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1Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressStaff View
Publication Date: 2015-02-13Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsPublished by: -
2Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in PressA. G. Hinch ; A. Tandon ; N. Patterson ; Y. Song ; N. Rohland ; C. D. Palmer ; G. K. Chen ; K. Wang ; S. G. Buxbaum ; E. L. Akylbekova ; M. C. Aldrich ; C. B. Ambrosone ; C. Amos ; E. V. Bandera ; S. I. Berndt ; L. Bernstein ; W. J. Blot ; C. H. Bock ; E. Boerwinkle ; Q. Cai ; N. Caporaso ; G. Casey ; L. A. Cupples ; S. L. Deming ; W. R. Diver ; J. Divers ; M. Fornage ; E. M. Gillanders ; J. Glessner ; C. C. Harris ; J. J. Hu ; S. A. Ingles ; W. Isaacs ; E. M. John ; W. H. Kao ; B. Keating ; R. A. Kittles ; L. N. Kolonel ; E. Larkin ; L. Le Marchand ; L. H. McNeill ; R. C. Millikan ; A. Murphy ; S. Musani ; C. Neslund-Dudas ; S. Nyante ; G. J. Papanicolaou ; M. F. Press ; B. M. Psaty ; A. P. Reiner ; S. S. Rich ; J. L. Rodriguez-Gil ; J. I. Rotter ; B. A. Rybicki ; A. G. Schwartz ; L. B. Signorello ; M. Spitz ; S. S. Strom ; M. J. Thun ; M. A. Tucker ; Z. Wang ; J. K. Wiencke ; J. S. Witte ; M. Wrensch ; X. Wu ; Y. Yamamura ; K. A. Zanetti ; W. Zheng ; R. G. Ziegler ; X. Zhu ; S. Redline ; J. N. Hirschhorn ; B. E. Henderson ; H. A. Taylor, Jr. ; A. L. Price ; H. Hakonarson ; S. J. Chanock ; C. A. Haiman ; J. G. Wilson ; D. Reich ; S. R. Myers
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Published 2011Staff ViewPublication Date: 2011-07-22Publisher: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Print ISSN: 0028-0836Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687Topics: BiologyChemistry and PharmacologyMedicineNatural Sciences in GeneralPhysicsKeywords: Africa, Western/ethnology ; African Americans/*genetics ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crossing Over, Genetic/*genetics ; Europe/ethnology ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; ProbabilityPublished by: -
3Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1420-9136Keywords: Key Words: Island, edifice failure, landslide, tsunami.Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: GeosciencesPhysicsNotes: Abstract —Volcanic ocean islands are prone to structural failure of the edifice that result in landslides that can generate destructive tsunamis. These island landslides range enormously in size, varying from small rock falls to giant sector failures involving tens of cubic kilometers of debris. A survey of literature has allowed us to identify twenty-three processes that contribute to edifice collapse. These have been divided into endogenetic and exogenetic sources of edifice failure. Endogenetic sources of instability and failure include unstable foundations, volcanic intrusions, thermal alteration, edifice pore pressures, unbuttressed structures, and buried faults. Exogenetic sources of instability and failure include collapse of subaerial or submarine deposits, endo-upwelling, karst megaporosity, fractures, oversteepening, overloading, sea-level change, marine erosion, weathering including hurricanes, glacial response, volcanic activity, regional uplift or subsidence, tectonic seismicity and anthropogenic agents. While the endogenetic sources dominate during periods of active volcanism and cone building, the exogenetic sources may cause failure at any time. Tsunamis, both small and large, are associated with these edifice failures.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
4Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1420-9136Keywords: Key Words: Landslides, submarine volcanism, Pacific, Samoa.Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: GeosciencesPhysicsNotes: Abstract —Sidescan sonar observations show that mass wasting plays an important role in the geologic development of the Savaii Island edifice. Observations on the south and west flanks indicate that debris movement on the submarine slopes between rift zones is characterized by large sheets of unchannelized debris. Farther downslope these sheets have slumped into folded although still relatively coherent slump sheets. Closer to the rift zones, more chaotic slumps are found. The presence of large detached landslide blocks, without obvious upslope headwall scarps, suggests that earlier slumps are covered by subsequent veneers of debris moving downslope.¶In contrast, on Stearns Bank west of the island of Savaii most of the features are of constructional origin, formed during the building of this volcanic edifice of unknown age. Two prominentsubmarine platforms are evident, the shallower one with a summit cone. Sea cliffs and subdued terraces record platforms cut by sea-level oscillations late in the history of the volcanic edifice. Fractures and fissures are present on the bank, however there is little evidence of landslides in this area. The absence of landslides may reflect differing ages of the bank and the island or the edifice could have remained submarine during its construction with few or no subaerially derived ashes and clays present to facilitate mass wasting.¶We conclude that mass wasting is an important influence on the evolution of the Savaii volcanic edifice. It appears that sediment and debris cover most of the slope outside the submarine rift zones. The sonar images indicate that mass wasting is a common process in the submarine environment. Unlike the giant landslides documented by GLORIA imagery around the Hawaiian Islands, the southern margin of Samoa is characterized by numerous small slumps and slides. Although we have little information at present regarding the recurrence interval for submarine landslides, their ubiquitous presence in these sidescan sonar records indicates that they are an important component of the geologic record of the Samoan Islands.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
5Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1420-9136Keywords: Key Words: Gravel, facies analysis, coastal sedimentation, rocky shoreline, ocean island, Hawaii, tsunami, submarine landslide.Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: GeosciencesPhysicsNotes: Abstract —Recognition that many oceanic islands are shaped by giant landslides has highlighted claims that the Hulopoe Gravel on south Lanai, Hawaii, was deposited by giant waves (mega-tsunami) generated by such a landslide. This interpretation is controversial. Resolution of the controversy has global implications because mass wasting of oceanic islands has been a common process for as long as hot spot volcanism has affected the ocean basins. Thus, if mega-tsunami are attendant upon the mass wasting process, their effect on earth surface processes should be discernible for much of geological time and may be comparable to that resulting from bolide impacts that form astroblemes.¶Detailed facies analysis of the pebble, cobble and boulder gravels that form the Hulopoe Gravel type section shows that the gravels are composed predominantly of basalt clasts with appreciable amounts of limestone clasts in 8 of the 14 beds present. Deposition was not continuous: eight disconformities are recognized in the 9.2 m type section, three of which are associated with truncated paleosols. The Hulopoe Gravel was not deposited by a single tsunami at 105 ka, as has been proposed. One bed is clearly an alluvial deposit. The origins of others are unclear but the facies data do not exclude tsunami as one of the processes that deposited individual beds within the Hulopoe Gravel, either above or below sea level.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
6Articles: DFG German National LicensesKeating, B. ; Cherkis, N. Z. ; Fell, P. W. ; Handschmacher, D. ; Hey, R. N. ; Lazarewicz, A. ; Naar, D. F. ; Perry, R. K. ; Sandwell, D. ; Schwank, D. C. ; Vogt, P. ; Zondek, B.
Springer
Published 1984Staff ViewISSN: 1573-0581Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: GeosciencesPhysicsNotes: Abstract Knowledge of the locations and sizes of seamounts is of great importance in applications such as inertial navigation and ocean mining. The quality and density of bathymetry data in the equatorial regions and the southern hemisphere are, unifortunately, highly variable. Our present knowledge of bathymetry, and in particular of seamount locations and characteristics, is based upon ship surveys, which are both time-consuming and expensive. It is likely that a significant number of uncharted seamounts exist throughout the oceans, and remote-sensing techniques may be the most effective means of locating them.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
7Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1573-5036Keywords: nitrogen ; wheat ; simulation ; yield-response curveSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, NutritionNotes: Abstract Models of the yield responses of crops to applied nutrients are a recent addition to the methods available for making fertilizer recommendations. They have a place in integrating nutrient information with information on other factors which affect yield and its response to added nutrients. This review deals with nitrogen models classified into three groups: those which predict yield-response curves based on empirical factors; those which simulate the yield response from complex simulation models of many processes regulating crop growth and the soil environment; and those which aim to simulate yield and selected processes based on simplified functional relationships which apply to a target region or industry. Three case studies representing the three classes of model are drawn from research on dryland wheat in different parts of Australia. They show examples in which models provide information which is unobtainable from experimental procedures and which provide information useful to farmers in making decisions about fertilizers. Suggestions are made for future developments in crop-nutrient modelling including further comparisons of models, linkage of models with tissue tests, modelling co-limiting nutrients, deciding on the appropriate level of detail within a model and the need for methods for calibrating and testing models on attributes other than yield alone.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: -
8Articles: DFG German National LicensesStaff View
ISSN: 1572-9680Keywords: annual crops ; drainage ; evaportranspiration ; lucerne ; uptake ; water balanceSource: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, NutritionNotes: Abstract Water balance information at locations across southern Australia is analysed to identify mechanistic causes for higher water tables under agricultural systems compared to natural vegetation. Contrasting patterns of water use indicate pronounced physiological activity in summer by natural ecosystems ensuring the persistence of the dominant perennial species. A strategy of tempered water use during periods of rainfall excess in winter/spring enables seasonal carryover of soil water to be withdrawn by deep roots for summer functioning. Characteristic patterns of water use by agricultural systems, comprised mainly of determinant annual species, are truncated in time but feature elevated peak rates coinciding with periods of maximum soil water availability during the cooler months. Low seasonal vapour pressure deficit explains the observed benefits of enhanced biomass production due to high water use efficiency. The associated limited scope for soil water uptake carries the penalty of increased frequency of drainage and the subsequent resource degradation currently associated with farmland. Inclusion of a perennial lucerne phase in rotation with crops confers environmental benefit through summer uptake from a rooting depth double that of crops. An effective buffer is thus provided to restrict drainage under an ensuing cropping phase in a manner that more closely emulates natural systems. Simulations of phase farming point to a halving in long term drainage. They suggest adoption over a range of arable land units could cause local retreat of water tables by 0.3 m y−1 initially, leading to a new equilibrium level which would still remain elevated with respect to that under natural vegetation.Type of Medium: Electronic ResourceURL: