Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:C. Krause)

2018-05-04

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Geosciences

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Evolution, Genetics

2013-05-17

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Cercopithecidae/anatomy & histology/*classification ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Mandible/anatomy & histology ; *Phylogeny ; Tanzania ; Tooth/anatomy & histology

0027-5107

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1572-8757

adsorption isotherms ; surface excess ; surface tension ; contact angle ; hard solid

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Abstract The adsorption excess isotherms of binary mixtures adsorbed on hard solids were calculated by means of surface tension and contact angle measurements using the Gibbs adsorption isotherm equation. The calculation procedure is described in detail using the authors' own measurements of mixtures containing ethylene glycol(1)/water(2) on Teflon and poly(vinyl chloride), and water(1)/n-propanol(2) on Teflon. On the basis of these results and also from surface tensions and contact angles on hard solids published by other authors, all types of isotherms were found as given for porous adsorbents in the classification of Schay and Nagy. In addition to those, new isotherm types are proposed.

Electronic Resource

1432-2307

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Electronic Resource

1432-0568

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine noch unbekannte Übergangsform zwischen einem aus der Duplicitas parallela ableitbaren Dicephalus bispinalis triscelus mit Duplicitas anterior completa et posterior incompleta und monosymmetrischem monomphalem Ileothoracopagus eines Kalbes beschrieben.

Electronic Resource

1432-1246

Key words Environmental medicine ; Environmental toxins ; Biological monitoring ; Reference values ; Human biological monitoring (HBM) values

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract This article describes the working principles and working procedures of the Commission on Human Biological Monitoring, which was established in 1993 as a joint commission of the Federal Health Office (Bundesgesundheitsamt) and the Federal Environmental Agency (Umweltbundesamt) in Germany. One of the main tasks of the commission is to develop scientifically based criteria for the application of human biological monitoring and for the evaluation of human monitoring data in environmental medicine. In principle, two different kinds of criteria are recommended: (a) reference values and (b) human biological monitoring values (HBM values). Reference values are intended to indicate the upper margin of the current background exposure of the general population to a given environmental toxin at a given time. Reference values can be used to identify subjects with an increased level of exposure (in relation to background exposure) to a given environmental toxin. However, reference values do not represent health-related criteria for the evaluation of human biological monitoring data. HBM values are derived from human toxicology and epidemiology studies and are intended to be used as a basis for a health-related evaluation of human biological monitoring data. Usually the commission recommends two different HBM values: HBM I, the concentration of an environmental toxin in a human biological material (usually blood, serum, plasma, or urine) below which there is – according to the knowledge and judgement of the commission – no risk for adverse health effects in individuals of the general population; and HBM II, the concentration of an environmental toxin in a human biological material (usually blood, serum, plasma, or urine) above which there is – according to the knowledge and judgement of the commission and with regard to the environmental toxin under consideration – an increased risk for adverse health effects in susceptible individuals of the general population. The HBM I value can be considered a kind of alert value (from the toxicological point of view), whereas the HBM II value represents a kind of action level, at which attempts should be undertaken to reduce the level of exposure immediately and to carry out further medical examinations. Values between HBM I and HBM II should be considered a warning signal of the need to control the analytical measurement and to reduce the level of exposure of the concerned individual as reasonably as is achievable. At present, reference and HBM values are available for lead in blood, for cadmium and mercury in blood and urine, and for pentachlorophenol in plasma/serum and urine. Reference values have been established for some polychlorinated biphenyls in blood and plasma as well as for hexachlorocyclohexane and hexacholorobenzene in blood as well as for some organochlorine in human milk.

Electronic Resource

1432-1246

Blood lead levels ; Amount of lead in the placenta ; Mothers ; Newborns ; Environment ; Blutbleispiegel ; Bleigehalt der Placenta ; Mütter ; Neugeborene ; Umwelt

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Zusammenfassung Der Bleigehalt von menschlichen Placentagewebe und der Blutbleispiegel von Neugeborenen und ihren Müttern von vier Kollektiven unterschiedlicher Lebensräume der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wurden atomabsorptionsspektrophotometrisch bestimmt. Während für die Blutbleikonzentrationen z.T. deutliche regionale Unterschiede ermittelt werden konnten, waren diese für den Placenta-Bleispiegel nicht nachweisbar. Keine Korrelationen bestanden auch zwischen den mütterlichen Blutbleispiegeln und dem Bleigehalt der Placenten; dagegen sind die mütterlichen und kindlichen Blutbleikonzentrationen durch einen mittleren Faktor von 1,4 miteinander verknüpft. Der Bleigehalt der menschlichen Placenta liegt für die von uns untersuchten Kollektive ungefähr in der Größenordnung des erythrozytenbezogenen Blutbleispiegels. Er stellt sich ungefahr konzentrationsabhängig von der Blutbleikonzentration ein. Eine Depotfunktion für Blei scheint der Placenta nicht zuzukommen. Zwischen mütterlichem und kindlichem Organismus stellt sich wahrscheinlich lediglich eine Diffusionsbarriere für Blei tar. Für eine Gefährdung der Frucht durch Blei ergab sich in den von uns untersuchten Expositionsbereichen kein Anhalt.

Summary The amount of lead in the tissue of human placenta and the blood-lead level of newborns and their mothers (mothers and newborn are divided into 4 collectives, each from a different environment in the FRG) was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. While there was evidence for a sometimes striking regional dependence of the blood-lead level it was not possible to find any for the amount of lead in the placenta. No correlations existed between the amount of lead in the placenta and that in the blood of the mother, the blood-lead level of mother and child, however, correlated by an average factor of 1.4. The examination of our 4 collectives shows that the amount of lead in the human placenta runs approximately up to the amount of the lead level in erythrocytes. Its concentration almost correlates with the blood-lead level. The placenta doesn't seem to have a deposit function for lead. It obviously has the function of a diffusion barrier between the organism of the mother and that of the child. In all the examined exposure range was not due to a danger caused by lead for the fetus.

Electronic Resource

1432-1831

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Zusammenfassung 1. Beim Meerschweinchen gelingt es weder eine spezifische Erkrankung des Hodens noch des Gehirns durch Infektion mit frischer Lymphe, Rohstoff oder Glycerinlymphe zu erzeugen. 2. Das injizierte Virus ist nach 4 mal 24 Stunden im Hoden oder Gehirn nicht mehr nachzuweisen. 3. Infektion des Hodens oder des Gehirns mit Vaccine hinterläßt keine deutliche Immunität der Cornea oder Haut. 4. Hodenpassage ist ohne Einfluß auf die Gehirninfektion.

Electronic Resource

1612-4766

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Abstract Control of root-rot of asparagus in asparagus fields The root-rot of the asparagus causes serious, no more tolerable crop failures in the Upper Franconian the amount of sprouts/plants was obtained. Of course, of the damage was mainlyFusarium oxysporum, besides also isolatedFusarium culmorum andRhizoctonia violacea. A chemical control of this disease within asparagus fields is extremely difficult due to the deep-rooted plants. During experiments, Orthocid 50 (0,5 %) as well as Benomyl (0,1 %) were brought into the root area of the plants with a “dung lance”. By using this procedure, several years after the last Fungizid-application, a good result in reference to the produce and the amount of sprouts/plants was obtained. Of course, such an action should be considered as the last possibility of control, because experiences show that by means of proper cultivation actions, which already must be applied when planting new asparagus cultures, the occurrence of the root-rot of the asparagus can be reduced.

Electronic Resource

1573-1561

Attractants ; extracted volatile compounds ; Synanthedon pictipes ; Lepidoptera ; Sesiidae ; chemosensory ; insect behavior ; oviposition ; mechanosensory ; host-insect interactions ; olfactory receptors ; oviposition behavior ; apple ; peach ; pear ; plant odors ; Prunus spp

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract Reactions of lesser peachtree borer [Synanthedon pictipes (G&R)] to volatiles of peach wood, either natural or chemically fractionated, were observed. Mated females were stimulated by and responsive to such materials and deposited significantly more eggs on substrates, including unnatural hosts, that had been treated with aqueous mixtures of bark-canker materials. Stimulation to oviposit occurred even when the female was blinded, indicating the presence of chemical cues. Natural canker-bark extracts immediately stimulated ovipostion and for a few hours significantly increased the number of eggs laid. However, average fecundity was not increased. Antennectomy did not significantly decrease response to volatiles by gravid females, and alternate sites of such chemoreception were not located. Complex mixtures derived by solvent extraction, steam distillation, and volatiles trapping from bark, canker, and gum all had activity. Observations of insect behavior in outdoor cages and also in the laboratory indicated that visual, chemosensory, and mechanosensory receptors are involved in host finding and oviposition.

Electronic Resource

1435-4373

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Screening agars containing different vancomycin concentrations and different susceptibility testing procedures were compared to determine their validity for the detection of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE). Direct streaking of rectal swabs over the surface of a commercially available agar (Enterococcosel; Becton Dickinson, Germany) containing 4 μg/ml and 16 μg/ml vancomycin was followed by incubation for 24 to 48 h. Susceptibility tests were done by microbroth dilution, disk diffusion, and the E test (AB Biodisk, Sweden). The microbroth dilution method according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) was used as the gold standard for detection of GRE. Resistant and intermediately susceptible enterococcal isolates were differentiated to the species level. To detect resistance genes, the polymerase chain reaction was performed on all intermediately resistant isolates, on all isolates of VanB phenotype, and on 30% of isolates of VanA phenotype. Screening agar containing 4 μg/ml vancomycin displayed high sensitivity (97.6%) but only low specificity (35%) for the detection of GRE. Screening agar containing 16 μg/ml vancomycin had a high specificity of 89.3% and only a slightly lower sensitivity (92.7%) than the screening agar containing 4 μg/ml vancomycin. For the disk diffusion test, a breakpoint of 〈16 mm yielded the optimal combination of sensitivity (98.8%) and specificity (99.6%). Both sensitivity and specificity of the E test for GRE detection were 100%. However, the E test is too expensive for testing of all enterococci. In conclusion, the combination of an inexpensive screening agar with either the E test or the disk diffusion test constitutes a valid and cost-effective method for the detection of GRE from screening specimens.

Electronic Resource