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Zeitlin ; R. Zimdar ; M. P. Zorzano Mier
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Published 2013
    Staff View
    Publication Date:
    2013-07-23
    Publisher:
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Print ISSN:
    0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN:
    1095-9203
    Topics:
    Biology
    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Computer Science
    Medicine
    Natural Sciences in General
    Physics
    Published by:
    http://www.aaas.org/

    Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press
  2. 2
    Nunnelley, L. ; Boynton, B. ; Loveland, W.D.

    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    0029-554X
    Source:
    Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics:
    Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Physics
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0029-554X(72)90360-6

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  3. 3
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-1750
    Keywords:
    Key words: Ventilation—High frequency—Airway impedance—Flow limitation—Mediastinum—Chest wall—Mammal—Rabbit.
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Abstract. Regional effects of the chest wall on airway pressure transmission were studied during high frequency ventilation in anesthetized rabbits. We measured airway pressure (Paw), esophageal pressure (Pes), and costal pleural pressure (Ppl) by a rib capsule and flow and volume with a calibrated pneumotachograph. Using a closed circuit, pressures and flow were measured at varying frequencies (2–80 Hz) and tidal volumes (2–20 ml). Mean Pes and Ppl increased with flow amplitude above 100–250 ml/s, whereas mean Paw decreased, consistent with air trapping. Paw, Pes, and Ppl amplitudes increased monotonically with flow amplitude except above 400–500 ml/s, where the Ppl amplitude decreased suddenly. The latter occurring simultaneously with a sudden fall in mean Paw indicated airway flow limitation in costal regions. Flow instabilities during flow limitation were consistent with the large increase in the phase difference between Paw and Ppl and its variability, with frequency. By contrast, the phase difference between Paw and Pes and its variability were relatively small. These differences in Pes from Ppl responses might be caused by a difference in the impedance of the airway-mediastinum pathway or a direct transmission of tracheal pressure oscillations to the esophagus. The former suggests that constraints offered by the mediastinum and rib cage resulted in nonuniform ventilation during high frequency ventilation.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007624

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  4. 4
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1432-1750
    Keywords:
    Pleural mechanics ; Mechanics of the diaphragm ; Pleural liquid pressure ; Rib-capsule technique
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Abstract In 10 anesthetized adult rabbits, we studied the effect of spontaneous breathing and positive pressure ventilation on pleural pressure on the costal lung surface (Ppl) and in the zone of apposition of the rib cage to the diaphragm (Papp). Ppl and Papp were measured by rib capsules installed in the 5th or 6th rib and 11th or 12th rib, respectively. Esophageal (Pes) and gastric (Pga) pressures were measured with air-filled balloons. At end expiration (functional residual capacity), Ppl was subatmospheric (−2.5 ± 1.4 cm H2O), decreased during spontaneous inspiration, and was in phase with Pes. In contrast, Papp was above atmospheric pressure (2.1 ± 1.8 cm H2O), increased during inspiration, and was in phase with Pga. Papp lagged Ppl by 180° during spontaneous inspiration but was in phase with Ppl during mechanical ventilation. Changes in Ppl (ΔPpl) during inspiration were greater in magnitude than either ΔPapp or ΔPga. Changes in transdiaphragmatic pressure in the zone of apposition (ΔPga - ΔPapp) were near zero (−0.4 ± 0.3 cm H2O), much smaller in magnitude than those (ΔPga - ΔPpl) associated with the lung (3.0 ± 1.5 cm H2O). These results are consistent with the concept that during breathing, abdominal pressure is transmitted to the zone of apposition of the rib cage to the abdomen. During spontaneous breathing at rest, the pleural space in the zone of apposition is mechanically independent of the pleural space associated with the lung.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165700

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses
  5. 5
    Staff View
    ISSN:
    1433-0350
    Keywords:
    Prematurity ; Hemorrhage ; Hydrocephalus ; CSF shunt ; Outcome
    Source:
    Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics:
    Medicine
    Notes:
    Abstract The high-risk low-birth-weight newborn not uncommonly develops intracranial hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage (ICH/IVH) from the immature state of the germinal matrix. Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus may develop. Infants with small hemorrhages (grades I, II of Papile), with or without hydrocephalus have been shown to develop normally in 80%–90% of cases. There is limited information in the literature about the management and outcome of infants with more severe hemorrhages (grades III, IV of Papile), due to the dismal outlook as to their outcome in most centers. The current status and concerns as to the management of these infants is reviewed, and the aspects of neurosurgical and neonatal follow-up and outcome are described. A significant number of these infants have severe handicaps, which are primarily motor. However, a group of infants is noted who have normal intellectual performance despite varying degrees of motor handicaps: 18% have normal intellectual and motor development. In the current series predictors of poorest outcome are the presence of grade IV hemorrhage and/or seizures. The vast majority of the grades III and IV hemorrhages develop hydrocephalus that is a complex management issue for the neurosurgeon.
    Type of Medium:
    Electronic Resource
    URL:
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271136

    Articles: DFG German National Licenses