Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:C. Raymond)

2013-02-16

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

2013-12-18

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

*Exobiology ; Phosphorus/*analysis ; *Planets ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

2012-05-15

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

2012-05-15

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

1467-6494

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Psychology

Scales were constructed to measure perceived control over controllable events (realistic control) and perceived control over uncontrollable events (unrealistic control). Internal reliability, test-retest reliability, and discriminant validity of both scales were adequate. Study 1 measured perceived personal control over hassles that judges rated on general controllability. For hassles very high in controllability, perceived personal control was related to belief in realistic control but not to belief in unrealistic control; for hassles very low in controllability, perceived personal control was related to belief in unrealistic control but not to belief in realistic control. Study 2 showed that participants high in unrealistic control belief (but not those high in realistic control belief) persevered more on a task that was in part uncontrollable. Study 3 showed that the combination of low realistic control belief and high unrealistic control belief predicted poorer future health, particularly for participants who have reported the experience of many negative events and/or hassles. The conditions under which unrealistic control results in maladaptive outcomes are discussed.

Electronic Resource

0022-1341

Geography

1559-1816

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Psychology

Based on self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985b), the present research tested a model that incorporated motivational orientation, extrinsic reasons for drinking, and perceptions of peer pressure as predictors of drinking among college students. In a sample of undergraduates, support was found for a path model in which global motivation predicted extrinsic reasons for drinking, which predicted perceptions of peer pressure, which in turn predicted alcohol consumption. In addition, the relation between peer pressure and drinking was stronger for those who were oriented toward feeling controlled. Support was found for a similar model in a sample of fraternity students. Results support previous research on self-determination and health.

Electronic Resource

1559-1816

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Psychology

The present study examined relations between motivational orientations, driving anger, and aggressive driving behaviors. It was hypothesized that the tendency to regulate behavior according to contingencies and pressures (controlled orientation), as opposed to interest and choice (autonomy orientation), would be associated with experiencing more driving anger and in turn driving more aggressively. Data from 109 college students were examined. As hypothesized, (a) controlled orientation was associated with feeling more driving anger as a result of other drivers' actions; (b) controlled orientation was associated with more aggressive driving behaviors and more traffic citations; (c) the relation between controlled orientation and aggressive driving was mediated by driving anger; and (d) self-esteem and social anxiety did not account for the results of motivational orientations.

Electronic Resource

1432-2072

Tyramine ; Selective MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors ; Pressor sensitivity ; Plasma MHPG ; Platelet MAO activity

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The relationship between changes in IV tyramine pressor sensitivity accompanying selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor treatment and estimates of MAO-A and MAO-B inhibition in vivo were studied. Reductions in platelet MAO activity provided an index of MAO-B inhibition, while changes in plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylene glycol (MHPG) were used as an hypothesized reflection of MAO-A inhibition. Chronic treatment with the MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline and the MAO-B inhibitor pargyline showed significant inhibition of the alternate MAO enzyme as well, although this crossover effect was greater for pargyline than clorgyline. The MAO-B inhibitor deprenyl appeared to maintain the greatest degree of MAO inhibition selectivity in vivo. Tyramine pressor sensitivity changes accompanying administration of the MAO inhibitors were highly correlated with decreases in plasma MHPG (r=0.92), supporting our previous data indicating the rank order of clorgyline 〉 pargyline 〉 deprenyl for enhancement of tyramine pressor sensitivity and, thus, suggesting that tyramin potentiation is primarily a function of MAO-A rather than MAO-B inhibition. Changes in plasma MHPG are suggested to provide a potentially useful clinical index of in vivo MAO-A inhibition.

Electronic Resource

1432-2072

Rhesus monkey ; Schizophrenia ; d-Amphetamine ; Norepinephrine

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Social deprivation of rhesus monkeys in infancy results in increased sensitivity to psychotic-like behavioral effects of low doses of d-amphetamine given 2–3 years later. These behavioral effects are associated with increased levels of CSF norepinephrine. These data suggest that social developmental factors could be partially responsible for variation in neurochemical responses and long-lasting differential sensitivity of primates to the psychosis-inducing effects of d-amphetamine.

Electronic Resource

1432-2072

Norepinephrine ; 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol ; Manic-depressive illness ; Carbamazepine ; Cerebrospinal fluid

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Noradrenergic mechanisms have been postulated to account for the anticonvulsant and psychotropic effects of carbamazepine. In order to assess this possibility in man, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained from affectively ill patients before and during treatment with carbamazepine (average duration 29 days) at doses averaging 860 mg/day, achieving blood levels of 8.86 μg/ml. Neither plasma nor CSF norepinephrine (NE) nor CSF 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylgycol (MHPG) was significantly altered by carbamazepine. Baseline medication-free values in 21 depressed patients were not predictive of the degree of subsequent clinical antidepressant response. CSF NE decreased in four manic patients treated with carbamazepine. The many effects of carbamazepine on noradrenergic mechanisms in animals are discussed in relationship to these first studies of carbamazepine in man.

Electronic Resource

0037-7996

History

0021-9118

Political Science

Economics

BOOK REVIEWS

1432-1203

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary In a behavior study of a sexually deviant XYY and XXY male, who were both murderers, plasma noradrenalin (NA), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) were determined radioenzymatically under resting conditions and during exertional and emotional stress. Under a physical work load on the bicycle ergometer both had normal plasma NA and DBH levels. During emotional stress both had NA increases of the same magnitude. During an arithmetic test NA values did not increase more than expected for the sitting position. Disturbed NA function does not seem to be the cause of the behavior disorder of the XYY and XXY patients.

Electronic Resource

1573-2592

Hapten-protein ; antigen-antibody complexes ; fractionation ; immunologic disease

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Human antisera against trimellityl-human serum albumin or diphenylmethane diisocyanate-human serum albumin were fractionated by Sephadex G200. The fractions containing IgG were pooled and reacted with trimellityl125I-human serum albumin or diphenylmethane diisocyanate-125I-human serum albumin, and these mixtures were again fractionated through Sephadex G200. The resultant chromatographic profiles showed two peaks. The first peak contained hapten-human serum albumin-antibody as demonstrated by the precipitability of radioactivity with anti-human IgG. During these studies it was found that trimellityl-human serum albumin or diphenylmethane diisocyanate-human serum albumin have different elution profiles and electrophoretic mobilities than human serum albumin. Trimellityl-human serum albumin elutes earlier and migrates farther toward the anode than either diphenylmethane diisocyante-human serum albumin or human serum albumin. Diphenylmethane diisocyanate-human serum albumin elutes earlier and migrates farther toward the anode than human serum albumin. These results may be explained by swelling of the trimellityl-human serum albumin molecule due to the additional negative charges of the trimellityl carboxyl groups and loss of positive charges at basic amino acid binding sites of trimellityl. The lesser changes in diphenylmethane diisocyanate-human serum albumin may result from only the deletion of positive charges on basic amino acids of human serum albumin since diphenylmethane diisocyanate contributes no additional charge.

Electronic Resource

1573-2592

Basophil-bound IgE ; immunotherapy ; IgE against ragweed antigen E

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Sixteen patients with ragweed pollenosis were studied immediately before and after the 1979 ragweed season with measurement of total plasma IgE, specific plasma IgE against ragweed antigen E (IgE-a-AgE), molecules of IgE-a-AgE eluted per basophil, total antibody binding of AgE (blocking antibody), and maximum percentage histamine release in response to AgE. Thirteen received immunotherapy with polymerized ragweed and the measurements were repeated just before and after 1980 ragweed season. The patients kept symptom score diaries for each ragweed season. With season before immunotherapy, plasma IgE-a-AgE and total IgE rose. The ratio of specific to total IgE has been demonstrated to correlate with the IgE-a-AgE molecules eluted per basophil. This ratio, molecules of IgE-a-AgE eluted per basophil, and histamine release did not change. With immunotherapy, there was a significant decrease in symptom scores and a marked increase in blocking antibody. Specific IgE in plasma remained the same as total IgE fell from October 1979 to July 1980. Thus, there was a modest increase in ratio and in the number of IgE-a-AgE molecules eluted per basophil. With these changes, there was no alteration of histamine release. With season, after immunotherapy, there was not significant change in any parameter measured.

Electronic Resource

1573-188X

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science

Abstract Because publicized minimum criteria for graduate school admission are rarely sufficient to gain entrance to the school of one's choice, a study was undertaken to estimate the actual or “effective” admission standards to graduate school. Booklets composed of 27 hypothetical graduate school applicants conforming to a 3 (GPA) × 3 (GRE) × 3 (trait adjectives) factorial design were evaluated by graduate program chairpersons from the marginal, low, middle, and high categories of the Roose and Andersen (1970), Cox and Catt (1977), and Endler et al. (1978) ranking systems of schools in psychology. Results showed that a linear model of judgment would account for the ratings of potential for success in graduate school and the decision to accept or reject the hypothetical applicants. GRE scores accounted for about twice as much variance (30%) as GPA (16%), which accounted for about twice as much variance (7%) as trait adjectives. The Roose and Andersen listing was shown to be the most acceptable ranking system when estimating “effective” graduate admission standards.

Electronic Resource

1573-2592

Antigenicity ; polymerized grass ; allergic rhinitis

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The antigenicity of polymerized grass (PG) and monomer grass (MG) was studied. As compared with MG, PG produces a similar immunologic response in rabbits as demonstrated by a tanned red blood cell (TRBC) passive hemagglutination assay or by total serum binding of perennial rye grass Group I antigens (RGGI). Six patients with allergic rhinitis sensitive to several grass pollens received an average of 60,000 protein nitrogen units (PNU) of PG. The initial dose was 100 PNU and a maintenance dosage of 8500 PNU was obtained after six injections without systemic reactions in any of the patients. Serum binding of RGGI increased significantly in the PG-treated patients and this increase was quantitatively similar to that measured in a second group of six atopic patients previously treated for 1 year with a total of 100,000 PNU of a standard grass extract mixture. PG, like polymerized ragweed (PRW), has a reduced allergenicity while retaining immunogenicity. These data suggest that PG as compared to standard aqueous grass extract mixtures represents an improved form of immunotherapy for the atopic patient.

Electronic Resource

1573-6547

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract An analysis of national data was completed to assess historical trends in age differences regarding incidents of accidental, homicidal, and suicidal deaths of children and adolescents. Analyses were completed on data for 1979 and 1984 examining gender × age and race × age differences using raw frequencies, ratios of death to size of living cohort, and percentage of a given form of death to all deaths. Historical trends reveal a general decline in incidents of the three leading external causes of death. Males were at greater risk than females in both 1979 and 1984. Age difference comparisons reveal greatest increase in incidence occurs between early and middle adolescence with continuing increases into late adolescence. Implications for prevention and intervention are made. Speculation based on a gender intensification hypothesis is advanced for observed gender differences. Racial differences are discussed from a socio-contextual perspective. Age differences are thought to be bio-socially related, while historical trend differences may be due to cohort size differences, cultural change, or prevention efforts due to changes in age of majority laws (e.g., drinking).

Electronic Resource

1573-6598

PTSD assessment ; Afghan ; CAPS-1 ; refugees

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Psychology

Abstract A DSM-III-R based instrument for the assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-1), was modified to accommodate cultural differences and translated into the Afghan languages Pushto and Farsi (Dari) and administered to 30 Afghan refugees living in the United States. The modified CAPS-1 was found to be practical and reliable. Inter-item correlations were calculated on the frequency and intensity scores for the 17 cardinal symptoms and the eight associated features items of the modified CAPS-1. The four reexperiencing items demonstrated significant independence from the avoidance and arousal symptom clusters. However, the avoidance and arousal symptom clusters were not found to be independent cardinal components of PTSD in our participants. The CAPS-1 criteria for diagnosis of PTSD were met by 50% of the subjects evaluated.

Electronic Resource