Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:C. I. Smith)
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1Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressN. Hamada-Kawaguchi ; B. F. Nore ; Y. Kuwada ; C. I. Smith ; D. Yamamoto
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published 2014Staff ViewPublication Date: 2014-01-18Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Print ISSN: 0036-8075Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyComputer ScienceMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Animals ; Argonaute Proteins/*biosynthesis ; *Cell Proliferation ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Drosophila Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genomic Instability ; Germ Cells/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tyrosine/genetics/metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Wnt Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; beta Catenin/genetics/*metabolismPublished by: -
2Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressM. Raghavan ; M. Steinrucken ; K. Harris ; S. Schiffels ; S. Rasmussen ; M. DeGiorgio ; A. Albrechtsen ; C. Valdiosera ; M. C. Avila-Arcos ; A. S. Malaspinas ; A. Eriksson ; I. Moltke ; M. Metspalu ; J. R. Homburger ; J. Wall ; O. E. Cornejo ; J. V. Moreno-Mayar ; T. S. Korneliussen ; T. Pierre ; M. Rasmussen ; P. F. Campos ; B. Damgaard Pde ; M. E. Allentoft ; J. Lindo ; E. Metspalu ; R. Rodriguez-Varela ; J. Mansilla ; C. Henrickson ; A. Seguin-Orlando ; H. Malmstrom ; T. Stafford, Jr. ; S. S. Shringarpure ; A. Moreno-Estrada ; M. Karmin ; K. Tambets ; A. Bergstrom ; Y. Xue ; V. Warmuth ; A. D. Friend ; J. Singarayer ; P. Valdes ; F. Balloux ; I. Leboreiro ; J. L. Vera ; H. Rangel-Villalobos ; D. Pettener ; D. Luiselli ; L. G. Davis ; E. Heyer ; C. P. Zollikofer ; M. S. Ponce de Leon ; C. I. Smith ; V. Grimes ; K. A. Pike ; M. Deal ; B. T. Fuller ; B. Arriaza ; V. Standen ; M. F. Luz ; F. Ricaut ; N. Guidon ; L. Osipova ; M. I. Voevoda ; O. L. Posukh ; O. Balanovsky ; M. Lavryashina ; Y. Bogunov ; E. Khusnutdinova ; M. Gubina ; E. Balanovska ; S. Fedorova ; S. Litvinov ; B. Malyarchuk ; M. Derenko ; M. J. Mosher ; D. Archer ; J. Cybulski ; B. Petzelt ; J. Mitchell ; R. Worl ; P. J. Norman ; P. Parham ; B. M. Kemp ; T. Kivisild ; C. Tyler-Smith ; M. S. Sandhu ; M. Crawford ; R. Villems ; D. G. Smith ; M. R. Waters ; T. Goebel ; J. R. Johnson ; R. S. Malhi ; M. Jakobsson ; D. J. Meltzer ; A. Manica ; R. Durbin ; C. D. Bustamante ; Y. S. Song ; R. Nielsen ; E. Willerslev
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published 2015Staff ViewPublication Date: 2015-07-23Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Print ISSN: 0036-8075Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyComputer ScienceMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Americas ; Gene Flow ; Genomics ; History, Ancient ; Human Migration/*history ; Humans ; Indians, North American/genetics/*history ; Models, Genetic ; SiberiaPublished by: -
3Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1398-9995Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: The IgG and IgA subclass distribution of specific antibodies against a variety of protein and polysaccharide antigens was determined in sera from individuals with high levels of IgE. No shift of the antibody pattern could be observed, suggesting that the aberrant regulation of responses against allergens noted in these patients is limited, encompassing selected antigens only. Antibodies against protein antigens are mainly of the IgG1 subclass. In addition, low levels of specific IgG3 or IgG4 antibodies may be formed. Our data suggest that a given antigen induces either IgG3 or IgG4 and that potential allergens, in addition to IgG1 and IgE, elicit a response restricted to IgG4.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
4Articles: DFG German National LicensesSMITH, C. I. EEVARD ; FRIDELL, EVA ; LINDE, ANNIKA ; MATHIESEN, TIIT ; HAMMARSTRÖM, LENNART
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1988Staff ViewISSN: 1749-6632Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: Natural Sciences in GeneralType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
5Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1365-3083Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
6Articles: DFG German National LicensesRecombinant Protein A of Non-Staphylococcal Origin is Not Mitogenic for Human Peripheral LymphocytesPERSSON, U. ; INGANÄS, M. ; SMITH, C. I. E. ; HAMMARSTRÖM, I ; JOHANSSON, S. G. O.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1989Staff ViewISSN: 1365-3083Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Recombinant protein A(SpA) produced in Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis bacteria did not induce activation of human peripheral mononuclear cells, whereas SpA preparations obtained from naturally occurring Staphylococcus aureus bacteria as well as recombinant SpA from Staphylococcus xylosus were potent mitogens. Further purification of SpA from S. aureus showed that the mitogenic material was concentrated in the side fractions containing more basic molecules. Some staphylococcal enterotoxins are mitogenic for human cells and in order to test whether contaminating enterotoxins would be responsible for the mitogenic effect of SpA preparations, rabbit antibodies were produced against enterotoxin A and B. These antibodies inhibited activation of human cells induced by the enterotoxins used for immunization but did not affect the activation induced by SpA preparation. The addition of selected human sera to in vitro cultures resulted in an inhibition of the response induced by low doses of SpA. There was no clear relationship between these effects and the content of IgG antibodies against staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, and C1 in the sera. Thus, we conclude that the mitogenicity of SpA preparations is caused by contaminating molecules, probably not enterotoxins A, B, or C1.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
7Articles: DFG German National LicensesHAMMARSTRÖM, L. ; CARBONARA, A. O. ; MARCHI, M. ; LEFRANC, G. ; LEFRANC, M. -P. ; SMITH, C. I. E.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1987Staff ViewISSN: 1365-3083Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Antibodies against protein antigens are largely restricted to the IgG1 cubclass in man, whereas anti-carbohydrate antibodies, at least iin adult, are almost exclusively confined to the IgG2 subclass. In IgG2-deficient donors where the Cγ2 gene is retained in the genome, antibodies against most polysaccharide antigens are absent. We therefore undertook a study of the antibody repretoire iin 11 adult donors withi immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region gene deletions, homozygous or heterozygous defects, encompassing the Cγ2 gene. In all cases, antibodies against polysccharide antigens were present and restricted to the remaining subclasses (IgG1 and/or IgG3). These results suggest and an unrestricted use of the available VH gene repertoire in donors lacking the Cγ2 gene, and imply that the limited antibody repertorie found in IgG2-deficient individuals with a retained Cγ2 gene may be a consequence of an altered regulatory mechanism or a structural VH gene defect. However, furthermore, the delection of multiple Cγ2 heavy chain constant region genes did not appear to decrease the IgG switch probability as much, since total serum levels of IgG appear to be normal.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
8Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1365-3083Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Spleen cells from nude mice proliferate in vitro when stimulated with xenogeneic (human) lymphoid cells rendered unresponsive by addition of digitalis glycosides. In digitalis-sensitive species, such as humans. DNA, RNA, carbohydrate, and protein synthesis is completely blocked by addition of low concentrations of glycoside, whereas no impairment is found in digitalis-resistant species such as mouse. Since T cells have been implicated to be the cells responding in the mixed leucocyte reaction, this finding may suggest the occasional existence of ‘T-like’ cells in the spleens of nude mice.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
9Articles: DFG German National LicensesHAMMARSTRÖM, L. ; BIRD, A. G. ; SMITH, C. I. E.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1980Staff ViewISSN: 1365-3083Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Using the protein A plaque assay, the capacity of various polyclonal B cell activators to induce differentiation in human B lymphocytes was investigated. Dextran sulphate and native Dextran were both virtually devoid of mitogenic properties, Lipopolysaccharide, however, was round to be a potent mitogen in human cells that, although giving rise to low DNA synthetic response, induced high numbers of immunoglobulin-synthesizing cells. Mean plaque-forming cell (PFC) numbers in healthy blood donors assayed on the optimal day (days 5–7) were 23, 493 IgM/104 cells, 11, 288 IgG/106 cells, and 2643 IgA/106 cells. Values obtained in spleen cells, peaking at days 4–6, were slightly higher. Purified protein derivative (PPD) was equally or oven more-effective than lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in generating PFC of different subclasses in peripheral blood with mean of 29, 241 IgM/106, 21, 269 IgG/106, and 3681 IgA/106. PPD furthermore induced a marked DNA synthetic response in human lymphocytes. These data suggest that LPS and PPD may both be used as functional markers in human cells when analysing patients with a suspected immunodeficiency state. It is suggested that cultures should be assayed using the protein A plaque assay, thereby being able not only to investigate the individual immunoglobulin classes but also to avoid the possible hazards involved in measuring antigen-specific responses in patients whose prior immunization to the antigen tested can never be totally excludedType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
10Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1365-3083Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Using a modification of the protein A plaque assay, muramidase (lysozyme)-producing leucocytes were detected as plaque-forming cells. In the presence of anti-muramidase Ig and complement the secreted lysozyme resulted in lysis of protein-A-coated target erythrocytes. By the use of a monolayer technique individual plaque-forming cells could he identified by staining procedures. Granulocytes as well as monocytes were found to produce muramidase and thus to form plaques. This method could serve as a useful tool when studying lysozyme secretion. Furthermore, by the use of appropriate antisera, this method could be employed for the study of any cell type (any secretion), provided enough molecules in being secreted.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
11Articles: DFG German National LicensesPersson, U. ; Hammarström, L. ; Möller, E. ; Möller, G. ; Smith, C. I. E.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1978Staff ViewISSN: 1600-065XSource: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
12Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1600-065XSource: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineType of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
13Articles: DFG German National LicensesArteaga, H. J. ; Mohamed, A. J. ; Christensson, B. ; Mahdy, E. ; Gahrton, G. ; Smith, C. I. E. ; Dilber, M. S.
Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
Published 2005Staff ViewISSN: 1365-3083Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: The application of cytokines for immunotherapy is frequently hampered by undesirable side effects. To avoid systemic effects, cytokines can be directly expressed in the target cells by using gene transfer. However, the uncontrolled cellular secretion of cytokines could still exert some undesirable bystander effects. Therefore, it is important to develop additional methods for a more restricted administration of cytokines. Recently, using the murine granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF), we have demonstrated that cytokines can be targeted to different subcellular compartments as stable and biologically active proteins. This model could be used as a method of highly restricted administration of cytokines. Here, as model for the proof of principle, we have used a cell line (DA-3) strictly dependent on mGM-CSF for growth and demonstrated that these cells acquired autonomous growth after gene modification with plasmids encoding either extracellular or intracellular forms of mGM-CSF. Cell lines expressing secreted forms of mGM-CSF displayed the highest rates of autonomous growth and released substantial amounts of mGM-CSF. However, cell lines expressing intracellular forms of mGM-CSF also acquired autonomous growth induced by a mechanism of restricted autocrine stimulation and did not release detectable mGM-CSF to the extracellular medium. Cocultivation experiments of DA-3 cell lines expressing intracellular mGM-CSF with unmodified cells showed that there was no activation of the bystander cells. Taken together, these results support the concept that genes encoding intracellular cytokines may be used to provide the desired effect of cytokines on the target cells while avoiding the side effects of their uncontrolled secretion.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
14Articles: DFG German National LicensesPRIMI, D. ; HAMMARSTROM, L. ; MÖLLER, G. ; SMITH, C. I. E. ; UHR, JAQUELINE
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1979Staff ViewISSN: 1365-3083Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Concanavalin A induced polyclonal antibody synthesis in normal spleen cells in vitro. Optimal responses were obtained by Con A concentrations lower than those optimal for induction of DNA synthesis. T cells, but not macrophages, were necessary for the effect. Spleen cells from nude mice were not activated, whereas cells from the LPS non-responder stain C3H/HeJ were activated to polyclonal antibody synthesis by Con A. Supernatants from Con A activated spleen cells could by themselves induce polyclonal antibody synthesis in untreated spleen cell cultures, even when Con A had been removed by absorption with Sephadex G-50 and when alpha-methyl-mannoside was present in the secondary cultures. T cells produced the active Supernatants, which were competent to induce polyclonal antibody synthesis, but not DNA synthesis, in both H-2-incompatible and compatible strains. When the Supernatants were absorbed with erythrocyte antigens, they specifically induced an enhanced response, in secondary cultures, to the antigen used for absorption. Possible mechanisms of this specific effect are discussed.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
15Articles: DFG German National LicensesPERSSON, U. ; BICK, P. H. ; HAMMARSTRÖM, L. ; MÖLLER, E. ; SMITH, C. I. E.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1978Staff ViewISSN: 1365-3083Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Con A is known to activate T cells to proliferation and the development of effector cells. Conflicting reports have been published as to the need for accessory cells in the T-cell response induced by Con A. We have found that the proliferative response in purified mouse spleen T cells induced by various doses of Con A requires different culture conditions and helper cells. The Con-A-induced response induced by optimal and high concentrations of the ligand requires the presence of either serum or adherent cells obtained from the peritoneal cavity or the spleen. For induction of a proliferative response by low doses of Con A both serum and helper cells must be present. The T-cell response to suboptimal concentrations of Con A is further characterized by the fact (hat the presence of an Ia-positive cell is required. Removal of Ia-positive cells from purified T cells results in a loss of the response of remaining cells to low doses of Con A hut has less effect on the response induced by higher concentrations of the activating ligand. The possibility that distinct subsets of T cells are responding to low and high concentrations of Con A will he discussed.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
16Articles: DFG German National LicensesSMITH, C. I. E. ; HAMMARSTRÖM, L. L. G. ; WATERFIELD, J. D.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1978Staff ViewISSN: 1365-3083Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: The effect of three membrane stabilizing compounds, chlorpromazine, imipramine and lidocaine, on mouse spleen cells was investigated. Cellular activation by the B-cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was found to be inhibited. Suppressing doses also inhibited background DNA-synthesis and the number of background plaque forming cells. However, the degree of suppression caused by all three of the membrane stabilizing agents tested, parallelled the decline of viable cells in the cultures. It is concluded that the drug induced inhibition of LPS activation was due solely to the toxicity of the compounds.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
17Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1365-3083Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: In order to investigate a possible role of suppressor T cells in the maintenance of self tolerance, we compared the autoimmune response induced by LPS in cultures of untreated spleen cells with the one of anti-theta treated spleen lymphocytes. It was constantly found that T cell depletion never resulted in an increase in the number of plaques directed against autologous albumin coupled SRBC. The same finding was also apparent when the autoimmune response given by spleen cells of old, normal or thymectomized and young untreated animals was compared. In order to exclude the possibility that lack of increase of the autoimmune response in animals with T cells deficiency was due to long-lived suppressor functions, cells or factors, we compared the response to autologous albumin, as induced by LPS, in spleen cells of nude mice with the one given by their normal littermates. Since even in this instance no significant increase could be detected, we conclude that suppressor cells do not play an active role in the maintenance of self tolerance.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
18Articles: DFG German National LicensesVIDAL-GOMEZ, J. ; HAMMARSTRÖM, L. ; SMITH, C. I. E.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1978Staff ViewISSN: 1365-3083Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: In an attempt 10 definitively determine whether the pure presentation of haptens (on repetitive, non-metabolizable carriers) to B lymphocytes triggers differentiation to antibody-producing cells, dinitrophenyl and trinitrophenyl groups have been covalently coupled to potentially inert carriers (polymethylmethacrylate, chlorinated polyethylene and cellulose). The resulting conjugates (with three different degrees of hapten substitution) are not immunogenic. It is therefore concluded that the pure presentation of haptens to B lymphocytes docs not trigger antibody formation.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
19Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1365-3083Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Polymyxins are known to be inhibitors of certain polyclonal B cell activators such as lipopolysac-charide and dextransulphate. However, increased specific responses to hapten-coupled mitogens have been reported after the addition of polymyxins to superoptimal conjugate doses. In this paper we have studied the effect of polymyxin B on superoptimal polyclonal doses of lipoporysaccharide. Results similar to those reported for hapten-lipopolysaccharide conjugates were obtained. Polymyxin B was also found to exert adjuvant properties for a primary immune response to sheep erythrocytes and to be a thymus-independent antigen.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
20Articles: DFG German National LicensesHAMMARSTRÖM, L. ; SMITH, C. I. E. ; PERSSON, U.
Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Published 1978Staff ViewISSN: 1365-3083Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005Topics: MedicineNotes: Lanatoside C, a digitalis glycoside previously shown to be a polyclonal B-cell activator (PBA), was found to stimulate immature cells residing in fetal liver, bone marrow and spleen but also to activate cells from peripheral lymph nodes and peripheral blood. The proliferative response obtained in spleen cells was not affected by macrophage removal, whereas anti-Ig or anti-la antiserum pretreatment partially inhibited the responses. Removal of T cells by a pretreatment with anti-Thy 1.2 antiserum plus complement caused a marked increase in the proliferative response of the remaining cells, suggesting the existence of a naturally occurring suppressor T cell for glycoside-induced mitogenesis. Synergy experiments with ‘classical’ PBAs and lanatoside C, given simultaneously or subsequently, suggest an overlap between the lanatoside-C-responding cell population and the dextran sulphate (DxS)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-sensitive cells. Since DxS-induced activation of B cells is dependent on macrophages, it is suggested that lanatoside C may be used as a functional marker for direct activation of immature B cells.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: