Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:D. A. Reid)

2014-10-25

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

*Acclimatization ; *Altitude ; Archaeology ; Artifacts ; Humans ; Peru

1365-2621

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Summary. It has been shown that the development of Hemispora stellata Vuill and red halophilic bacteria in salted snoek (Thyrsites atun Euph.) can be combated successfully by the use of sorbic acid during salting of the fish. Applications of sorbic acid by dipping of the fish in salt-sorbate solutions proved to be more effective than the use of a mixture of salt and sorbic acid in the salting of fish. When the preservative was mixed with the salt, a severe breakdown of sorbic acid, catalysed by fish constituents which migrated into the salt, occurred during salting. In contrast with this the sorbic acid in salted fish was shown to be rather stable.Though the experiments were confined to limited experimental saltings, and some of the statements might not hold completely for full scale salting, it should be mentioned that in practice the application of dipping in salt-sorbate solutions also gave good protection against development of halophilic moulds and bacteria.

Electronic Resource

1432-2021

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Geosciences

Physics

Abstract Celadonite from the northwestern Mojave Desert area of California was examined by detailed Mössbauer spectroscopy at temperatures from 10 K to 400 K. In addition to the predominant Fe3+ doublet with isomer shift δ∼0.4 mm s−1 and quadrupole splitting Δ ∼ 0.4 mm s−1, another Fe3+ doublet with δ∼ 0.4, Δ∼1.2 mm/s and two Fe2+ doublets with δ∼1.1, Δ ∼ 1.7, 2.7 mm s−1 at 300 K were distinguished. The minor Fe3+ component is ascribed to dehydroxylated surface sites. Most of the remaining Fe(∼90%) is M2 cis-OH octahedral in an ordered M+−M2+ array. However, about 10% is M1 trans-OH Fe2+. Isomer shift vs. T gives Debye temperatures of 570 K for Fe3+ in M2 and 380 K for both Fe2+ sites, indicating greater vibrational freedom for Fe2+. Quadrupole splitting Δ vs. T for Fe2+ gives a valence electronic energy splitting of 760 cm−1 between the ground and first excited state for M2. The M1 sites have a more drastic variation in Δ vs. T which indicates not only a lower first excited state but a rhombic distortion at these sites. A proposed explanation is a neighboring M2 site vacancy. The soil clay formed from this celadonite, which is mostly Fe-rich smectite, was also studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy. About half the Fe2+ has been oxidized in the clay, but the isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings are essentially the same as in the original celadonite. A texture orientation in the clay absorber was detected by measuring the absorber at 55° to the source radiation. This texture effect produces asymmetric doublets in the usual 90° measurement.

Electronic Resource