T. M. Bezemer ; C. Bonin ; H. Bruelheide ; E. de Luca ; A. Ebeling ; J. N. Griffin ; Q. Guo ; Y. Hautier ; A. Hector ; A. Jentsch ; J. Kreyling ; V. Lanta ; P. Manning ; S. T. Meyer ; A. S. Mori ; S. Naeem ; P. A. Niklaus ; H. W. Polley ; P. B. Reich ; C. Roscher ; E. W. Seabloom ; M. D. Smith ; M. P. Thakur ; D. Tilman ; B. F. Tracy ; W. H. van der Putten ; J. van Ruijven ; A. Weigelt ; W. W. Weisser ; B. Wilsey ; N. Eisenhauer
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Published 2015Staff ViewPublication Date: 2015-10-16Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: *Biodiversity ; *Climate ; Climate Change/statistics & numerical data ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Disasters/statistics & numerical data ; Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; Grassland ; Human Activities ; *Plant Physiological PhenomenaPublished by: -
2Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressL. Poorter ; F. Bongers ; T. M. Aide ; A. M. Almeyda Zambrano ; P. Balvanera ; J. M. Becknell ; V. Boukili ; P. H. Brancalion ; E. N. Broadbent ; R. L. Chazdon ; D. Craven ; J. S. de Almeida-Cortez ; G. A. Cabral ; B. H. de Jong ; J. S. Denslow ; D. H. Dent ; S. J. DeWalt ; J. M. Dupuy ; S. M. Duran ; M. M. Espirito-Santo ; M. C. Fandino ; R. G. Cesar ; J. S. Hall ; J. L. Hernandez-Stefanoni ; C. C. Jakovac ; A. B. Junqueira ; D. Kennard ; S. G. Letcher ; J. C. Licona ; M. Lohbeck ; E. Marin-Spiotta ; M. Martinez-Ramos ; P. Massoca ; J. A. Meave ; R. Mesquita ; F. Mora ; R. Munoz ; R. Muscarella ; Y. R. Nunes ; S. Ochoa-Gaona ; A. A. de Oliveira ; E. Orihuela-Belmonte ; M. Pena-Claros ; E. A. Perez-Garcia ; D. Piotto ; J. S. Powers ; J. Rodriguez-Velazquez ; I. E. Romero-Perez ; J. Ruiz ; J. G. Saldarriaga ; A. Sanchez-Azofeifa ; N. B. Schwartz ; M. K. Steininger ; N. G. Swenson ; M. Toledo ; M. Uriarte ; M. van Breugel ; H. van der Wal ; M. D. Veloso ; H. F. Vester ; A. Vicentini ; I. C. Vieira ; T. V. Bentos ; G. B. Williamson ; D. M. Rozendaal
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Published 2016Staff ViewPublication Date: 2016-02-04Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: *Biomass ; Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Sequestration ; Ecology ; *Forests ; Humidity ; Latin America ; Rain ; Time Factors ; Trees/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Tropical ClimatePublished by: -
3Articles: DFG German National LicensesBroughton Pipkin, F. ; Oats, J. J. N. ; Hunter, J. C. ; Craven, D. J. ; Symonds, E. M.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1979Staff ViewISSN: 1471-0528Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Plasma renin and angiotensin II levels were measured in nine patients immediately before and at half-hourly intervals in the four hours following therapeutic termination of pregnancy. There was a small fall in renin and angiotensin II levels over the first 1 to 2 hours, followed by a slight increase. The magnitude of these effects was much smaller than those previously seen following normal delivery. It is concluded that in early pregnancy maternal, rather than feto-placental, factors are controlling the renin-angiotensin system.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
4Articles: DFG German National LicensesCraven, D. J. ; Khattab, T. Y. ; Symonds, E. M.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1976Staff ViewISSN: 1471-0528Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Amniotic fluid lecithin has been measured during the antenatal period and at comparable periods of gestation at the onset of spontaneous labour. Lecithin values were higher in labour, the difference being statistically significant in two of the three groups studied. Lecithin values were also measured serially during induced labour in 14 normal women at term. A significant fall was observed throughout labour. Creatinine levels were measured in the amniotic fluid in five of these patients and showed no significant change.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
5Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1471-0528Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Summary. Myometrium, decidua, chorio-decidua and amnion were collected from women undergoing caesarean section and from pregnant women at hysterectomy and hysterotomy for comparison with myometrium, cervix and endometrium taken from non-pregnant women at hysterectomy. Homogenates of chorio-decidua and amnion contained the largest concentrations of active and inactive renin. Cultured explants of all tissues except amnion were found to produce both types of renin. The percentage of active renin produced before 20 days of culture was significantly greater in cultures of chorio-decidua than in those of myometrium (P 〈 0,0005) or decidua Vera (P〈 0.029, which suggests that renin synthesis in vivo is probably confined to the chorio-decidua.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
6Articles: DFG German National LicensesOats, J. N. ; Pipkin, Fiona Broughton ; Symonds, E. M. ; Craven, D. J.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1981Staff ViewISSN: 1471-0528Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has been measured prospectively throughout pregnancy, at delivery and in the puerperium in 18 normotensive primi-gravidae and their infants. Plasma ACE was consistently lower during pregnancy than in comparable, non-pregnant controls, but rose progressively from about 30 weeks to term. At vaginal delivery maternal and fetal ACE levels did not differ significantly. There was a steady increase in maternal ACE activity up to 6 weeks post partum, when the levels were not significantly different from non-pregnant controls. No correlation could be found between plasma ACE and plasma renin activity or concentration, or plasma AIL Plasma aldosterone increased in parallel with ACE during the last ten weeks of pregnancy.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
7Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1471-0528Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Serial measurements of plasma renin and plasma aldosterone were made throughout pregnancy in two women with adrenal insufficiency. The values were compared with levels obtained in eight normal primigravidae. Aldosterone levels were low or undetectable in adrenal insufficiency and plasma renin levels were grossly elevated in one patient with adrenal insufficiency but within the normal range in the other.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
8Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1471-0528Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Summary. Blood samples were obtained by fetoscopy from 30 fetuses in the middle trimester of pregnancy. The results indicate that high concentrations of renin and relatively low levels of renin substrate are present in the fetus early in pregnancy. These values are similar to those previously demonstrated in the full-term fetus.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
9Articles: DFG German National LicensesShaughn O'Brien, P. M. ; Craven, D. ; Selby, C. ; Symonds, E. M.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1979Staff ViewISSN: 1471-0528Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Spironolactone was given to 28 women in a double blind cross over trial during four menstrual cycles. Hormonal profiles were measured during the first two cycles. Plasma aldosterone was elevated in the premenstrual phase of the cycles but there was no significant difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. The rise in serum progesterone was higher in the symptomatic group during the postovulatory phase. The administration of spironolactone reduced weight and relieved psychological symptoms in more than 80 per cent of the symptomatic group.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
10Articles: DFG German National LicensesSymonds, E. M. ; Pipkin, F. Rroughton ; Craven, D. J.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1975Staff ViewISSN: 1471-0528Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Plasma renin concentration, renin activity and angiotensin II (AII) have been studied in 35 primigravidae at or near term immediately prior to surgical induction of labour. A highly significant positive correlation was established between diastolic blood pressure at the time of sample collection and plasma AII. This relationship was observed over the range of diastolic pressure studied irrespective of the diagnosis made at the time of admission to hospital. In patients with hypertension, a significant negative relationship was established between plasma renin concentration and renin activity and AII. Furthermore, plasma AII levels were higher for a given plasma renin activity or plasma renin concentration in the hypertensive women than in the normotensive group. These findings suggest that the renin-angiotensin system is actively involved in hypertensive disease of pregnancy and that suppressed levels of renin concentration and activity may result from elevated angiotensin levels. It is suggested that the utero-placental complex may be the source of the elevated AII levels.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
11Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 0006-291XSource: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyPhysicsType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
12Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1793Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Abstract A technique for measuring rates of RNA and DNA synthesis in sedimentary microbial communities has been adapted from methods developed for marine and freshwater microplankton research. The procedure measures the uptake, incorporation and turnover of exogenous [2, 3H]-adenine by benthic microbial populations. With minor modification, it is applicable to a wide range of sediment types. Measurement of nucleic acid synthesis rates are reported from selected benthic marine environments, including coral reef sediments (Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii), intertidal beach sands (Oahu and southern California) and California borderland basin sediment (San Pedro Basin), and comparisons are made to selected water-column microbial communities. Biomass-specific rates of nucleic acid synthesis in sediment microbial communities were comparable to those observed in water-column assemblages (i.e., 0.02 to 2.0 pmol deoxyadenine incorporated into DNA [ng ATP]-1 h-1 and 0.2 to 8.9 pmol adenine incorporated into RNA [ng ATP]-1 h-1). DNA synthesis rates were used to calculate carbon production estimates ranging from 2 μg C cm-3 h-1 in San Pedro Basin sediment (880 m water depth) to 807 μg C cm-3 h-1 in coral reef sediment from the Kaneohe Bay. Microbial community specific growth rate, μ(d-1), estimated from DNA synthesis rates in surface sediments ranged from 0.1 in San Pedro Basin to 4.2 in Scripps Beach (La Jolla, California) intertidal sand.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
13Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1238Keywords: Nosocomial pneumonia ; Mechanical ventilation ; Gastric colonization ; Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli ; Respiratory therapy equipmentSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract Elderly, debilitated, or critically ill patients are at high risk for hospital acquired or nosocomial respiratory tract infection. Gram-negative bacilli,Staphylococcus aureus, and anaerobes colonizing the oropharynx are the most frequent etiologic agents. Colonization of the oropharynx may be related to the patient's age, underlying disease, nutritional status, prior exposure to antibiotics, supine position, and gastric colonization. Nosocomial pathogens may also be acquired from the hands of hospital personnel, contaminated equipment or fluids. The absence of sensitive and specific methods for accurate diagnosis remain a concern. Despite treatment with appropriate antimicrobial therapy, there is a high mortality and morbidity. Measures for the prevention of nosocomial pneumonia should include compliance with infection control principles, appropriate use of antibiotics, proper patient position, and removal of potential sources of cross colonization.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
14Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1238Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
15Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1793Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Abstract Sea surface microlayer (film) and subsurface microbial populations (biomass and activities) were studied in the Damariscotta (Maine) estuary in May and September, 1987. Dissolved free and combined amino acids (DFAA, DCAA), bacterial numbers, microbial ATP, bacterial and microbial DNA synthesis (via3H-thymidine and3H-adenine), and amino acid (3H-glutamic acid) metabolism were measured. DFAA and DCAA were typically enriched in the surface microlayers relative to surface waters, although utilization of glutamic acid was usually more rapid in subsurface waters, as was incorporation of thymidine. Bacteria represented 12 to 40% of the microbial biomass as determined by ATP, except during microalgal blooms in the microlayer. Bacteria were generally not enriched in the surface films, although ATP usually was enriched. Rain input appeared to deplete population densities but stimulated population activities. Two stations which contained similar microbial populations (as estimated by bacterial counts, chlorophylla and ATP) showed very different microbial activities, apparently due to the effects of a substantial rainstorm on one of the stations. The bacterially-dominated processes utilizing thymidine and glutamic acid were enhanced approx five-fold after the rain. Autotrophic carbon production increased approx two-fold, while total microbal community DNA synthesis (as estimated by adenine incorporation into DNA) increased nearly tenfold. The observations of this study indicate that surface microlayers in the temperate waters off the coast of Maine contain highly active heterotrophic and autotrophic populations. The microbial community responds rapidly to changes in nutrient and dissolved organic matter concentrations resulting from both seasonal and temporal effects, including rain and runoff.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
16Articles: DFG German National LicensesSurface-film microbial populations: diel amino acid metabolism, carbon utilization, and growth ratesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1793Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Abstract Microheterotrophic dissolved free amino acid (DFAA) utilization, and microbial community and bacterial community carbon production and growth were studied using 3H-labeled organics as tracers in marine surface-film and subsurface (10 cm) waters off Baja California in November 1983. DFAA utilization was generally more rapid during the day (0.14 to 0.38 nM h-1) than at night (0.04 to 0.14 nM h-1) in surface-film and subsurface waters, but the percent of utilized amino acid which was respired was always greater during the night (22 to 57%) compared to the day (14 to 18%). Utilization of DFAA-carbon was estimated to range from 0.3 to 5.3 μg C l-1 d-1 for all stations studied. In six of the 8 samples examined, the percentage of microbial carbon accounted for by the bacterial component of the population (1.4 to 5.9%) was strikingly similar to the percentage of microbial carbon production accounted for by bacterial carbon production (1.9 to 5.1%). In all of these six samples, total microbial specific-growth rates and bacterial specific-growth rates were approximately equivalent (0.9 to 2.2 d-1 for the microbial community; 0.7 to 1.9 d-1 for bacteria). The two exceptions were samples apparently influenced by transient flagellate populations migrating into the surface or subsurface waters at night. These observations support the conclusion that surface films contain unique and highly active microbial populations.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
17Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1432-1793Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: BiologyNotes: Abstract Rates of microheterotrophic utilization (incorporation+respiration) of 3H-leucine and 3H-glutamic acid were measured in seawater surface films from oligotrophic, eutrophic and mesotrophic waters incubated in situ off Baja California in July 1981 and off Southern California in November 1982. Neither visible nor ultraviolet radiation had a marked detrimental effect on microbial heterotrophy, although solar radiation sometimes appeared to be stimulatory. Film microheterotrophs utilized glutamic acid at rates between 0.07 and 0.13 nM h-1 for oligotrophic waters and between 0.43 and 2.1 nM h-1 for eutrophic waters; the respective turnover times ranged between 101 and 313 h and between 8.6 and 21.5 h. Film microheterotrophs from oligotrophic waters utilized leucine at rates comparable to those observed for glutamic acid, but turnover times were shorter. Leucine metabolism rates of film microheterotrophs in eutrophic waters were slower than glutamic acid rates, but turnover times were similar. Naturally varying amino acid concentrations accounted, in part, for differences in turnover times. In oligotrophic waters, higher utilization rates were observed for surface-film microheterotrophs than for subsurface (10 cm) microheterotrophs, whereas in eutrophic waters, utilization rates were similar for surface-film microheterotrophs and subsurface microheterotrophs. Surface-film microheterotrophs, in most cases, had an average of 63% amino acid carbon assimilation efficiency, similar to euphotic-zone heterotrophs. Surface-film microheterotrophs are actively involved in the metabolism and turnover of amino acids.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
18Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1439-0973Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineDescription / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Patienten mit gramnegativer Bakteriämie, die zwischen 1951–1958 (173 Patienten) und 1965–1974 (612 Patienten) untersucht wurden, wurden sorgfältig auf die kritischen Determinanten des Ausgangs der Erkrankung hin analysiert. Die Schwere der Grunderkrankung war der Faktor, der den Ausgang bei beiden Serien hauptsächlich beeinflußte. Frühzeitige, angemessene Antibiotikatherapie war mit einer signifikanten Verminderung sowohl der Letalität als auch der Häufigkeit der Schockentwicklung assoziiert. Angemessene Antibiotikatherapie war auch mit einer signifikanten Verminderung der Letalität assoziiert, wenn sie nach dem Eintreten des Schocks begonnen wurde. Die meisten einzelnen anti-mikrobiellen Substanzen schienen vergleichbare Effektivität zu besitzen, vorausgesetzt, der infizierende Keim war empfindlich. Es konnte nicht gezeigt werden, daß Antibiotikakombinationen wirksamer waren als Einzelsubstanzen.Notes: Summary Patients with gram-negative bacteremia studied between 1951–1958 (173 patients) and 1965–1974 (612 patients) were carefully evaluated to delineate critical determinants of outcome. Severity of the host's underlying disease was the major factor influencing outcome in both series. Early appropriate antibiotic therapy was associated with significant reductions in both fatality rates and the frequency of development of shock. Appropriate antibiotic therapy was also associated with a significant reduction in fatality rates even if initiated after the onset of shock. Most individual antimicrobial agents appeared to be of comparable efficacy provided the infecting organism was susceptible. Combinations of antibiotics could not be demonstrated to be more effective than single agents.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
19Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1435-4373Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: MedicineNotes: Abstract A high rate of nosocomial pneumonia exists among intubated patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Retrograde colonization of the oropharynx and trachea with bacteria from the stomach is not widely appreciated in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. Gastric colonization is affected by age, malnutrition, antibiotics, disease of the gastrointestinal tract, and changes in pH. The widespread use of antacids and/or histamine type 2 blockers as prophylaxis against stress bleeding in the ventilated patient may also increase gastric pH and the risk of colonization in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Migration of bacteria between the stomach, oropharynx and trachea in the intubated patient may be a dynamic system involving large numbers of bacteria. The high fatality rate of mechanically ventilated patients with pneumonia, which persists despite treatment of these patients with appropriate antimicrobial therapy, underscores the need for effective measures of prevention. Preventive measures include the appropriate use of antibiotics, proper decontamination of respiratory therapy equipment, the cautious use of drugs that alter the natural gastric acid barrier, or, possibly, the selective use of antibiotics to prevent or reduce gastric, oropharyngeal and tracheal colonization.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: