Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:D. Carroll)

2018-07-10

American Heart Association (AHA)

1524-4539

Medicine

Cardiovascular Disease

2015-03-21

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Agriculture/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Animals ; *Government Regulation ; *Organisms, Genetically Modified ; United States

2015-03-21

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Biotechnology/ethics ; *Caspase 9 ; *Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genetic Engineering/*ethics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*prevention & control ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomics ; *Germ Cells ; Humans ; Risk Management ; Targeted Gene Repair/*ethics

2018-07-03

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

0890-9369

Biology

2018-04-04

The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

1078-0432

1557-3265

Medicine

2018-02-23

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Geosciences

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Epidemiology, Microbiology

1471-4159

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The distribution of carbon-11-labeled L-deprenyl, an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B), was determined in the baboon brain by positron emission tomography. The irreversible blood-to-brain transfer constant (influx constant, Ki) was measured using a complete metabolite-corrected arterial plasma concentration curve. This influx constant was used as a measure of functional enzyme activity for sequential determinations of MAO-B recovery following a single high dose of unlabeled l-deprenyl. The half-life for turnover of MAO-B was thus determined to be 30 days. Using appropriate irreversible inhibitors, this procedure should be generally useful for determining enzyme turnover rates in any organ in vivo and can be applied to some human studies as well.

Electronic Resource

1471-4159

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Abstract: The butyrophenone neuroleptics spiroperidol, benperidol, and haloperidol were radiolabeled with fluorine-18 and studied in baboon brain using positron emission transaxial tomography (PETT). Pretreatment of the baboon with a high pharmacological dose of (+)-butaclamol reduced the specifically bound component of radioactivity distribution in the striatum to approximately the radioactivity distribution found in the cerebellum. Comparative studies of brain distribution kinetics over a 4-h period indicated that either [18F]spiroperidol or [18F]benperidol may be suitable for specific labeling of neuroleptic receptors. In an 8-h study with [18F]spiroperidol, striatal radioactivity did not decline, suggesting that spiroperidol either has a very slow dissociation rate or that it binds irreversibly to these receptors in vivo. [18F]Haloperidol may not be suitable for in vivo PETT studies, because of a relatively high component of nonspecific distribution and a faster dissociation from the receptor. Analysis of 18F in plasma after injection of [18F]spiroperidol indicated rapid metabolism to polar and acidic metabolites, with only 40% of the total radioactivity being present as unchanged drug after 30 min. Analysis of the metabolic stability of the radioactively labeled compound in rat striatum indicated that greater than 95% of [18F]spiroperidol remains unchanged after 4 h.

Electronic Resource

1089-7550

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Insulating diamond films were imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) utilizing photoinduced bulk carrier transport to establish tunneling currents. General comparisons of topographic STM images and atomic force microscopy images acquired on the same sample demonstrate that submicrometer structures obtained in the images can be correlated. This observation establishes that the topography of an insulating surface such as diamond can be imaged under illumination by STM. The results suggest that local electronic structure of illuminated insulating surfaces can be probed using scanning tunneling spectroscopy.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

The surfaces of LiNbO3 single crystals have been studied using scanning tunneling microscopy and tunneling spectroscopy. Vacuum reduction was used to provide sufficient conductivity for tunneling. After reduction, the surfaces are dominated by nanoscale. Auger shows the structures to be related to precipitated suboxides of LiNbO3 which can be correlated to asymmetries in Li diffusion within the bulk crystal. These surface nanophases have electronic properties which are strongly dependent on the frequency of applied electric fields. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

Changes in the local density of states (LDOS) of kinked multiwalled carbon nanotubes have been studied using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM)/(STS). The measured STS spectra in the inelastically kinked region show that the LDOS is asymmetric about the Fermi level, while the spectra from regions away from the kink exhibit the usual symmetric LDOS that corresponds to perfect tubes. In the kinked region, the distribution of the unoccupied states is suppressed; this suppression of the conduction band states becomes unnoticeable ∼1.66 nm from the kink center. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1077-3118

AIP Digital Archive

Physics

In order to investigate the role of carbon nanotubes in a polymer matrix, organic light-emitting diodes were fabricated from a polymer composite composed of poly (m-phenylene vinylene-co-2,5-dioctoxy-p-phenylene) (PmPV) and dispersed single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinolato) aluminum (Alq3) doped by Nile Red was used as an emissive material between the polymer composite and cathode. The device fabricated without SWNTs dispersed in the PmPV shows a dominant emission near red at 600 nm, which is in the range of the characteristic emission of Nile Red-doped Alq3, with a small amount of green emission from the PmPV. However, the devices fabricated with the polymer composite show an increase in the oscillator strength of the green emission with a dominant emission peak near 500 nm, the characteristic emission of PmPV. This was observed for SWNT concentrations up to 0.1 wt %. The shift in the emission indicates that the SWNTs in the PmPV matrix act as a hole-blocking material that results in a shifting of the recombination region from the Nile Red-doped Alq3 layer to the PmPV composite layer. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Electronic Resource

1365-2044

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Twenty-two patients with chronic pain of malignant or nonmalignant origin were given intravenous morphine by patient-controlled analgesia. A prestudy judgment was made from the characteristics of the pain as to whether it was nociceptive or neuropathic. Analgesic efficacy was assessed by a nurse-observer; adverse events were noted and plasma morphine and metabolitie concentrations measured. Three categories of opioid response were distinguished. Good responders obtained 〉 70 mm relief on the visual analogue scale, with minimal or manageable adverse events. Moderate responders obtained 〈 70 but 〉 30 mm relief with more problematic adverse events, and poor responders had 〈 30 mm relief with troublesome adverse events. This method for the study of opioid sensitivity allowed a wide dosage range to be studied. The simultaneous analgesic and adverse event measurements showed that the spectrum of observed response was wide, and response category could be judged for the majority by 4 h. In those with poor or moderate response, adverse event severity limited further dose increment. The relationship between pain characteristics and response showed that some pains judged to be neuropathic had a good response to opioid (5/13), and some pains judged to be nociceptive did not (5/14). The study suggests that the pattern of response is not as black and white as the prediction of good response from nociceptive pain and poor from neuropathic pain would suggest, although nociceptive pain was more likely than neuropathic pain to show a good response. For the moderate responders opioid titration may, in the absence of other effective treatments, be useful, but the analgesic endpoint may not be totally satisfactory. The method provides an operational definition of opioid sensitivity.

Electronic Resource

1471-4159

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Abstract: Spiroperidol labeled with carbon-11, a shortlived positron-emitting radionuclide, was used to determine the time course of specific binding of this radio-ligand to the neuroleptic receptor in vivo in the rat. The three major brain pools-specifically bound, non-specifically bound and free (unbound)-were determined over a 60-min time course by a rapid filtration technique, utilizing (-)- and (+)-butaclamol pretreatments to assess total and nonspecifically bound activities, respectively, in striatum and cerebellum. The ratio of specifically to nonspecifically bound pools in the striatum was 4.1 at 30 min and 5.1 at 60 min. Thus [11C]spiroperidol may be useful for labeling neuroleptic receptors in vivo for serial studies using positron emission transaxial tomography.

Electronic Resource

1365-2044

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The analgesic efficacy of amitriptyline 25 mg was compared with placebo in 41 patients with chronic (more than 3 months) nonmalignant pain, using a double-blind randomised multiple-dose 3-week treatment period crossover design. Amitriptyline 25 mg provided significantly greater efficacy than placebo, with significant differences evident within the first week. There was no significant difference on mood scores between amitriptyline and placebo. The results suggest that surprisingly low doses of amitriptyline may be effective without substantial adverse effects, that the effect is evident early, and that the effect is distinguishable from any effect of the amitriptyline on mood.

Electronic Resource

1365-2044

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

In a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, multiple dose, crossover study in 30 patients we compared an ibuprofen/codeine combination (400 mg ibuprofen/25.6 mg codeine phosphate) with a paracetamol/codeine/caffeine combination (1 g paracetamol/ 16 mg codeine phosphate/60 mg caffeine) for pain relief over 6 days after two-stage bilateral lower third molar removal. The ibuprofen combination produced significantly greater analgesia than the paracetamol combination, both on single-dose analysis of the first and second days and on multiple-dose measures for days 1, 2, 3 and 4. The mean incidence of adverse effects over the 6 days was 20% for both combinations. This trial design (crossover with multiple dosing in outpatients) is a sensitive way of testing for analgesia, and is potentially more predictive of adverse effect problems than single-dose studies. It confirms that multiple dosing may show increased efficacy.

Electronic Resource

1365-2044

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

A randomised, double-blind, multiple dose, crossover study with three 3-week treatment periods was set up to compare the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of amitriptyline in oral doses of 25, 50 or 75 mg. Patients used diaries to assess their pain, and clinic assessments were made at the end of each treatment period. It was found that in 29 patients with chronic (more than 2 months) pain, amitriptyline 75 mg provided significantly greater efficacy than amitriptyline 25 or 50 mg. There was no significant difference in mood scores between the different doses of amitriptyline, but sleep was judged significantly better with 75 mg compared with 25 mg. The incidence of adverse effects was significantly higher with the 75 mg dose, and the principal adverse effects were dry mouth and drowsiness. In the context of chronic pain, the analgesic effect of amitriptyline was shown to have a dose-response unrelated to mood elevation, but there was a dose-response for the incidence of adverse effects.

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Electronic Resource

1750-3841

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Changes in percent ash and certain elements were followed during maturation of berries of two cultivars of muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia). Analyses were done on deseeded berries. Percent ash increased significantly during maturation of Carlos berries, but did not increase significantly during maturation of Noble berries. Potassium was the element in highest concentration in both cultivars during maturation and at harvest. Potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and sodium were the major elements found to be significantly correlated with maturation and were found in concentrations similar to those reported in the literature for V. vinifera grapes. Iron, copper, zinc, and manganese were minor components. Four additional muscadine cultivars, sampled only at full maturity, had similar concentrations of elements to those found in ripe berries of Carlos and Noble. The averaged values of ash (%) and elements (ppm) for all six cultivars when sampled at their normal harvest dates are: ash = 0.57; Na = 58.6 (Carlos and Noble only); P = 99.6; K = 1641.0; Ca = 124.2; Mg = 59.2; Mn = 7.2; Cu = 0.5; Zn = 0.5; Fe = 3.0.

Electronic Resource