Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:C. Liddle)

2014-07-22

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Diet, High-Fat ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects/metabolism ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism

2015-03-06

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

2015-11-19

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Adipose Tissue/*cytology/*immunology ; Aging/*immunology ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Inflammation/immunology/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance/*immunology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Obesity/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*cytology/*immunology

2012-03-31

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Biological Clocks/drug effects/genetics ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology ; Cryptochromes/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; *Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Feedback, Physiological ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics ; Homeostasis/genetics ; *Lipid Metabolism/genetics ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Activity/genetics/physiology ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcriptome/genetics

1365-2559

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Cai antibody reacted focally with all of the 20 cancers examined, but also with 12 out of 13 fibroadenomata and with each of 20 normal breasts. These observations indicate that there are severe limitations to the use of Ca1 antibody for defining benign versus malignant processes. Ca1 is most specific in terms of the cytoplasmic staining of tumours versus normal tissues. If a hierarchy of maximal staining is drawn up, cancers and fibroadenomata appear at the top, with normal tissue found in various types of breast in the middle, and non-neoplastic lesion such as epitheliosis, hyperplasia and apocrine change at the bottom of the hierarchy. There is a growing list of non-cancerous tissues which show reactivity to Ca1. In July 1983 this list numbered about 15. The designation ‘Ca’ is inappropriate.

Electronic Resource

0003-9861

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

1432-0827

Vitamin D ; Actinomycin D ; Calcium Absorption ; Intestinal Uptake of Calcium

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Physics

Résumé La vitamine D augmente nettement l'absorption et le transfert du calcium dans le duodenum de rats en avitaminose D, alimentés avec des régimes pauvres ou riches en calcium. Des travaux antérieurs ont montré que l'actinomycine D freine l'action de la vitamine D, faible en calcium: des animaux, équilibrés en phosphore, ont été utilisés, ne permettant pas de savoir si l'actinomycine a un effet similaire chez des animaux soumis à un régime élevé en calcium, faible en phosphore. Avec un traitement combinant±de vitamine D et±d'actinomycine D, des fragments de duodénum ont été testés concernant l'absorption passive ou active de calciumin vitro. Le transfert du calcium à travers l'intestin vers le sang est mesuréin vivo. Concernant l'absorption intestinale, il n'y a pas d'interaction entre l'actinomycine D et la vitamine D chez des animaux soumis à des régimes de 1.20% Ca: 0,06% P pendant 20 jours avant le traitement. Chez les animaux soumis à 0.02% Ca: 0.3% P pendant la même période, l'actinomycine D diminue l'absorption de fragments d'intestinsin vitro, cependant avec la vitamine D, l'absorption de calcium est augmentée, bien qu'à un degré moindre en présence de l'antibiotique. La vitamine D tend à augmenter le transfert du calcium vers le sang des animaux soumis aux deux régions en présence ou en l'absence de l'actinomycine D.

Zusammenfassung Vitamin D bewirkt eine signifikante Erhöhung der Aufnahme und des Transportes von Calcium im Duodenum von D-Mangel-Ratten, deren Nahrung wenig oder viel Calcium enthielt. In früheren Arbeiten anderer Autoren, welche nachwiesen, daß Actinomycin D die Wirkung von Vitamin D blockierte, wurden Tiere verwendet, welche wenig Calcium, jedoch genügend Phosphor erhielten. Dabei wurde die Frage nicht berücksichtigt, ob Actinomycin D bei Tieren, die viel Calcium und wenig Phosphor in der Nahrung erhielten, eine ähnliche Wirkung hätte. In dieser Arbeit wurden ± Vitamin D und ±Actonomycin D kombiniert und Duodenumschnitte auf passive im Gegensatz zu aktiver Calciumaufnahmein vitro geprüft. Der Calciumtransport durch den Darm ins Blut wurdein vivo gemessen. In Bezug auf die intestinale Aufnahme bestand keine Wechselwirkung zwischen Actinomycin D und Vitamin D bei den Tieren, welche während 20 Tagen vor der Behandlung eine 1,2% Ca: 0,06% P-Diät erhalten hatten. Bei den Tieren, welche ebenfalls 20 Tage lang 0,02% Ca: 0,3% P erhalten hatten, verminderte Actinomycin D die Calciumaufnahme von Darmschnittenin vitro, aber wenn Vitamin D mitverabreicht wurde, erhöhte das Vitamin die Calciumaufnahme signifikant; die Erhöhung war in Anwesenheit des Antibiotikums etwas weniger ausgeprägt. Vitamin D führte zu eine Zunahme des Calciumtransports ins Blut und zwar bei beiden Diäten und mit oder ohne Actinomycin D.

Abstract Vitamin D significantly increases the uptake and transport of calcium in the duodenum of D-deficient rats fed either high or low calcium diets. In previous work by others showing that actinomycin D blocked the effect of vitamin D, low calcium: adequate phosphorus animals were used, leaving unanswered the question as to whether actinomycin D would have a similar effect in animals fed a high calcium: low phosphorus diet. With treatment combining ±vitamin D and ±actinomycin D, slices of duodenum were tested for passivevs. active uptake of calciumin vitro. The transport of calcium across the intestine into blood was measuredin vivo. With regard to intestinal uptake, there was no interaction between actinomycin D and vitamin D in animals fed 1.2% Ca: 0.06% P diet for 20 days before treatment. In those animals fed the 0.02% Ca: 0.3% P diet for the same period of time, actinomycin D reduced the uptake of intestinal slicesin vitro but, when combined with vitamin D, the vitamin significantly enhanced the uptake of calcium, though to a lesser extent, in the presence of the antibiotic. Vitamin D tended to increase the transport of calcium into blood of animals on both diets in the presence or absence of actinomycin D.

Electronic Resource

1432-0428

Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes ; pancreatic pathology ; insulitis ; islets of Langerhans

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Summary A 25-year computerised survey of deaths in the United Kingdom among diabetic patients of 19 years of age and under was performed. Suitable pancreatic material was available in 119 out of the 498 identified patients. The duration of diabetes was known in 95 of the 119 patients. In 60 patients it had been present for less than 1 year. Insulitis was present in 47 of the 60 patients (78%) with recent onset disease, and was also found in 3 patients who had been treated for diabetes for between 1 and 6 years. In cases in which it was identified, insulitis affected 23% of islets containing insulin, but affected only 1% of islets which were insulin deficient, thus supporting the concept that insulitis represents an immunologically mediated destruction of insulin secreting B cells. Four patients appeared to have a different disease from classical Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in that there was no evidence of insulitis and all islets contained insulin. The age of onset of diabetes was eighteen months or less in these patients.

Electronic Resource

0197-8462

microwaves ; ambient temperature ; bacterial infection ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Biology

Physics

Female CD-1 mice were injected with an LD50 dose of Streptococcus pneumoniae and then exposed to 2.45 GHz (CW) microwave radiation at an incident power density of 10 mW/cm2 (SAR = 6.8 W/kg), 4 h/d for 5 d at ambient temperatures of 19 °C, 22 °C, 25 °C, 28 °C, 31 °C, 34 °C, 37 °C and 40 °C. Four groups of 25 animals were exposed at each temperature with an equal number of animals concurrently sham-exposed. Survival was observed for a 10-d period after infection. Survival of the sham-exposed animals increased as ambient temperature increased from 19 °C-34 °C. At ambient temperatures at or above 37 °C the heat induced in the body exceeded the thermoregulatory capacity of the animals and deaths from hyperthermia occurred. Survival of the microwave-exposed animals was significantly greater than the shams (∼20%) at each ambient temperature below 34 °C. Based on an analysis of the data it appears that the hyperthermia induced by microwave exposure may be more effective in increasing survival in infected mice than hyperthermia produced by conventional methods (ie, high ambient temperature). Microwave radiation may be beneficial to infected animals at low and moderate ambient temperatures, but it is detrimental when combined with high ambient temperatures.

2 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0197-8462

microwaves ; immunology ; antibody response ; mice ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Biology

Physics

Female CD-1 mice immunized against the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae type III were exposed to 9-GHz pulsed microwaves (pulse repetition rate 970-1,000, pulse width 1.0 μs, peak power 1 W/cm2) at an average incident power density of 1 mW/cm2 (calculated SAR = 0.47 W/kg) for 2 h per day for 5 days. Circulating antibody titers for the microwave-exposed animals were not significantly different from those of the shamirradiated animals, and there were no differences in any of the hematological parameters analyzed, indicating that 9-GHz pulsed microwaves at 1 mW/cm2 do not alter the immune response of mice immunized against S pneumoniae.

1 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0197-8462

microwaves ; spider webs ; behavior ; 9.6-GHz pulsed radiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Biology

Physics

Eight cross spiders (Araneus diadematus) were exposed overnight (16 h) during web-building activity to pulsed 9.6-GHz microwaves at average power densities of 10, 1, and 0.1 mW/cm2 (estimated SARs 40, 4, and 0.4 mW/g). Under these conditions, 9.6-GHz pulsed microwaves did not affect the web-spinning ability of the cross spider.

1 Ill.

Electronic Resource

0197-8462

antibody response ; microwaves ; immunology ; 9-GHz pulsed radiation ; infectivity ; mouse ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology

Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Biology

Physics

A significant increase was observed in the circulating antibody titers of mice exposed to 9-GHz pulsed microwaves at an average power density of 10 mW/ cm2, two hours per day for five days compared with sham-irradiated animals. The mice were previously immunized with type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. Following irradiation, a portion of the immunized animals were challenged with virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae, type III. Ten days after challenge, mortality was essentially the same in the two groups, but during the ten day period, there was a noticeable increase in the survival time of the irradiated animals compared with the sham-irradiated animals, suggesting that the increased circulating antibody response afforded some degree of temporary protection to the animals.

3 Ill.

Electronic Resource