Search Results - (Author, Cooperation:B. Chapman)

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  1. 1
    S. K. Gire ; A. Goba ; K. G. Andersen ; R. S. Sealfon ; D. J. Park ; L. Kanneh ; S. Jalloh ; M. Momoh ; M. Fullah ; G. Dudas ; S. Wohl ; L. M. Moses ; N. L. Yozwiak ; S. Winnicki ; C. B. Matranga ; C. M. Malboeuf ; J. Qu ; A. D. Gladden ; S. F. Schaffner ; X. Yang ; P. P. Jiang ; M. Nekoui ; A. Colubri ; M. R. Coomber ; M. Fonnie ; A. Moigboi ; M. Gbakie ; F. K. Kamara ; V. Tucker ; E. Konuwa ; S. Saffa ; J. Sellu ; A. A. Jalloh ; A. Kovoma ; J. Koninga ; I. Mustapha ; K. Kargbo ; M. Foday ; M. Yillah ; F. Kanneh ; W. Robert ; J. L. Massally ; S. B. Chapman ; J. Bochicchio ; C. Murphy ; C. Nusbaum ; S. Young ; B. W. Birren ; D. S. Grant ; J. S. Scheiffelin ; E. S. Lander ; C. Happi ; S. M. Gevao ; A. Gnirke ; A. Rambaut ; R. F. Garry ; S. H. Khan ; P. C. Sabeti
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Published 2014
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2014-09-13
    Publisher:
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Print ISSN:
    0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN:
    1095-9203
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Computer Science
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Base Sequence ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Ebolavirus/*genetics/isolation & purification ; *Epidemiological Monitoring ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Genomics/methods ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/*transmission/*virology ; Humans ; Mutation ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sierra Leone/epidemiology
    Published by:
    http://www.aaas.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  2. 2
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2011-11-25
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Alternative Splicing/*genetics ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects/*genetics ; Exons/genetics ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Humans ; Indoles/pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects ; Melanoma/enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Multimerization/drug effects/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  3. 3
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2012-07-06
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Coculture Techniques ; *Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism/*secretion ; Humans ; Indoles/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Melanoma/drug therapy/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Mutation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Prognosis ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Proteomics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Stromal Cells/cytology/drug effects/metabolism/secretion ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Tumor Microenvironment/*physiology
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  4. 4
    J. Sun ; A. Ramos ; B. Chapman ; J. B. Johnnidis ; L. Le ; Y. J. Ho ; A. Klein ; O. Hofmann ; F. D. Camargo
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Published 2014
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2014-10-09
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Animals ; Cell Aging ; *Cell Lineage ; Clone Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Markers/genetics ; *Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Myelopoiesis ; Staining and Labeling ; Time Factors
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  5. 5
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2013-02-01
    Publisher:
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Print ISSN:
    0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Keywords:
    Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/classification/*genetics ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics ; Eukaryota/classification/genetics ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome/genetics ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; Proteome ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Small Interfering/*genetics
    Published by:
    http://www.nature.com/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  6. 6
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7674
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    Auxiliary edge current drive is routinely applied in the Madison Symmetric Torus [R. N. Dexter, D. W. Kerst, T. W. Lovell et al., Fusion Technol. 19, 131 (1991)] with the goal of modifying the parallel current profile to reduce current-driven magnetic fluctuations and the associated particle and energy transport. Provided by an inductive electric field, the current drive successfully reduces fluctuations and transport. First-time measurements of the modified edge current profile reveal that, relative to discharges without auxiliary current drive, the edge current density decreases. This decrease is explicable in terms of newly measured reductions in the dynamo (fluctuation-based) electric field and the electrical conductivity. Induced by the current drive, these two changes to the edge plasma play as much of a role in determining the resultant edge current profile as does the current drive itself. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1287913

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  7. 7
    Chapman, B. E. ; Almagri, A. F. ; Cekic, M. ; Den Hartog, D. J. ; Prager, S. C. ; Sarff, J. S.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1996
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7674
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    Most Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) [Fusion Technol. 19, 131 (1991)] reversed-field pinch discharges exhibit sawtooth oscillations with a period of 2–5 ms, corresponding to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability and increased transport. However, in discharges where the plasma-facing wall has been boronized, the plasma resistivity is reduced, and sawteeth are often suppressed for periods up to 20 ms. The energy confinement time during these sawtooth-free periods is triple the normal value, corresponding to a higher plasma temperature and lower Ohmic input power. In addition, the steady growth of the dominant magnetic fluctuations normally observed between sawtooth crashes is absent. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871775

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  8. 8
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7674
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    Reduction of core-resonant m=1 magnetic fluctuations and improved confinement in the Madison Symmetric Torus [Dexter et al., Fusion Technol. 19, 131 (1991)] reversed-field pinch have been routinely achieved through control of the surface poloidal electric field, but it is now known that the achieved confinement has been limited in part by edge-resonant m=0 magnetic fluctuations. Now, through refined poloidal electric field control, plus control of the toroidal electric field, it is possible to reduce simultaneously the m=0 and m=1 fluctuations. This has allowed confinement of high-energy runaway electrons, possibly indicative of flux-surface restoration in the usually stochastic plasma core. The electron temperature profile steepens in the outer region of the plasma, and the central electron temperature increases substantially, reaching nearly 1.3 keV at high toroidal plasma current (500 kA). At low current (200 kA), the total beta reaches 15% with an estimated energy confinement time of 10 ms, a tenfold increase over the standard value which for the first time substantially exceeds the constant-beta confinement scaling that has characterized most reversed-field-pinch plasmas. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1456930

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  9. 9
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7674
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    Strong E×B flow shear occurs in the edge of three types of enhanced confinement discharge in the Madison Symmetric Torus [Dexter et al., Fusion Technol. 19, 131 (1991)] reversed-field pinch. Measurements in standard (low confinement) discharges indicate that global magnetic fluctuations drive particle and energy transport in the plasma core, while electrostatic fluctuations drive particle transport in the plasma edge. This paper explores possible contributions of E×B flow shear to the reduction of both the magnetic and electrostatic fluctuations and, thus, the improved confinement. In one case, shear in the E×B flow occurs when the edge plasma is biased. Biased discharges exhibit changes in the edge electrostatic fluctuations and improved particle confinement. In two other cases, the flow shear emerges (1) when auxiliary current is driven in the edge and (2) spontaneously, following sawtooth crashes. Both edge electrostatic and global magnetic fluctuations are reduced in these discharges, and both particle and energy confinement improve. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872855

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  10. 10
    Lanier, N. E. ; Craig, D. ; Anderson, J. K. ; Biewer, T. M. ; Chapman, B. E. ; Den Hartog, D. J. ; Forest, C. B. ; Prager, S. C.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 2001
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    A recent study investigating the role of electron density fluctuations in particle transport has been conducted on the Madison Symmetric Torus reversed-field pinch. Four diagnostics enabled this experiment: a high-speed multichord far-infrared laser interferometer, a multichord Hα array, a 64-position magnetic coil array, and a Doppler spectrometer that measured impurity ion flow fluctuations. Correlation analysis is used to elucidate the relationship among density, magnetic, and impurity ion flow fluctuations. We observe that the electron density fluctuations are highly coherent with the magnetic fluctuations resulting from core-resonant resistive tearing modes. Moreover, the fluctuation-induced particle transport, obtained from the correlation between electron density and flow fluctuations, indicates that the core-resonant tearing modes do not drive significant particle transport in the plasma edge. We will address these four primary diagnostics, details of the analysis techniques, and principal results from this study. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1319613

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  11. 11
    Chapman, B. E. ; Den Hartog, D. J. ; Fonck, R. J.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1995
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7623
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes:
    A fast and inexpensive spectrometer system has been developed to record EUV impurity spectra in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) Reversed-Field Pinch (RFP). To simplify the vacuum system, light is passed out of the spectrometer's vacuum to the detector using a sodium-salicylate-coated fiber-optic coupler. This coupler is positioned such that the focal field is nearly flat over its aperture, thus minimizing defocusing at the edges of the detection plane. The system's detector is a microchannel-plate-intensified, linear, self-scanning photodiode array. The 1024-pixel array covers a bandwidth of over 80 nm and is read out once every ms. The readout, which is four times faster than the manufacturer's maximum rating, is fully synchronized to the experiment using a locally designed control circuit. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146342

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  12. 12
    Zhang, Y. S. ; Scharer, J. E. ; Chapman, B. E.

    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 1993
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7666
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    Electromagnetic wave scattering in a plasma half-space from a propagating ion acoustic wave density perturbation with a transverse conducting boundary condition is analyzed. The analysis shows that there are two different types of scattered waves. One propagates only in the region where the plasma density is perturbed, its frequency and wave vector satisfies the conditions for a three-wave interaction process. The other propagates as an unperturbed electron cyclotron mode with either an upshifted or downshifted frequency. Experiments are performed to examine electron cyclotron wave scattering by an ion acoustic wave excited by means of a grid along the magnetic field line in a mirror machine. The backscattered waves propagating away from the density perturbation region are measured and their dependence on the ion acoustic wavelength is examined. The scattered wave in the region of ion acoustic wave propagation is examined by measuring the scattered wave field pattern when the ion acoustic wave number is much larger than that of the incident wave. The measurements demonstrate that the scattered waves indeed propagate as two different modes.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860611

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  13. 13
    Lees, C. P. ; Chapman, B. L. M.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Published 1986
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1467-9604
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Education
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9604.1986.tb00265.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  14. 14
    Chapman, B L M ; Lees, P

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Published 1986
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1467-8535
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Education
    Notes:
    This paper argues that educational software should be written in such a way that teachers have access to the program's educational content. One such program, a computer-mediated reading and language development scheme, is discussed. The program allows each word of traditional orthography to be replaced by a graphic symbol if the teacher wishes.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.1986.tb00511.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  15. 15
    Chapman, B. D. ; Han, S.-W.

    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Published 2002
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1089-7550
    Source:
    AIP Digital Archive
    Topics:
    Physics
    Notes:
    The optical absorption spectrum of hydrogenated amorphous silicon–germanium (a-Si1−xGex:H) films can be tuned by the Ge content. As a result, there is considerable interest in applications of this photovoltaic alloy in solar cells. However, some aspects of the relationship between microstructure and optoelectronic properties are not yet fully understood. We report here a study of the local Ge environment in a-Si1−xGex:H films having demonstrated high photovoltaic efficiency. We present Ge K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements for samples with Ge content ranging from x=0.10 to 0.45. A structural analysis of the EXAFS reveals compositional randomness in the local Ge environment for x〈0.4, indicating short-range random miscibility of Ge and Si in the alloying process. This is consistent with measurements of earlier generations of Si-rich a-Si1−xGex:H films, and suggests that one must look beyond the first coordination shell to understand the relationship between microstructure and optoelectronic properties. We also find no compositional dependence in the Ge environment nearest-neighbor bond lengths, indicating that there is little topological rigidity in the amorphous phase. Together, these results exclude any substantial Ge nanocrystallization or segregation into regions of concentrated Ge hydrides, but do not prohibit more complicated compositional inhomogeneity caused by partial phase separation on longer length scales. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1486037

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  16. 16
    Chapman, B. E. ; James, G. E. ; Moore, W. J.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Published 1981
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1471-4159
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Abstract: High-resolution 1H NMR spectra of P2 protein from bovine peripheral nerve myelin indicate that the protein contains a high degree of tertiary structure in aqueous solution. Denaturation of the protein in urea solutions is a multi-step process. Binding of lysophosphatidylcholine micelles to the protein causes a conformational change and a broadening of NMR peaks from side chains of aromatic amino acid and methionine residues, with much less effect on upfield methyl resonances.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb10830.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  17. 17
    Chen, C. F. ; Chapman, B. J. ; Munday, K. A.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Published 1985
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1440-1681
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    1. Rats were prepared with chronic cannulae in the carotid artery, jugular vein and urinary bladder; they were then kept 2 days to allow recovery from surgery.2. A steady-state continuous saline diuresis was established, then various anaesthetic agents were injected and changes in the urine flow, sodium and potassium excretion rates, GFR, ERPF, ERBF and blood pressure were measured.3. Five groups of rats were studied: (1) control animals given saline in place of any anaesthetic agent, all parameters measured remained constant; (2) althesin (1.2 mg/kg), all parameters remained constant except for the blood pressure which decreased slightly for 5 min; (3) althesin (12 mg/kg); (4) ketamine (50 mg/kg); (5) pentothal (50 mg/kg). The above anaesthetics altered all of the measured parameters except urine output.4. Various mechanisms for these anaesthetic agents are discussed.5. In althesin anaesthetized rats, all the retarded renal parameters recovered within 30 min. It is concluded that for the study of renal function, if a brief anaesthesia is needed, althesin is a more suitable anaesthetic agent.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1985.tb02311.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  18. 18
    Gearry, R. B. ; Barclay, M. L. ; Burt, M. J. ; Collett, J. A. ; Chapman, B. A. ; Roberts, R. L. ; Kennedy, M. A.

    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Published 2003
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1365-2036
    Source:
    Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Background : Azathioprine and mercaptopurine (MP) are well established treatments for inflammatory bowel disease but they have severe adverse effects that prevent their use in some patients. The likelihood and type of adverse effect may relate to thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) enzyme activity and genotype.Aim : To compare the TPMT genotype frequencies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who have had severe adverse effects to those who tolerate azathioprine or MP (controls).Methods : Patients with inflammatory bowel disease who had been treated with azathioprine or MP in Christchurch between 1996 and 2002 were identified. Patients with adverse effects, and controls, were invited to provide a peripheral blood sample for analysis of TPMT genotype. The genotype frequencies were then compared between the two groups.Results : Fifty-six patients were identified with adverse effects requiring cessation of therapy, of which 50 were genotyped. Reactions included allergic-type (25%), hepatitis (33%), nausea/vomiting (14%), bone marrow suppression (10%), pancreatitis (6%) and other (12%). Five of 50 patients with reactions had TPMT genotype *1/*3, one had *3/*3, and the rest had the wildtype genotype *1/*1. The patient with genotype *3/*3 had severe pancytopenia requiring hospitalization. Three of 50 controls had the *1/*3 genotype and the rest were *1/*1.Conclusions : The TPMT allele frequency in our population with inflammatory bowel disease is similar to that reported elsewhere. There was a slight trend for more frequent TPMT mutations in the patients with adverse reactions, but this was not statistically significant. Most patients with reactions did not have gene mutations.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01690.x

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  19. 19
    BOR, J. ; CHAPMAN, B. G.

    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Published 1949
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1476-4687
    Source:
    Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Notes:
    [Auszug] THE optical assistants of metals can be calculated from a Jdaowledge of the ellipse of vibration which results from the reflexion of plane polarized light usu rfy at an azimuth of 45° by a plane metallic surface; In the present method, this ellipse is determined by finding [the ratio of the major ...
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/163183a0

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  20. 20
    Stratford, J.S. ; Stratford, J. ; Chapman, B.

    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1352-0237
    Source:
    Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics:
    Political Science
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-0237(94)90105-8

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses