Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:B. Goldman)

2011-09-24

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

0036-8075

1095-9203

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Computer Science

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

Animals ; Bees/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Female ; Flowers/*anatomy & histology ; Fossils ; Genetic Speciation ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Odors ; Orchidaceae/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics/*physiology ; Phylogeny ; *Pollination ; Selection, Genetic ; *Symbiosis

2014-01-31

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

0028-0836

1476-4687

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Natural Sciences in General

Physics

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Over a nine-year period, 925 pregnancies at an Israeli medical centre were selected for investigation by amniocentesis for genetic reasons. In only 30 pregnancies did failure of laboratory methods or difficulty with amniocentesis lead to a lack of results with which to assess the normality of the fetus. The information obtained by examination of the amniotic fluid in the other 895 pregnancies is presented and discussed.

Electronic Resource

1471-0528

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

A new method for evaluation of fetal lung maturity in utero is described. The method is based on the fluorescence polarization (P) of the lipids in the amniotic fluid after labelling with a special dye. Tests performed with 49 amniotic fluid samples drawn from 33 pregnancies clearly demonstrated a decrease in P during gestation which correlated with the increase in the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (L/S) in the fluid. During gestation the P value at 24°C decreased steadily from about 0.4 to 0.2 and the value of P (24°C)= 0.310 has been tentatively chosen as the threshold above which respiratory distress syndrome may develop. The described method, which requires a specially designed instrument, offers a series of important advantages over the presently available methods. It is simple, rapid, highly accurate and reproducible, and independent of amniotic fluid volume. The P value reflects the microviscosity in the whole lipid assembly of amniotic fluid and is not confined specifically to lecithin.

Electronic Resource

1468-3083

Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Medicine

Background Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder of keratinization.Methods We studied five members of a Jewish family with epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Genomic DNA was extracted from leucocytes, and exon 1 of the keratin 9 gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction techniques.Results The mutation was found in exon 1 of the keratin 9 gene in codon 160.Conclusions Like most of the other families with clinical features of epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma the mutation is found in exon 1 of the keratin 9 gene.

Electronic Resource

0005-2760

(Rat) ; Fluorescence polarization ; Lipid dynamics ; Lung surfactant ; Microviscosity ; Phase transition ; Pressure

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Medicine

Physics

Electronic Resource

0022-4731

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Electronic Resource

0885-4505

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Medicine

Electronic Resource

0006-291X

Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Biology

Chemistry and Pharmacology

Physics

Electronic Resource

1420-9071

Hamster ; Djungarian ; melatonin rhythm ; pineal ; long-day rearing ; short-day rearing

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary Male Djungarian hamsters, reared under long (16L/8D) or short (10L/14D) days, were sacrificed at various ages during the day or night, or at night following a 30-min light pulse. The pineal melatonin rhythm matured similarly under long and short days by 20 days of age. The results are discussed in context of the hypothesis that melatonin mediates the photoperiod effects which forestall puberty in short-day reared hamsters.

Electronic Resource

1420-9071

Melatonin ; pineal gland ; photoperiodism

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary The central role of the pineal gland and its hormone melatonin (MEL) in mammalian photoperiodic responses is discussed in terms of: 1) evidence for the involvement of MEL in photoperiodism, 2) which feature of the MEL secretion profile might be most important for regulating photoperiodic responses, 3) evidence for the modulation of responses to changes in daylength based on previous photoperiod exposure (i.e., photoperiodic history) and 4) how the MEL signal might be processed at its target sites to elicit physiological responses.

Electronic Resource

0021-0870

Archaeology

0021-0870

Archaeology

In Memoriam Roman Ghirshman (1)

1420-9071

Circadian rhythms ; cord blood ; maternal blood ; enzyme activity pattern ; entrainment

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Abstract The 24-h activity patterns of variouns enzymes were determined in human serum, red blood cells and white blood cells of maternal and umbilical cord blood. Blood was drawn from the brachial vein of mothers and from the umbilical cord within ten minutes after delivery. Corresponding blood specimens were obtained from 83 spontaneous labors, occurring at different hours over a period of 60 days. For each variable (variable=activity of a specific enzyme in one of the blood components) the results were grouped according to delivery hour, forming a 24-h pattern which was analyzed to elucidate time dependency. Five out of six corresponding maternal and fetal variables were similar with regard to pattern and peak time. The activity rhythms of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose phosphate isomerase in red blood cells of mothers and fetuses possessed a significant bimodal pattern. The activity rhythms of the latter enzyme in white blood cells and sera exhibited a significant 24-h period. Hexosaminidase activity exhibited a distinct 24-h rhythm in maternal white blood cells, but no significant rhythm could be detected in the fetal white blood cells. The activity of hexosaminidase showed, identical 24-h patterns in maternal and cord serum when analyzed by best fit cosine, and no significant time-dependency when analyzed by ANOVA.

Electronic Resource

1432-1076

Partial trisomy 4 ; Chromosomal aberration ; Congenital malformation syndrome

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Medicine

Abstract Partial trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 4 is considered to be a rare chromosomal disorder. Its clinical and dermatoglyphic features tend to make it a clinically recognizable syndrome. This paper describes a 2 year-old female child with the characteristic findings of frontal bossing, deep-set eyes, broad nasal bridge giving the appearance of hypertelorism, wide nares, midfacial hypoplasia, large dysplastic ears, prognathism and various hand and foot malformations. Chromosomal studies showed her to be trisomic for the distal two-thirds of the short arm of number 4. The etiology of this chromosomal aberration in most instances is unknown, but may occur as a result af an unbalanced translocation in one of the parents as in the case reported here.

Electronic Resource

1432-0975

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Geosciences

Abstract Fish larvae from horizontal plankton tows along a single transect near outer ribbon reefs of the Great Barrier Reef in spring 1979 and summer 1980 had persistent distributional patterns. Larvae were identified to family and divided into young (preflexion) and old (postflexion) larvae, thus giving 28 taxa abundant enough for analysis. Non-uniform larval distributions were found for 81% of the 16 reef fish taxa with non-pelagic eggs, but for only 17% of the six reef fish taxa with pelagic eggs. Most differences in larval concentration were between the lagoonal and seaward sides of the reef. Only tripterygiid larvae had highest concentration just seaward of the reef, while larvae of 12 reef and three oceanic fish taxa occurred in highest concentrations on the lagoonal side of the reef. In five taxa of reef fishes, higher larval concentrations were found in the lagoonal backreef compared with the mid-lagoon habitat; but the reverse was not found in any taxon. Eleven taxa had indeterminate distributions, (i.e. no difference in concentration between stations). Mechanisms responsible for the distribution remain unknown, but we suggest that the view which considers fish larvae to be passively-drifting particles is unjustified without more information on larval behaviour.

Electronic Resource

1432-0975

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Geosciences

Abstract Current data were collected at 3 stations in the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon of Australia between Lizard Island and Carter Reef, an outer ribbon reef, (approximately 14°S) over a 2 year period. During the southeast Trade wind season (March–September), net circulation at all stations was to the northwest, parallel to the coast and reefs, with little cross-shelf movement. This motion was periodic at about 20 days and highly coherent with the wind. During the non-Trade wind season (October–February) the net circulation depended on the variable wind regime and exhibited frequent current reversals and cross-shelf motion. Tidal currents were superimposed on the net circulation and were mainly cross-shelf but with a tidal excursion of only about 5 km on a flood tide. Tidal currents close to Carter Reef were not cross-shelf but remained parallel to the reef, suggesting that the major tidal flux is through the reef passages. Net circulation close to Carter Reef was not coherent with net circulation at the stations in more open waters, during both Trade and non-Trade seasons. Current speeds were typically 10–30 cm s-1. Passive plankters entering the water from Carter Reef are therefore likely to remain close to the outer ribbon reefs and be moved parallel to them. Based on the above, we predict that in the Trade wind season, passive plankters would be advected further from their point of origin than during the non-Trade wind season, but there would be more cross-shelf advection during the latter.

Electronic Resource

1432-136X

Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Biology

Medicine

Summary The Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) is a photoperiodic species in which exposure to a short day photoperiod induces gonadal atrophy. When hibernating male Turkish hamsters were administered testosterone via subcutaneous silastic capsules hibernation was abruptly terminated. The threshold serum testosterone level required to prevent hibernation was intermediate between the levels observed in males with fully-regressed and fully-functional testes. Dihydrotestosterone was as effective as testosterone in blocking hibernation. Estradiol had a partial inhibitory effect. Progesterone and corticosterone implants had no effect on hibernation. Similar results were obtained in female hamsters. The total period of hibernation for untreated males under laboratory conditions was usually 5–6 months. In most animals testicular growth began to occur toward the end of that period. As gonadal growth continued bouts of torpor decreased in frequency and duration, and hibernation was terminated when the testes approached reproductive size. Castrated males continued to hibernate much longer than intact animals. These observations suggest that in nature decreasing day length in the fall initiates gonadal regression which is followed by cold-induced hibernation. In the spring spontaneous recrudescence of the testes may lead to termination of the dormancy period. This mechanism may enable the species to prepare for the reproductive season with maximum efficiency.

Electronic Resource