Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:C. J. Gill)

2015-09-30

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

1435-4373

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract The in vitro activity of seven antibiotics against 52 isolates ofNeisseria gonorrhoeae was determined. Against penicillinase-producingNeisseria gonorrhoeae, ceftriaxone was the most active agent (MIC90 0.015 µg/ml), followed by ceftizoxime and norfloxacin (MIC90 0.03–0.125 µg/ml). Against spectinomycin-resistantNeisseria gonorrhoeae, the most active agents were ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone and norfloxacin (MIC90 0.015–0.125 µg/ml). Ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone and norfloxacin were also the most active agents against tetracycline-resistantNeisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC90 0.06–0.125 µg/ml). Overall, the rank order of activity from the most to the least active agent was as follows: ceftizoxime (MIC90 0.015 µg/ml); ceftriaxone (MIC90 0.06 µg/ml); norfloxacin (MIC90 0.125 µg/ml); cefoxitin (MIC90 2 µg/ml); tetracycline (MIC90 8 µg/ml); penicillin (MIC90 〉 8 µg/ml); and spectinomycin (MIC90 〉 128 µg/ml).

Electronic Resource

1573-5117

tree-planting ; reservoir ; drawdown

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Abstract The aesthetic problems posed by reservoir margins have been recognised for many years. They stem from a complex pattern of action and interaction of several environmental variables — water manipulation patterns, wave action, substrate characteristics, grazing and other factors. These factors usually result in reservoir margins being not only visually unattractive and physically unstable, but also of low ecological diversity. The Natural Environment Research Council and Water Research Centre have, since 1968, together funded a research programme to investigate the use of plant species to combat these problems. In isolated instances in the UK, woody species in particular have succeeded in colonising margins naturally, to very good visual effect (e.g. at Lake Vyrnwy). ‘Biotechnical’ treatments — using artificially planted shrubs and trees — have been successfully used in large Central European reservoirs to combat soil erosion by waves. Following trials of various woody species on the margins of established reservoirs, 10 species/cultivars were ‘pre-planted’ above and below the future top water level (TWL) of Rutland Water in 1973, 5 years before reservoir filling was completed. Pre-planting theoretically allows better survival by trees of subsequent partial inundation. The precise siting of pre-planted trees in the vertical dimension should normally be done using modelled predictions of reservoir summer median water level (a variable important to tree survival). The complex factors affecting the operation of Rutland Water made precise prediction impossible; the experimental plot eventually extended from 500 mm above TWL, to 2 000 mm below TWL, in 500 mm steps. 252 trees were involved in the plot and their growth has been monitored for the past 7 years. The species being predominantly hydrophytic, drought was a problem in the years prior to reservoir filling. Mulching with grass-cuttings proved to be helpful in this respect. Subsequently, prolonged periods of high water level have been deleterious to tree survival in the lower areas of the plot. Once abstraction/recharging patterns become more cyclic, it is anticipated that tree growth will stabilise.

Electronic Resource