Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:Biondi)

2024-08-06

The G20 has become the preeminent forum for international economic coordination. Twenty years after its creation, the paper reviews its performance with respect to the coordination of macroeconomic policies. The retrospective assessment focuses on two main questions: (i) Have the G20 summits succeeded in promoting macroeconomic policies with positive cross-border consequences, while preventing the opposite? (ii) To what extent has expanding the G7 to a diverse group of emerging and developing economies significantly changed the discourse and affected substantive outcomes? We argue that the G20 played a key role during the crisis of 2008, but policy coordination has been problematic since. Our review suggests that the G20 Presidencies of the emerging economies have made considerable efforts to shape the agenda toward issues of their interest, but have not always prevailed, notably on issues of global financial governance.

Wirtschaft ; Economics ; G20; macroeconomic coordination; global economic governance; emerging economies; developing economies ; Volkswirtschaftstheorie ; National Economy ; 10900

Zeitschriftenartikel, journal article

book

2012

Geschichte (Histor) ; Bürgerrechtsbewegung ; Hochschule ; USA

English

book

2000

Informationsgesellschaft ; Schule

Italian

book

1989

Sekundarbereich ; Berufsausbildung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Belgien ; Deutschland-BRD ; Dänemark ; Frankreich ; Griechenland ; Irland ; Luxemburg ; Niederlande ; Portugal ; Spanien

Italian

Literaturangaben

book

1991

Bildungssystem ; Bildungspolitik ; Kind ; Schule ; Interkulturelle Bildung ; Multikulturelle Erziehung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Integration ; Ausländer ; Migrant ; Belgien ; Deutschland ; Dänemark ; England ; Frankreich ; Griechenland ; Großbritannien ; Luxemburg ; Niederlande ; Portugal ; Schottland ; Spanien

Italian

Literaturangaben

book

1983

Literatur ; Integration ; Arbeitnehmer ; Ausländer ; Jugendlicher

German

book

1981

Isolation ; Angst ; Entfremdung ; Schicksal ; Familie ; Kind ; Ausländerpädagogik ; Gedicht ; Literatur ; Lyrik ; Prosa ; Heimat ; Asyl ; Internationale Beziehungen ; Migrationshintergrund ; Umwelt ; Arbeitsmigration ; Emigrant ; Alltag ; Zukunft ; Arbeitnehmer ; Ausländer

German

book

1982

Schule ; Faschismus ; Italien

Italian

Literaturangaben S. 205 - 220

book

2015

Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie ; Medieneinsatz ; Mediennutzung ; Schule ; Lernen ; Lernprozess ; Lernumgebung ; Lernplattform ; Programmierung ; Unterricht ; Innovation

English

book

2007

Digitale Medien ; Schule ; Internet

Italian

2018-09-01

MDPI Publishing

2071-1050

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

2018-09-18

American Physical Society (APS)

1098-0121

1095-3795

Physics

Inhomogeneous, disordered, and partially ordered systems

2018-04-04

MDPI Publishing

2073-4441

Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

2015-08-01

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

*Carbon Cycle ; *Climate Change ; *Droughts ; Europe ; *Forests ; Models, Theoretical ; Trees/*growth & development ; United States

2018-07-05

MDPI Publishing

1999-4907

Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

1471-4159

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

The methyl ester of succinic semialdehyde (SSA) was examined as a substrate for succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) from rat brain. It was found that the ester can be oxidized by the enzyme. Values of Km for SSA-Me were higher than for those for SSA, and for this substrate the enzyme showed a substrate-dependent inhibition. This finding suggests that the carboxylate group of SSA is not essential in the process of inhibition of SSADH by the substrate. Cyclopropyl analogues of SSA, cis- and trans-1-formyl-cyclopropan-2-carboxylic acids, were also individually tested as substrates of SSADH. Only the trans isomer was found to be oxidized to the corresponding dicarboxylic acid; it inhibited the enzyme in the same range of concentrations as SSA. The above data suggest that, as for γ-aminobutyric acid, SSA is present in an unfolded, transoid conformation at the active site of SSADH.

Electronic Resource

1365-2478

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Geosciences

Physics

The application of McClellan transformations considerably reduces the computational cost of 3D wavefield depth extrapolation by explicit convolutional methods. The accuracy of migration methods based on McClellan transformation depends on how well the transformation filter (cos !;κ!;) is approximated; errors in this approximation cause anisotropy in the extrapolation operator and frequency dispersion in the migrated results. The anisotropy can be greatly reduced by rotating the approximate filter by 45° and averaging the rotated filter with the original filter. The application of the rotated filter yields a migration method that correctly images very steep dips, with little or no additional computational cost. McClellan migration with the improved circular response enhances the imaging of synthetic and real data.

Electronic Resource

1365-2478

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Geosciences

Physics

We present a migration velocity analysis (MVA) method based on wavefield extrapolation. Similarly to conventional MVA, our method aims at iteratively improving the quality of the migrated image, as measured by the flatness of angle-domain common-image gathers (ADCIGs) over the aperture-angle axis. However, instead of inverting the depth errors measured in ADCIGs using ray-based tomography, we invert ‘image perturbations’ using a linearized wave-equation operator. This operator relates perturbations of the migrated image to perturbations of the migration velocity. We use prestack Stolt residual migration to define the image perturbations that maximize the focusing and flatness of ADCIGs.Our linearized operator relates slowness perturbations to image perturbations, based on a truncation of the Born scattering series to the first-order term. To avoid divergence of the inversion procedure when the velocity perturbations are too large for Born linearization of the wave equation, we do not invert directly the image perturbations obtained by residual migration, but a linearized version of the image perturbations. The linearized image perturbations are computed by a linearized prestack residual migration operator applied to the background image. We use numerical examples to illustrate how the backprojection of the linearized image perturbations, i.e. the gradient of our objective function, is well behaved, even in cases when backprojection of the original image perturbations would mislead the inversion and take it in the wrong direction.We demonstrate with simple synthetic examples that our method converges even when the initial velocity model is far from correct. In a companion paper, we illustrate the full potential of our method for estimating velocity anomalies under complex salt bodies.

Electronic Resource

1471-4159

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Abstract— Dopamine, norepinephrine, carbamylcholine and PGE1 (prostaglandin E1). increased cyclic AMP concentrations in slices of bovine superior cervical ganglia. PGF1α was less effective and neither PGE2 nor PGF2α had any effect. Dopamine and PGE, alone or in combination, did not modify low Km cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity. Combinations of dopamine and PGE, showed a marked synergistic effect, increasing ganglionic cyclic AMP to a much greater extent than that observed when the two compounds were tested alone. Norepinephrine (10 μM), which increased cyclic AMP as much as 10 μm-dopamine, showed no synergistic effect when tested in the presence of PGE1 or other PGs. Phentolamine, fluphenazine and triflupromazine blocked the dopamine effect without suppressing its synergism with PGE1 Adenylate cyclase of synaptosomes isolated from the ganglia under a variety of experimental conditions appeared to be as responsive to PGE1 as the slices, but it was poorly stimulated by dopamine and was not synergistically modulated by dopamine in the presence of PGE1These and other data are interpreted as indicating the presence of both a PGE1-sensitive and a PGE1-modulated dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the cervical ganglion. These adenylate cyclases are tentatively assigned to pre- and post-synaptic structures respectively.

Electronic Resource

1365-2478

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Geosciences

Physics

Subsalt imaging is strongly dependent on the quality of the velocity model. However, rugose salt bodies complicate wavefield propagation and lead to subsalt multipathing, illumination gaps and shadow zones, which cannot be handled correctly by conventional traveltime-based migration velocity analysis (MVA). We overcome these limitations by the wave-equation MVA technique, introduced in a companion paper, and demonstrate the methodology on a realistic synthetic data set simulating a salt-dome environment and a Gulf of Mexico data set. We model subsalt propagation using wave paths created by one-way wavefield extrapolation. Those wave paths are much more accurate and robust than broadband rays, since they inherit the frequency dependence and multipathing of the underlying wavefield. We formulate an objective function for optimization in the image space by relating an image perturbation to a perturbation of the velocity model. The image perturbations are defined using linearized prestack residual migration, thus ensuring stability, relative to the first-order Born approximation assumptions. Synthetic and real data examples demonstrate that wave-equation MVA is an effective tool for subsalt velocity analysis, even when shadows and illumination gaps are present.

Electronic Resource