Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:B. M. Morrison)

2012-07-18

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Animals ; Axons/*metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down-Regulation ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Lactic Acid/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Motor Neurons/metabolism/*pathology ; Myelin Sheath/metabolism ; Nerve Degeneration/*metabolism ; Oligodendroglia/*metabolism ; Protein Transport ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics/metabolism ; Symporters/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism

1600-0846

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background/aims: Patch test procedures have been developed to compare the irritation potential of surfactant-based products. Skin changes due to product application are usually assessed visually by a trained evaluator using standard scoring scales or instrumentally. This study has been carried out to optimize the assessment of skin dryness in the Modified Soap Chamber Test both by visual scoring and Comeometer measurement, with transepidermal water loss as an additional measure.Methods: Products were applied, under occlusion, to the skin, for 2 successive periods of 24 and 21 h; skin reactions were evaluated 3 h after removal of each series of patches, and followed up to 7 days after patches had been removed.Results: Skin dryness progressively develops after patch removal, and reaches a maximum 3 to 5 days later. Capacitance measurements correlate the best with visual scoring of dryness when waiting 5 days after patch removal before assessment.Conclusions: Comeometer is an useful instrument to quantify observed dryness only when transepidermal water loss has recovered a value close to its baseline value. For both visual and instrumental assessments of skin dryness, waiting 3 to 5 days after patch removal in the Modified Soap Chamber Test will provide the most valuable results.

Electronic Resource

1600-0846

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background/Aims: Mildness of skin cleansing products is often claimed although difficult to substantiate. Both the society and the producer share a common interest that cleansing products are safe in use and that valid methods are used for premarketing evaluation of new products. The object of the present study was to evaluate methodological aspects when three products were compared using two different test systems to characterize their irritant properties.Methods: A modified soap chamber test (M-SCT) and an iterative short-term patch test (IPT) were performed. Eight healthy female volunteers aged 18 to 55 selected as having responsive skin were studied. Colorimetry and measurement of transepider-mal water loss was employed. A soap, a synthetic detergent bar and a facial cleanser were studied with deionized water as a reference.Results: The IPT appeared more sensitive than the M-SCT for the detection and discrimination of irritation. The techniques allowed the ranking of the irritant properties of the products relative to water, which showed low values in both systems.Conclusion: Ranking of irritant properties of cleansing products was possible even in a limited number of individuals. Iterative short-term patch test was more sensitive than a modified soap chamber test.

Electronic Resource

1600-0846

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background/aims: The skin irritation potential of a body cleansing product is often compared under exaggerated test conditions, although the product is intended to be used at home with repetitive and brief contact with the skin. The aim of this study was to determine how much patch testing is predictive of the clinical, sub-clinical and subjective cutaneous effects of products used at home by consumers for their normal hygienic cleansing.Methods: A double-blind comparative study of the normal use of an alkaline soap bar and a syndet at home during 10 consecutive weeks was performed on two identical groups of 25 healthy female subjects. The eventual skin changes observed at different anatomical skin sites were evaluated by clinical visual examination and by bioengineering measurements before the start of the study and then every 2 weeks. The objective measurements were compared with the subject’s perceptions of dryness, tightness and product irritancy during the testing.Results: The bioengineering measurements did not show any significant changes on all the anatomical skin sites, except for a small increase in skin pH with the classical soap bar. However, a trend appeared, showing that the alkaline soap bar is perceived by the subjects themselves as more of an irritant than the syndet bar. In the soap chamber test, the bar soap showed a significantly higher irritancy than the syndet bar.Conclusion: This study showed that cutaneous irritation induced by cleansing products in patch testing is not necessarily predictive of the irritation likely to occur in normal use conditions. Finally, a clear relationship could be demonstrated between the results of the soap chamber test and the consumer perception of both cleansing bars.

Electronic Resource

0030-851X

Political Science

Sociology

Economics

Book Reviews